孔内空区形态探测技术研究
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摘要
随着我国社会、经济的迅猛发展,矿产资源的需求急剧增加。作为经济发展的需要,我国已经进入矿产资源大规模开发阶段且多为地下开采。矿产资源地下开采不可避免会形成大量的采空区,采空区是目前影响我国矿山安全生产最主要的灾源之一,它严重影响后续的矿体开采规划。因此,准确掌握采空区的形态、实际边界、顶板面积和体积大小等基本信息,是进行采空区处理、控制因采空区引发的灾害的重要基础性工作。
本文介绍了目前国内外采空区的探测技术的研究现状,针对当前采空区探测技术的不足,提出本课题。基于超声波测距的孔内空区探测技术主要包括孔内定位技术(常称为钻孔测斜技术)和超声波测距技术。因此,本论文设计了钻孔内的测斜模块和测距模块两个部分。
测斜模块是基于MotionNode单元在ARM下开发的系统,本文详细介绍了MotionNode单元在ARM机下的开发过程；测距模块是基于AT89C52单片机的超声波测距系统,本文详细介绍了超声波测距系统的硬件电路设计,系统软件设计和电路板设计过程；然后介绍了基于超声波测距的孔内空区形态探测系统的设计。
本论文的创新点在于,实现了MotionNode单元在ARM机下的二次开发,能够获取与传输MotionNode单元的定位信息。
With the rapid development of our country's society and economy, the demand for mineral resources is sharply increasing. As the need of economic development, China has entered a phase of large-scale development of mineral resources and most are underground mining. The underground mining of the mineral resources can't avoid leaving lots of mined-out areas. The mined-out area is one of the main sources of the hazard which endanger the safety of mine and has a strong impact on the following ore-body mining plan. Therefore, the grasp of the basic information such as mined-out area shape, actual boundary, the area roof and the volume is an important foundation work for handling mined-out area and controlling the hazard caused by mined-out area.
This paper introduced the current research status of detection technique of the mined-out area at home and abroad nowadays and proposed this topic to solve the problems existing in those techniques. The detection technique in borehole of the mined-out area based on ultrasonic distance measurement includes mainly location technique in borehole (often referred to as borehole inclinometer technique) and ultrasonic distance measurement technique. So this article designed the inclinometer module and distance measurement module in borehole.
The inclinometer module is a system developed by ARM based on MotionNode units and the distance measurement module is an ultrasonic distance measurement system based on AT89C52 SCM (single-chip microcomputer). This paper described the development process of MotionNode units by the ARM and the design process of hardware circuit, system software and circuit board of the ultrasonic distance measurement system. Then, the design of the detection system in borehole of the mined-out area based on ultrasonic distance measurement was introduced.
The innovation of this paper is that it has achieved the secondary development of MotionNode units by the ARM and the location information of MotionNode units could be accessed and transferred.
本文介绍了目前国内外采空区的探测技术的研究现状,针对当前采空区探测技术的不足,提出本课题。基于超声波测距的孔内空区探测技术主要包括孔内定位技术(常称为钻孔测斜技术)和超声波测距技术。因此,本论文设计了钻孔内的测斜模块和测距模块两个部分。
测斜模块是基于MotionNode单元在ARM下开发的系统,本文详细介绍了MotionNode单元在ARM机下的开发过程；测距模块是基于AT89C52单片机的超声波测距系统,本文详细介绍了超声波测距系统的硬件电路设计,系统软件设计和电路板设计过程；然后介绍了基于超声波测距的孔内空区形态探测系统的设计。
本论文的创新点在于,实现了MotionNode单元在ARM机下的二次开发,能够获取与传输MotionNode单元的定位信息。
With the rapid development of our country's society and economy, the demand for mineral resources is sharply increasing. As the need of economic development, China has entered a phase of large-scale development of mineral resources and most are underground mining. The underground mining of the mineral resources can't avoid leaving lots of mined-out areas. The mined-out area is one of the main sources of the hazard which endanger the safety of mine and has a strong impact on the following ore-body mining plan. Therefore, the grasp of the basic information such as mined-out area shape, actual boundary, the area roof and the volume is an important foundation work for handling mined-out area and controlling the hazard caused by mined-out area.
