基于Schiff碱及其配合物为载体的离子选择性电极的研究
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摘要
离子选择性电极是近代发展起来的一类新型的化学传感器。它因其线性范围宽、响应迅速、所需样品少、所需仪器简单、操作方便等优点被广泛用于水质分析、生物医学和临床化验、化工及矿冶地质部门。无论是从缬氨霉素到杯芳烃超分子化学,还是从季铵盐到仿生阴离子载体,离子选择性电极的发展总是以离子载体类型的不断拓宽,电极响应性能的不断优化为发展方向。近年来,一些Schiff碱及其金属配合物由于具有特殊的平面结构及适宜的路易斯酸度而被用作离子选择性电极的电活性物质,促进了离子选择性电极的发展。本文简要介绍了离子选择性电极的发展过程,并着重于设计、合成新型的Schiff碱及其配合物,将其作为离子载体用于PVC聚合膜离子选择性电极的研究中。
1.双安息香Schiff碱双核铜配合物为中性载体的硫氰酸根离子选择性电极的研究
设计合成了N,N'-双[安息香缩(2-氨乙基)]乙二酰胺双核铜化合物[Cu(Ⅱ)-BBAE]和(2-氨乙基)乙二酰胺双核铜化合物[Cu(Ⅱ)-AEED]两种金属配合物,并分别作为中性载体,制得PVC膜离子选择性电极。由于膜的组成直接影响电极的响应性能,因此采用正交实验法对膜的组成进行了一系列的优化。5.0 wt.%[Cu(Ⅱ)-BBAE],65.0wt.%增塑剂ο-NPOE,和30.0wt.%PVC,显示出了最佳的电势响应性能。该离子选择性电极对硫氰酸根反Hofmeister选择性序列:SCN~->ClO_4~->Sal~->I~->NO_3~->Br~->Cl~->NO_2~->SO_3~(2-)>F~->H_2PO_4~->SO_4~(2-)。该电极在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲体系中对8.5×10~(-7)-6.8×10~(-1)mol/L浓度范围内的SCN~-呈斜率为-59.0 mV/dec(25℃)的近能斯特响应,检测下限为5.0×10~(-7)mol/L,并采用交流阻抗研究了电极的响应机理。
2.基于二(2-乙酰吡啶)丁烷-2,3.二腙的铈离子选择性电极的研究
设计合成了二(2一乙酰毗啶)丁烷.2,3-二腙[BAPB],该分子结构中N原子的给电子特性可以提高载体对过渡金属和重金属离子的结合能力。实验结果表明,当膜组成为4.9 wt.%[BAPB],64.1 wt.%增塑剂ο-NPOE, 31.0 wt.%PVC,内充液为1.0 mol/L KNO_3和1.0×10~(-3)mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3时,该电极对Ce~(3+)有比较好的响应。该电极在3.2×10~(-6)-1.0×10~(-2) mol/L的浓度范围内表现出斜率为19.3 mV/dec的近能斯特响应,检出限2.1×10~(-6) mol/L,pH范围为2.0-5.7,响应时间约为1min,十次重复测量的标准偏差小于±1.0 mV。另外,本实验采用了分别溶液法测定了该电极的选择性系数,并与已经报道的铈离子选择性电极进行比较,结果表明该铈离子选择性电极的选择性比较好。最后,本实验采用交流阻抗和等效电路图研究了电极的响应机理,说明Ce~(3+)从水中进入膜的过程受扩散控制。
3.基于2,6-二氨基吡啶大环Schiff碱为载体的铈离子选择性电极的研究
设计合成了一种新的2,6-二氨基吡啶大Schiff碱,它独特的环状结构,以及给电子原子O、N的存在提高了电极对金属离子的敏感性和选择性,使之构建了一支性能比较优良的铈离子选择性电极。实验结果表明,当膜组成为4.6wt%离子载体,62.7wt%增塑剂ο-NPOE,31.7wt.%PVC,1wt%的离子添加剂NaTPB时,该离子载体制得的电极对Ce~(3+)有比较好的响应。该电极在1.0x10~(-5)-1.0x10~(-2) mol/L的浓度范围内表现出斜率为19.0mV/dec的近能斯特响应,检出限5.0x10~(-6)mol/L mol/L,最佳pH为3.0,电极在1.0x10~(-2) mol/L的Ce(NO_3)_3溶液(pH 3.0)中连续测试近8 h,电极电位读数的标准偏差为2.3 mV(n=45)。电极交替在1.0x10~(-3) mol/L和1.0x10~(-2)mol/L的Ce(NO_3)_3溶液中测试2 h,电极电位读数的标准偏差为1.1 mV(n=lO)。响应时间40 s。另外,本实验采用了分别溶液法测定了该电极的选择性系数,并与已经报道的铈离子选择性电极进行比较,结果表明该铈离子选择性电极的选择性比较好。最后,将该电极用于自来水中铈离子回收率的测定,结果表明该铈离子选择性电极可以被用于样品中铈离子的检测。
Ion-selective electrode is a kind of chemical sensors which is developed in the modern. It is widely applied in in the water analysis, the biomedicine and the clinical chemical examination, chemical and the mining and metallurgy geology department because of its wide linearity range, the rapid response, the few sample needed, the simple instrument needed, the simple handled, and so on. From valinomycin to supramolecular chemistry of calixarene, or, from the quaternary ammonium salt to the bionic anion carrier, the development direction of ion selective electrode is always the update of inonphore, the optimum of electrode response performance, constantly. In recent years, some schiff bases and schiff base metal complexes accelerate the development of the ion-selective electrode because of the special planar structure and the suitable Louise acidity. This article introduced briefly the development process of the ion-selective electrode, and emphatically in the design, the synthesis of the new schiff base and schiff base metal complexes which is used to PVC polymericn membrane ion selective electrode as ionophore.1.Study on highly selective thiocyanate electrode based on bis-bebzion schiff base binuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex as neutral carrier
