中国西北地区表土岩石磁学研究
摘要
黄土沉积物分布广泛、沉积连续,是全球的记录古气候信息的三大载体之一。环境磁学是解译黄土高原所记录古气候信息的主要手段,黄土表土磁化率与降水量呈良好的正相关性,是定量反演黄土古土壤序列第四纪时期降水量变化的理论基础。然而,至今人们对黄土古土壤磁化率增强机制仍没有一个统一的认识,极大的限制了环境磁学在古气候重建方面的深入应用。
本文展开对我国西北地区表土的取样调查,对研究区表土进行系统的环境磁学参数测试,结合环境气候信息,深入研究磁学参数与气候信息之间的关系,以探讨黄土表土磁学参数的环境意义。
通过对西北戈壁沙漠—黄土高原表土磁化率研究,发现表土磁化率与降水量的正相关关系出现在一定的降水范围内。其下界限是年平均降水量200-300mm,高于这一界限,表土的磁化率、频率磁化率、百分比频率磁化率与降水量、相对湿度均呈现良好的正相关关系；低于这一界限,磁学参数与气候之间的相关性明显减弱,或者变得不明显。这是因为干旱半干旱气候条件下,1)风化弱,成土组分贡献小,同时2)风积磁颗粒粒径粗,对磁化率影响较大的缘故。
对表土进行多种磁学参数分析发现：磁化率在研究本区表土时,不存在与气象要素之间单一的线性关系。与之相比,频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁,及一些比值参数与年平均降水量有很好的相关性。其中非磁滞剩磁磁化率(χARM),在本区研究中与年平均降水量成正相关关系,作为气候的代用指标具有明显的优势。进一步研究发现：来自于在干旱和半干旱区域样品中多畴MD磁性颗粒与PSD颗粒含量较多,伴随着降水量的增加PSD和SSD含量也逐渐增加,同时SP颗粒逐渐增加,说明样品中MD颗粒在逐渐转化为其他颗粒。随着降水的进一步增加,磁性颗粒逐渐变细,SSD颗粒并对SIRM与χARM起主导作用。
对典型区域(腾格里沙漠边缘表土)进行岩石磁学的分析发现,样品中的强磁性矿物为磁铁矿,颗粒以多畴和准单畴为主,这些磁性粗颗粒对磁化率等磁学特征贡献较大。而局域地形地貌(雅布赖山)是造成磁化率升高的主要原因。区域内表土无明显成土过程发生,磁学矿物种类相似,它们的磁化率增强机制与黄土高原不同,主要反映了磁颗粒粒级大小,或者磁性颗粒搬运的结果。
The magnetic susceptibility variation of loess-paleosol sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) coincides with paleoclimatic changes and hence is widely used for climate reconstruction. Previous studies indicate the existence of a linear relationship between precipitation and magnetic susceptibility of topsoil, which is, however, speculated more complicated.
Here we study topsoil (170samples and together with other61published) including Gobi and CLP in northwest of China, spanning96°E-110°E,33°N to43°N, with precipitation50-700mm/a. Low field magnetic susceptibility χ1f and frequency dependent susceptibility (xfd and χfd%.) have been obtained using Bartington MS2. The precipitation, ranging from1971-2000, at each sample site is simulated and determined with GIS methods.
The correlation between magnetic susceptibility and precipitation presented in this study indicates that:linear relationship between susceptibility and precipitation only occurs to a high precipitation larger than200mm/a and300mm/a. Below this threshold, the relationship is unintelligible. This relation boundary likely attributes to different pedogenic degree over this area. Superparamagnetic (SP) particles bearing very high susceptibility form during the strong pedogenesis in humid area; while in arid area due to weak pedogenic process, the contribution of SP particles of pedogenic origin is limited.
Based on systematical analysis on rock magnetism, this paper studies the topsoil from the edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China. The measured magnetic parameters indicate that main magnetic minerals of those topsoil is magnetite, the other may have maghemite and hematite. The grain size of magnetic minerals is coarse, mostly within range of multi-domain. The magnetic susceptibility has little relation with the pedogenesis but closely relates with landform and parent materials. The topsoil from such arid area or aeolian dust, show similar magnetic mineralogy between them, and do not undergo clearly pedogenesis. Their enhancement mechnism of magnetic susceptibility differs from that in the Loess Plateau. The magnetic susceptibility in such dried region indicates information of grain size or wind-vigor, instead of pedogenesis.
