热压加工对几种块体纳米晶Fe_3Al基合金组织和性能的影响研究
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摘要
本论文综述了Fe-Al系金属间化合物、纳米晶材料的力学性能、研究进展、存在的问题及铝热反应熔化法制备的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料；通过实验研究了不同热压加工温度、次数、压力分别对含10 wt.％Mn、10 wt.％Cr、10 wt.％Ni的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料的组织和力学性能的影响等,总结了各热压加工工艺参数对块体纳米晶Fe3Al基合金纳米结构及塑性变形性能的影响规律,探索了通过热加工增大纳米晶材料尺寸的可能性。概括起来可归纳为以下几条：
1.含不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料在热压加工中表现出不同的塑性变形能力,并随着热压加工温度的升高,材料的塑性变形能力逐渐增强；不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料塑性变形能力存在差异,含10 wt.％Mn的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料在600℃、800℃、1000℃都表现出良好的塑性变形；含10 wt.%Cr的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料热压加工时只在600℃表现出较好的塑性变形,在800℃、1000℃热压加工时材料表现为脆性断裂；含10 wt.％Ni的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料热压加工时在800℃和1000℃表现出较好的塑性变形,在600℃热压加工时材料表现为脆性断裂。
2.热压加工前后含10 wt.％Mn和10 wt.％Cr的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料主要由无序bcc结构Fe3Al相组成,晶体结构没有发生变化,含10 wt.％Ni块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料由热压加工前的无序bcc结构转变为热压加工的DO3有序结构。
3.随着热压加工温度升高含不同合金元素的Fe3Al材料纳米晶粒尺寸增大,热压加工后含10 wt.％Mn和10 wt.％Cr的Fe3Al材料硬度增加,含10 wt.%Ni的Fe3Al材料硬度减小。含10 wt.％Mn的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸和硬度表现为反常的Hall-Petch关系。
4.随着热压加工次数的增加,含不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料塑性变形能力均逐渐增强,含10 wt.％Mn的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸减小,硬度减小,含10 wt.％Cr和10 wt.％Ni的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸增大,硬度变化不显著,含10 wt.％Mn的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸和硬度表现为反常的Hall-Petch关系。
5.不同压力下的热压加工中,含10 wt.％Mn和10 wt.％Cr的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料均表现出较好的塑性变形,并随着热压压力的增加,塑性变形能力逐渐增强,材料的晶粒尺寸和硬度随热压加工压力的增大变化不显著。
6.热压加工后含不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料几何尺寸都得到了增大。
In this thesis, the recent development of Fe-Al intermetallics. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials made by aluminothermic reaction were reviewed. Effect of the hot pressing temperatures, times and pressures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al with 10 wt.% Mn,10 wt. % Cr and 10 wt.% Ni elements are studied. The rules of hot pressing parameters on nanostructure and plastic deformation of the bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials were summed up. The possibility of size increase of nanostructure materials by hot pressing was explored. The main conclusions are given in the following.
1. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials containing different elements show different plastic deformation in hot pressing. The plastic deformation of materials were increased with hot pressing temperature rising. The bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn have a better plasticity at 600℃,800℃and 1000℃. But the bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Cr have a good plasticity only at 600℃and exhibited brittle fracture at 800℃and 1000℃. The bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials withlO wt.% Ni has a good plasticity at 800℃and 1000℃and shows brittle fracture at 600℃.
2. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn and 10 wt.% Cr mainly consist of Fe3Al phases with disorder bcc crystal structure before and after hot pressing. But the bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials withlO wt.% Ni mainly consist of Fe3Al phases with disorder bcc crystal structure before hot pressing and changed to ordered DO3 crystal structure after hot pressing.
3. Grain sizes of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with different elements were increased with hot pressing temperatures increasing. The hardness of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn and 10 wt.% Cr were increased after hot pressing, the hardness of Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Ni was decreased after hot pressing. Relationship of the hardness of the nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn with grain size after hot pressing is contrary to the Hall-Petch relation.
4. Plastic deformation of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with different elements were increased with hot pressing times increasing. Grain sizes and hardness of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn were decreased with hot pressing times increasing. Grain sizes of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Cr and 10 wt.% Ni were increased with hot pressing times increasing, but the hardness is changelessness. Relationship of the hardness of the nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn with grain size after hot pressing is contrary to the Hall-Petch relation.
5. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn and 10 wt.% Cr have a good plasticity at different hot pressing pressures. Plastic deformation of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials was increased with hot pressing pressures increasing. The grain sizes and hardness changes are little with hot pressing pressures increasing.
6. Geometry of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials containing different elements after hot pressing can be increased.
1.含不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料在热压加工中表现出不同的塑性变形能力,并随着热压加工温度的升高,材料的塑性变形能力逐渐增强；不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料塑性变形能力存在差异,含10 wt.％Mn的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料在600℃、800℃、1000℃都表现出良好的塑性变形；含10 wt.%Cr的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料热压加工时只在600℃表现出较好的塑性变形,在800℃、1000℃热压加工时材料表现为脆性断裂；含10 wt.％Ni的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料热压加工时在800℃和1000℃表现出较好的塑性变形,在600℃热压加工时材料表现为脆性断裂。
2.热压加工前后含10 wt.％Mn和10 wt.％Cr的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料主要由无序bcc结构Fe3Al相组成,晶体结构没有发生变化,含10 wt.％Ni块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料由热压加工前的无序bcc结构转变为热压加工的DO3有序结构。
3.随着热压加工温度升高含不同合金元素的Fe3Al材料纳米晶粒尺寸增大,热压加工后含10 wt.％Mn和10 wt.％Cr的Fe3Al材料硬度增加,含10 wt.%Ni的Fe3Al材料硬度减小。含10 wt.％Mn的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸和硬度表现为反常的Hall-Petch关系。
4.随着热压加工次数的增加,含不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料塑性变形能力均逐渐增强,含10 wt.％Mn的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸减小,硬度减小,含10 wt.％Cr和10 wt.％Ni的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸增大,硬度变化不显著,含10 wt.％Mn的Fe3Al材料晶粒尺寸和硬度表现为反常的Hall-Petch关系。
5.不同压力下的热压加工中,含10 wt.％Mn和10 wt.％Cr的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料均表现出较好的塑性变形,并随着热压压力的增加,塑性变形能力逐渐增强,材料的晶粒尺寸和硬度随热压加工压力的增大变化不显著。
6.热压加工后含不同合金元素的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料几何尺寸都得到了增大。
In this thesis, the recent development of Fe-Al intermetallics. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials made by aluminothermic reaction were reviewed. Effect of the hot pressing temperatures, times and pressures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al with 10 wt.% Mn,10 wt. % Cr and 10 wt.% Ni elements are studied. The rules of hot pressing parameters on nanostructure and plastic deformation of the bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials were summed up. The possibility of size increase of nanostructure materials by hot pressing was explored. The main conclusions are given in the following.
1. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials containing different elements show different plastic deformation in hot pressing. The plastic deformation of materials were increased with hot pressing temperature rising. The bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn have a better plasticity at 600℃,800℃and 1000℃. But the bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Cr have a good plasticity only at 600℃and exhibited brittle fracture at 800℃and 1000℃. The bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials withlO wt.% Ni has a good plasticity at 800℃and 1000℃and shows brittle fracture at 600℃.
2. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn and 10 wt.% Cr mainly consist of Fe3Al phases with disorder bcc crystal structure before and after hot pressing. But the bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials withlO wt.% Ni mainly consist of Fe3Al phases with disorder bcc crystal structure before hot pressing and changed to ordered DO3 crystal structure after hot pressing.
3. Grain sizes of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with different elements were increased with hot pressing temperatures increasing. The hardness of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn and 10 wt.% Cr were increased after hot pressing, the hardness of Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Ni was decreased after hot pressing. Relationship of the hardness of the nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn with grain size after hot pressing is contrary to the Hall-Petch relation.
4. Plastic deformation of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with different elements were increased with hot pressing times increasing. Grain sizes and hardness of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn were decreased with hot pressing times increasing. Grain sizes of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Cr and 10 wt.% Ni were increased with hot pressing times increasing, but the hardness is changelessness. Relationship of the hardness of the nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn with grain size after hot pressing is contrary to the Hall-Petch relation.
5. Bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials with 10 wt.% Mn and 10 wt.% Cr have a good plasticity at different hot pressing pressures. Plastic deformation of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials was increased with hot pressing pressures increasing. The grain sizes and hardness changes are little with hot pressing pressures increasing.
6. Geometry of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al materials containing different elements after hot pressing can be increased.
引文
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