In this study, N, N'- bis[benzoin-(2-aminoethyl)}ethylenediamide binuclear copper compound [Cu(Ⅱ)-BBAE] and (2-aminoethyl) ethylenediamide binuclear copper compound [Cu(Ⅱ)- AEED] were synthesized, and they were used as neutral carriers to prepare PVC membrane ion-selective electrode. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the compositions of membrane were optimized because of the effect of membrane composition on electrode's potentiometric response characteristics. The electrode exhibited the best potentiometric response characteristics when the composition of membrane is 5.0 wt.% [Cu(Ⅱ)- BBAE], 65.0 wt.% plasticizer o-NPOE, 30.0 wt.% PVC. The electrode displayed an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence for a series of anions in the following order: SCN~-> C1O_4~- > Sal~- > I~-> NO_3~-> Br~- > Cl~- > NO_2~- > SO_3~(2-) > F~- > H_2PO_4~- > SO_4~(2-). The electrode exhibits near-Nernst response for SCN~- with a slope of 59.0 mV/decade over a wide concentration range 8.5×10~(-7)-6.8×10~(-1) mol/L and a detection limit 5.0×l~(-7) mol/L in pH 5.0 phosphate buffer solution at 25℃. AC impedance is used to investigate the response mechanism to thiocyanate of the membrane doped with [Cu(Ⅱ)- BBAE].2.Study on a new Ce~(3+) ion-selsective electrode based on bis (2-acetyl pyridine)butane-2,3-dihydrzone
In this study, bis (2-acetyl pyridine) butane-2, 3-dihydrzone [BAPB] was synthesized, the existence of donor electrom atom N can enhance the integrate ability of ionophore for transition metal and heavy metal ions. The experiment result showed that the electrode had good response characteristics when the membrane composition is 4.9 wt.% [BAPB], 64.1 wt.% plasticizerο-NPOE, 31.0 wt.% PVC, and the internal filling solution is 1.0 mol/L KNO_3 and 1.0×10~(-3) mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3. It exhibited Nernstain response with the slope of 19.3 mV/dec within wide concentration of 3.2×10~(-6) to 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L with a detection limit 2.1×10~(-6) mol/L, the pH rang is 2.0 - 5.7. Response time is about 1 minute. The standard deviation of ten replicate measurements was less than±1.0 mV. In addition, the selectivity coefficient which was measured with the separate solution method was compared with the reported Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode, the result shown that the proposed electrode has good selectivity for Ce(Ⅲ) ion. Finally, alternating current impedance and equivalent circuit are used to investigate response mechanism, the results indicated that Ce~(3+) transfer from water to membrane, the transfer process was controlled by diffusion. 3. Study on Ce~(3+) ion-selsective electrode based on 2, 6-diaminopyridine macrocyclic schiff base as carrier
In this study, new 2, 6-diaminopyridine macrocyclic schiff base was synthesized, the existence of peculiar macrocyclic and donor electron atoms O, N can enhance the sensitivity and selectivity for metal ions so as to construct a Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode with good response characteristics. The experiment result shown that the electrode had good response characteristics when the membrane composition is 4.6 wt.% ionophore, 62.7 wt.% plasticizer o-NPOE, 31.7 wt:% PVC, 1wt% ion-additive NaTPB. It exhibited Nernstain response with the slope of 19.0 mV/dec within wide concentration of 1.0×10~(-5) to 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L with a detection limit 5.0×10~(-6) mol/L, the best pH is 3.0. The standard deviation (SD) of the electrode potential reading over a period of 8 h in 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3 solution (pH 3.0) is 2.3 mV (n=45), and the same electrode dipped alternatively into solutions of 1.0×10~(-3) mol/L and 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3 solution is 1.1 mV over 2 h (n=12), response time is about 40 seconds. In addition, the selectivity coefficient which was measured with the separate solution method was compared with the reported Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode, the result showed that the proposed electrode has good selectivity for Ce(Ⅲ) ion. Finally, the electrode was applied to the direct determination of cerium in water samples, the result indicated the Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode can be used to the Ce~(3+) detection in samples.
