基于DSP的指纹锁的设计与实现
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摘要
当今社会,某高档住宅因为门禁系统失控,致使财物人身损失的情况经常发生,机械门锁、密码门锁、IC卡门锁等传统门锁的安全性受到了空前挑战,因此,人们把目光和希望更多的投向了生物识别技术。指纹识别技术是一种重要的生物身份识别技术,也是目前生物识别技术发展的最为成熟的一个分支。作为一种飞速发展的技术,指纹识别已经在刑侦领域大显身手,在身份认证等民用领域,这项技术也具有广阔的应用空间。恰当地把指纹识别系统应用到门禁锁上去,能更有效地实现门锁产品智能化和防盗的目标。
本论文结合指纹识别的应用情况,以指纹算法在门禁锁上实现的思想为指导,运用成熟的指纹算法和嵌入式系统的技术,设计和实现了一个高性能、低成本、低功耗、识别速度快的指纹锁系统。本文主要从以下几个方面进行了研究工作:
1、针对生物识别技术进行分析,展望国内外指纹识别系统的发展状况和市场需求,应用指纹识别算法和现有的软硬件条件,系统设计了一个嵌入式指纹锁的方案,其中包括硬件平台的搭建和软件的设计实现。
2、对现有的图像采集传感器进行比较选择,针对本课题中图像采集的需求,选用CMOS光学传感器作为采集头,并采用一种高速图像采集方式;针对指纹锁的特点,在硬件设计方面,选择性价比高、功耗低的元器件,并在软件设计上作了相应处理,降低了系统硬件成本和整体功耗。
3、为了防止数据通信出错,系统设计了一个指纹识别模块和控制模块的数据通信协议,该协议中包含物理层通信协议和数据链路层CRC校验,用以保证通信的正确、稳定性。
4、针对指纹算法的特殊性,在电脑端对指纹识别算法进行验证,结合本系统设计的嵌入式系统平台,利用一定的开发编译环境,进行算法移植和优化。
5、采用存储器扩展技术,对本系统设计所需要的资源,扩展了外部SDRAM和DATA FLASH,用于保存不同的数据。
最后对整个系统进行概括性总结,指出在开发调试阶段所遇到的问题,以及采用的解决方法,并展示了本系统的调试结果和实际性能参数,指出其中仍可以改进的地方,并提出若干的改进方向。
Currently, even in some exclusive residence, the disfunctional entrance guard systems always cause the property loss and personal danger. The security of traditional locks, such as mechanism lock, password lock and IC card lock, are highly challenged. Therefore, the biology recognition technology gets more and more expectation. Fingerprint recognition technology is not only one of the most important biology recognition technologies, it is also the most mature one. As a fast developing technology, the fingerprint recognition is playing an important role in the area of penal detective. In civil field such as bank identity recognition, it also has high application potential. How to apply fingerprint recognition system to the entrance guard lock can help to intelligentize the locks and prevent stealing.
Based on the application of fingerprint recognition, directed by the idea of fingerprint algorithm applied in entrance guard lock based on the mature fingerprint algorithm and embedded system technology, this thesis presents the design and implementation of fingerprint locks system with high performance, low cost, low power waste and fast recognition.
The main points of this thesis are presented as below:
1. Based on the analysis of biology recognition technology, the development and market demand of domestic and overseas fingerprint recognition system, the application of fingerprint algorithm, the existing software and hardware, we designed an embedded fingerprint lock, which includes the design of hardware and the implementation of software.
2. According to the demand of image acquisition, we chose image sensor from the existing sensors. This thesis selected a CMOS optics image sensor for the image acquisition, applied the fast way of image acquisition, selected low power waste components for the hardware design, and special methods for the software implementation. In the end, we reduced the cost and power waste of the hardware system farthest.
3. To ensure the accuracy of data transmission, a practical communication protocol, which connects the module of fingerprint recognition to the module of the control system, is introduced to the system. It includes the physics layer I2C protocol and the data-link layer CRC protocol.
4. According to the particularity of the system, we first validated the fingerprint algorithm in PC, then we transplanted and optimized the algorithm to the system, based on the embedded system hardware and the software development environment.