This paper introduced the current research status of detection technique of the mined-out area at home and abroad nowadays and proposed this topic to solve the problems existing in those techniques. The detection technique in borehole of the mined-out area based on ultrasonic distance measurement includes mainly location technique in borehole (often referred to as borehole inclinometer technique) and ultrasonic distance measurement technique. So this article designed the inclinometer module and distance measurement module in borehole.
The inclinometer module is a system developed by ARM based on MotionNode units and the distance measurement module is an ultrasonic distance measurement system based on AT89C52 SCM (single-chip microcomputer). This paper described the development process of MotionNode units by the ARM and the design process of hardware circuit, system software and circuit board of the ultrasonic distance measurement system. Then, the design of the detection system in borehole of the mined-out area based on ultrasonic distance measurement was introduced.
The innovation of this paper is that it has achieved the secondary development of MotionNode units by the ARM and the location information of MotionNode units could be accessed and transferred.
引文
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[22]阎长斌,徐国元,黄仁东.探地雷达技术在隧道工程质量验收中的应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2003,14(4)：81-84.
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[27]吴亚斌.基于CMS实测的采空区群稳定性数值模拟研究[D].[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007.
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[31]罗周全,杨彪,刘晓明等.采用CMS辅助矿柱回采爆破设计研究[J].金属矿山,2007,(3)：15-17.
[32]刘晓明,罗周全,孙利娟等.空区激光探测系统在我国的研究与应用[J].西安科技大学学报,2008,28(2)：611-614.
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[35]樊高妮,何永强.单片机AT89C2051在超声波测距系统中的应用[J].湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版),2006,18(1)：67-70.
[36]刘修善.定向钻井中方位角及其坐标的归化问题[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(4)：1-5.
[37]周华林,田树林,李兆东等.定向井和水平井测量技术基础[J].石油钻探技术,1998,26(2)：28-31.
[38]桂德洙.浅谈钻井测斜仪[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,21(5)：45-49.
[39]任建新,朱金冬,任思聪等.一种双转子结构陀螺测斜仪的研究[J].中国惯性技术学报,2006,14(6)：20-22.
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[44]黎明,刘新元,吕俊平.测斜仪用磁通门和方位测量技术[J].导航与控制,2003,2(1)：69-75.
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[2]过江,古德生,罗周全.金属矿山采空区3D激光探测新技术[J].矿冶工程,2006,26(5)：16-19.
[3]段瑜.地下采空区灾害危险度的模糊综合评价[D].[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2005.
[4]李庶林.论我国金属矿山地质灾害与防治对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(4)：44-48.
[5]程建远,孙洪星,赵庆彪,苏德国.老窑采空区的探测技术与实例研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(3)：251-255.
[6]王春毅,王永红,程秀升.露天矿境界内地下采空区探测实践[J].采矿技术,2008,8(6)：61-62.
[7]闫长斌,徐国元,中国生.复杂地下空区综合探测技术研究及其应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,24(4)：481-484.
[8]高勇,徐白山,王启军等.地下空区探测方法有效性研究[J].地质找矿论丛,2003,18(2)：126-130.
[9]石志纯,赵国彦,李发本.地下复杂采空区的探测[J].采矿技术,2005,5(4)：103-104.
[10]王红伟.煤矿采空区探测方法的研究[J].太原科技,2009,5：58-60.
[11]李夕兵,李地元,赵国彦等.金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1)：24-28.
[12]朱宝金,郝志东,张引良等.采空区探测及处理[J].露天采煤技术,2002,3：39-40.
[13]张善法,孟令顺,杜晓娟等.高精度重力测量在金矿采空区探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2)：590-591.