1.双安息香Schiff碱双核铜配合物为中性载体的硫氰酸根离子选择性电极的研究
设计合成了N,N'-双[安息香缩(2-氨乙基)]乙二酰胺双核铜化合物[Cu(Ⅱ)-BBAE]和(2-氨乙基)乙二酰胺双核铜化合物[Cu(Ⅱ)-AEED]两种金属配合物,并分别作为中性载体,制得PVC膜离子选择性电极。由于膜的组成直接影响电极的响应性能,因此采用正交实验法对膜的组成进行了一系列的优化。5.0 wt.%[Cu(Ⅱ)-BBAE],65.0wt.%增塑剂ο-NPOE,和30.0wt.%PVC,显示出了最佳的电势响应性能。该离子选择性电极对硫氰酸根反Hofmeister选择性序列:SCN~->ClO_4~->Sal~->I~->NO_3~->Br~->Cl~->NO_2~->SO_3~(2-)>F~->H_2PO_4~->SO_4~(2-)。该电极在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲体系中对8.5×10~(-7)-6.8×10~(-1)mol/L浓度范围内的SCN~-呈斜率为-59.0 mV/dec(25℃)的近能斯特响应,检测下限为5.0×10~(-7)mol/L,并采用交流阻抗研究了电极的响应机理。
2.基于二(2-乙酰吡啶)丁烷-2,3.二腙的铈离子选择性电极的研究
设计合成了二(2一乙酰毗啶)丁烷.2,3-二腙[BAPB],该分子结构中N原子的给电子特性可以提高载体对过渡金属和重金属离子的结合能力。实验结果表明,当膜组成为4.9 wt.%[BAPB],64.1 wt.%增塑剂ο-NPOE, 31.0 wt.%PVC,内充液为1.0 mol/L KNO_3和1.0×10~(-3)mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3时,该电极对Ce~(3+)有比较好的响应。该电极在3.2×10~(-6)-1.0×10~(-2) mol/L的浓度范围内表现出斜率为19.3 mV/dec的近能斯特响应,检出限2.1×10~(-6) mol/L,pH范围为2.0-5.7,响应时间约为1min,十次重复测量的标准偏差小于±1.0 mV。另外,本实验采用了分别溶液法测定了该电极的选择性系数,并与已经报道的铈离子选择性电极进行比较,结果表明该铈离子选择性电极的选择性比较好。最后,本实验采用交流阻抗和等效电路图研究了电极的响应机理,说明Ce~(3+)从水中进入膜的过程受扩散控制。
3.基于2,6-二氨基吡啶大环Schiff碱为载体的铈离子选择性电极的研究
设计合成了一种新的2,6-二氨基吡啶大Schiff碱,它独特的环状结构,以及给电子原子O、N的存在提高了电极对金属离子的敏感性和选择性,使之构建了一支性能比较优良的铈离子选择性电极。实验结果表明,当膜组成为4.6wt%离子载体,62.7wt%增塑剂ο-NPOE,31.7wt.%PVC,1wt%的离子添加剂NaTPB时,该离子载体制得的电极对Ce~(3+)有比较好的响应。该电极在1.0x10~(-5)-1.0x10~(-2) mol/L的浓度范围内表现出斜率为19.0mV/dec的近能斯特响应,检出限5.0x10~(-6)mol/L mol/L,最佳pH为3.0,电极在1.0x10~(-2) mol/L的Ce(NO_3)_3溶液(pH 3.0)中连续测试近8 h,电极电位读数的标准偏差为2.3 mV(n=45)。电极交替在1.0x10~(-3) mol/L和1.0x10~(-2)mol/L的Ce(NO_3)_3溶液中测试2 h,电极电位读数的标准偏差为1.1 mV(n=lO)。响应时间40 s。另外,本实验采用了分别溶液法测定了该电极的选择性系数,并与已经报道的铈离子选择性电极进行比较,结果表明该铈离子选择性电极的选择性比较好。最后,将该电极用于自来水中铈离子回收率的测定,结果表明该铈离子选择性电极可以被用于样品中铈离子的检测。
Ion-selective electrode is a kind of chemical sensors which is developed in the modern. It is widely applied in in the water analysis, the biomedicine and the clinical chemical examination, chemical and the mining and metallurgy geology department because of its wide linearity range, the rapid response, the few sample needed, the simple instrument needed, the simple handled, and so on. From valinomycin to supramolecular chemistry of calixarene, or, from the quaternary ammonium salt to the bionic anion carrier, the development direction of ion selective electrode is always the update of inonphore, the optimum of electrode response performance, constantly. In recent years, some schiff bases and schiff base metal complexes accelerate the development of the ion-selective electrode because of the special planar structure and the suitable Louise acidity. This article introduced briefly the development process of the ion-selective electrode, and emphatically in the design, the synthesis of the new schiff base and schiff base metal complexes which is used to PVC polymericn membrane ion selective electrode as ionophore.1.Study on highly selective thiocyanate electrode based on bis-bebzion schiff base binuclear copper(Ⅱ) complex as neutral carrier
In this study, N, N'- bis[benzoin-(2-aminoethyl)}ethylenediamide binuclear copper compound [Cu(Ⅱ)-BBAE] and (2-aminoethyl) ethylenediamide binuclear copper compound [Cu(Ⅱ)- AEED] were synthesized, and they were used as neutral carriers to prepare PVC membrane ion-selective electrode. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the compositions of membrane were optimized because of the effect of membrane composition on electrode's potentiometric response characteristics. The electrode exhibited the best potentiometric response characteristics when the composition of membrane is 5.0 wt.% [Cu(Ⅱ)- BBAE], 65.0 wt.% plasticizer o-NPOE, 30.0 wt.