本文展开对我国西北地区表土的取样调查,对研究区表土进行系统的环境磁学参数测试,结合环境气候信息,深入研究磁学参数与气候信息之间的关系,以探讨黄土表土磁学参数的环境意义。
通过对西北戈壁沙漠—黄土高原表土磁化率研究,发现表土磁化率与降水量的正相关关系出现在一定的降水范围内。其下界限是年平均降水量200-300mm,高于这一界限,表土的磁化率、频率磁化率、百分比频率磁化率与降水量、相对湿度均呈现良好的正相关关系；低于这一界限,磁学参数与气候之间的相关性明显减弱,或者变得不明显。这是因为干旱半干旱气候条件下,1)风化弱,成土组分贡献小,同时2)风积磁颗粒粒径粗,对磁化率影响较大的缘故。
对表土进行多种磁学参数分析发现：磁化率在研究本区表土时,不存在与气象要素之间单一的线性关系。与之相比,频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁,及一些比值参数与年平均降水量有很好的相关性。其中非磁滞剩磁磁化率(χARM),在本区研究中与年平均降水量成正相关关系,作为气候的代用指标具有明显的优势。进一步研究发现：来自于在干旱和半干旱区域样品中多畴MD磁性颗粒与PSD颗粒含量较多,伴随着降水量的增加PSD和SSD含量也逐渐增加,同时SP颗粒逐渐增加,说明样品中MD颗粒在逐渐转化为其他颗粒。随着降水的进一步增加,磁性颗粒逐渐变细,SSD颗粒并对SIRM与χARM起主导作用。
对典型区域(腾格里沙漠边缘表土)进行岩石磁学的分析发现,样品中的强磁性矿物为磁铁矿,颗粒以多畴和准单畴为主,这些磁性粗颗粒对磁化率等磁学特征贡献较大。而局域地形地貌(雅布赖山)是造成磁化率升高的主要原因。区域内表土无明显成土过程发生,磁学矿物种类相似,它们的磁化率增强机制与黄土高原不同,主要反映了磁颗粒粒级大小,或者磁性颗粒搬运的结果。
The magnetic susceptibility variation of loess-paleosol sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) coincides with paleoclimatic changes and hence is widely used for climate reconstruction. Previous studies indicate the existence of a linear relationship between precipitation and magnetic susceptibility of topsoil, which is, however, speculated more complicated.
Here we study topsoil (170samples and together with other61published) including Gobi and CLP in northwest of China, spanning96°E-110°E,33°N to43°N, with precipitation50-700mm/a. Low field magnetic susceptibility χ1f and frequency dependent susceptibility (xfd and χfd%.) have been obtained using Bartington MS2. The precipitation, ranging from1971-2000, at each sample site is simulated and determined with GIS methods.
The correlation between magnetic susceptibility and precipitation presented in this study indicates that:linear relationship between susceptibility and precipitation only occurs to a high precipitation larger than200mm/a and300mm/a. Below this threshold, the relationship is unintelligible. This relation boundary likely attributes to different pedogenic degree over this area. Superparamagnetic (SP) particles bearing very high susceptibility form during the strong pedogenesis in humid area; while in arid area due to weak pedogenic process, the contribution of SP particles of pedogenic origin is limited.
Based on systematical analysis on rock magnetism, this paper studies the topsoil from the edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China. The measured magnetic parameters indicate that main magnetic minerals of those topsoil is magnetite, the other may have maghemite and hematite. The grain size of magnetic minerals is coarse, mostly within range of multi-domain. The magnetic susceptibility has little relation with the pedogenesis but closely relates with landform and parent materials. The topsoil from such arid area or aeolian dust, show similar magnetic mineralogy between them, and do not undergo clearly pedogenesis. Their enhancement mechnism of magnetic susceptibility differs from that in the Loess Plateau. The magnetic susceptibility in such dried region indicates information of grain size or wind-vigor, instead of pedogenesis.
引文
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