[14]段鸿杰,唐岱茂,曹为民.测氡技术圈定采空区影响边界的应用[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1999,14(1)：71-76.
[15]王文龙,陈天逵.浅论高密度电阻率法在工程勘察中的应用效果[J].物探与化探,1995,19(3)：229-237.
[16]张国进,徐新学.高密度电法在地下煤矿采空区探测中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004(8)：65-66.
[17]王强,张晓培,牛建军.高密度电法在采空区勘察中的应用[J].黑龙江水利科技,2008,36(6)：118-120.
[18]刘英,姜文龙,陶飞.不同电法勘探方法在探测采空区等地质体中的比较[J].山东煤炭科技,2009,5：80-83.
[19]王超凡,赵永贵,靳洪晓等.地震CT及其在采空区探测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊)：367-375.
[20]常锁亮,张淑婷,李贵山等.多道瞬态瑞雷波法在探测煤矿采空区中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2002,14(3)：70-72.
[21]祁生文,孙进忠,万志清.瞬态瑞雷波勘探方法的一点改进[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2001,20(4)：466-467.
[22]阎长斌,徐国元,黄仁东.探地雷达技术在隧道工程质量验收中的应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2003,14(4)：81-84.
[23]Jarosz A.L. shepherd. Cavity Monitoring System(CMS)Survey FATOI and Calibration NationalMine Surveying Conference, Darwin, Australia, July 2002.
[24]Sagawa Y.Yamatomi J. Stope design in the Hishikari Gold Mine.
[25]Japan, by using numerical analysis[C].Matthew Handley, Dick Stacey.10th Congress of the ISRM. Johannesburg:the South Africa.
[26]刘敦文,徐国元,黄仁东等.金属矿空区探测新技术[J].中国矿业,2000：9(4)：34-37.
[27]吴亚斌.基于CMS实测的采空区群稳定性数值模拟研究[D].[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007.
[28]Optech System Corporation.cavity monitoring system Wireless User Manual[M].Canada:Optech System Corporate,2004.
[29]Jarosz A,Shepherd L. Apphcation of cavity monitoring system for control of dilution and ore loss in open stopes[C].11th International Congress of ISM, Cracow, Poland,2000,155-164.
[30]LUO Zhou-quan, LIU Xiao-ming, ZHANG Bao, et al.Cavity 3D modeling and correlative techniques based on cavity monitoring[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology,2008,15(5):639-644.
[31]罗周全,杨彪,刘晓明等.采用CMS辅助矿柱回采爆破设计研究[J].金属矿山,2007,(3)：15-17.
[32]刘晓明,罗周全,孙利娟等.空区激光探测系统在我国的研究与应用[J].西安科技大学学报,2008,28(2)：611-614.
[33]Gilbertson R J. The application of the Cavity Measurement System at Olympic Dam operations[C].Proc. Underground Operators Conference, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia,1995:245-252.
[34]Cavity Monitoring System User Manual(Version 2.3)[M].Canada:Optech System Corporation,1996.
[35]樊高妮,何永强.单片机AT89C2051在超声波测距系统中的应用[J].湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版),2006,18(1)：67-70.
[36]刘修善.定向钻井中方位角及其坐标的归化问题[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(4)：1-5.
[37]周华林,田树林,李兆东等.定向井和水平井测量技术基础[J].石油钻探技术,1998,26(2)：28-31.
[38]桂德洙.浅谈钻井测斜仪[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,21(5)：45-49.
[39]任建新,朱金冬,任思聪等.一种双转子结构陀螺测斜仪的研究[J].中国惯性技术学报,2006,14(6)：20-22.
[40]胡毓钜,龚剑文.地图投影[M].北京：测绘出版社,1981.
[41]李汝昌,王祖英.地图投影[M].湖北：中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[42]韩志勇.关于子午线收敛角校正问题[J].石油钻探技术,2006,34(4)：1-4.
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