% PVC. The electrode displayed an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence for a series of anions in the following order: SCN~-> C1O_4~- > Sal~- > I~-> NO_3~-> Br~- > Cl~- > NO_2~- > SO_3~(2-) > F~- > H_2PO_4~- > SO_4~(2-). The electrode exhibits near-Nernst response for SCN~- with a slope of 59.0 mV/decade over a wide concentration range 8.5×10~(-7)-6.8×10~(-1) mol/L and a detection limit 5.0×l~(-7) mol/L in pH 5.0 phosphate buffer solution at 25℃. AC impedance is used to investigate the response mechanism to thiocyanate of the membrane doped with [Cu(Ⅱ)- BBAE].2.Study on a new Ce~(3+) ion-selsective electrode based on bis (2-acetyl pyridine)butane-2,3-dihydrzone
In this study, bis (2-acetyl pyridine) butane-2, 3-dihydrzone [BAPB] was synthesized, the existence of donor electrom atom N can enhance the integrate ability of ionophore for transition metal and heavy metal ions. The experiment result showed that the electrode had good response characteristics when the membrane composition is 4.9 wt.% [BAPB], 64.1 wt.% plasticizerο-NPOE, 31.0 wt.% PVC, and the internal filling solution is 1.0 mol/L KNO_3 and 1.0×10~(-3) mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3. It exhibited Nernstain response with the slope of 19.3 mV/dec within wide concentration of 3.2×10~(-6) to 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L with a detection limit 2.1×10~(-6) mol/L, the pH rang is 2.0 - 5.7. Response time is about 1 minute. The standard deviation of ten replicate measurements was less than±1.0 mV. In addition, the selectivity coefficient which was measured with the separate solution method was compared with the reported Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode, the result shown that the proposed electrode has good selectivity for Ce(Ⅲ) ion. Finally, alternating current impedance and equivalent circuit are used to investigate response mechanism, the results indicated that Ce~(3+) transfer from water to membrane, the transfer process was controlled by diffusion. 3. Study on Ce~(3+) ion-selsective electrode based on 2, 6-diaminopyridine macrocyclic schiff base as carrier
In this study, new 2, 6-diaminopyridine macrocyclic schiff base was synthesized, the existence of peculiar macrocyclic and donor electron atoms O, N can enhance the sensitivity and selectivity for metal ions so as to construct a Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode with good response characteristics. The experiment result shown that the electrode had good response characteristics when the membrane composition is 4.6 wt.% ionophore, 62.7 wt.% plasticizer o-NPOE, 31.7 wt:% PVC, 1wt% ion-additive NaTPB. It exhibited Nernstain response with the slope of 19.0 mV/dec within wide concentration of 1.0×10~(-5) to 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L with a detection limit 5.0×10~(-6) mol/L, the best pH is 3.0. The standard deviation (SD) of the electrode potential reading over a period of 8 h in 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3 solution (pH 3.0) is 2.3 mV (n=45), and the same electrode dipped alternatively into solutions of 1.0×10~(-3) mol/L and 1.0×10~(-2) mol/L Ce(NO_3)_3 solution is 1.1 mV over 2 h (n=12), response time is about 40 seconds. In addition, the selectivity coefficient which was measured with the separate solution method was compared with the reported Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode, the result showed that the proposed electrode has good selectivity for Ce(Ⅲ) ion. Finally, the electrode was applied to the direct determination of cerium in water samples, the result indicated the Ce~(3+) ion-selective electrode can be used to the Ce~(3+) detection in samples.
引文
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