5. Applying the extended memory technology, we designed the extended memory SDRAM and DATA FLASH to save different kinds of data for the resource the system needed,
Finally, the thesis summarizes the whole system, points out the problems during the development and the way to resolve. At the end, we present the result of the system application and some performance, make some suggestions for further research.
本论文结合指纹识别的应用情况,以指纹算法在门禁锁上实现的思想为指导,运用成熟的指纹算法和嵌入式系统的技术,设计和实现了一个高性能、低成本、低功耗、识别速度快的指纹锁系统。本文主要从以下几个方面进行了研究工作:
1、针对生物识别技术进行分析,展望国内外指纹识别系统的发展状况和市场需求,应用指纹识别算法和现有的软硬件条件,系统设计了一个嵌入式指纹锁的方案,其中包括硬件平台的搭建和软件的设计实现。
2、对现有的图像采集传感器进行比较选择,针对本课题中图像采集的需求,选用CMOS光学传感器作为采集头,并采用一种高速图像采集方式;针对指纹锁的特点,在硬件设计方面,选择性价比高、功耗低的元器件,并在软件设计上作了相应处理,降低了系统硬件成本和整体功耗。
3、为了防止数据通信出错,系统设计了一个指纹识别模块和控制模块的数据通信协议,该协议中包含物理层通信协议和数据链路层CRC校验,用以保证通信的正确、稳定性。
4、针对指纹算法的特殊性,在电脑端对指纹识别算法进行验证,结合本系统设计的嵌入式系统平台,利用一定的开发编译环境,进行算法移植和优化。
5、采用存储器扩展技术,对本系统设计所需要的资源,扩展了外部SDRAM和DATA FLASH,用于保存不同的数据。
最后对整个系统进行概括性总结,指出在开发调试阶段所遇到的问题,以及采用的解决方法,并展示了本系统的调试结果和实际性能参数,指出其中仍可以改进的地方,并提出若干的改进方向。
Currently, even in some exclusive residence, the disfunctional entrance guard systems always cause the property loss and personal danger. The security of traditional locks, such as mechanism lock, password lock and IC card lock, are highly challenged. Therefore, the biology recognition technology gets more and more expectation. Fingerprint recognition technology is not only one of the most important biology recognition technologies, it is also the most mature one. As a fast developing technology, the fingerprint recognition is playing an important role in the area of penal detective. In civil field such as bank identity recognition, it also has high application potential. How to apply fingerprint recognition system to the entrance guard lock can help to intelligentize the locks and prevent stealing.
Based on the application of fingerprint recognition, directed by the idea of fingerprint algorithm applied in entrance guard lock based on the mature fingerprint algorithm and embedded system technology, this thesis presents the design and implementation of fingerprint locks system with high performance, low cost, low power waste and fast recognition.
The main points of this thesis are presented as below:
1. Based on the analysis of biology recognition technology, the development and market demand of domestic and overseas fingerprint recognition system, the application of fingerprint algorithm, the existing software and hardware, we designed an embedded fingerprint lock, which includes the design of hardware and the implementation of software.
2. According to the demand of image acquisition, we chose image sensor from the existing sensors. This thesis selected a CMOS optics image sensor for the image acquisition, applied the fast way of image acquisition, selected low power waste components for the hardware design, and special methods for the software implementation. In the end, we reduced the cost and power waste of the hardware system farthest.
3. To ensure the accuracy of data transmission, a practical communication protocol, which connects the module of fingerprint recognition to the module of the control system, is introduced to the system. It includes the physics layer I2C protocol and the data-link layer CRC protocol.
4. According to the particularity of the system, we first validated the fingerprint algorithm in PC, then we transplanted and optimized the algorithm to the system, based on the embedded system hardware and the software development environment.
5. Applying the extended memory technology, we designed the extended memory SDRAM and DATA FLASH to save different kinds of data for the resource the system needed,
Finally, the thesis summarizes the whole system, points out the problems during the development and the way to resolve. At the end, we present the result of the system application and some performance, make some suggestions for further research.
引文
[1]田野.用你的手指“说话”——指纹识别器.大众硬件,2005年06期.
[2]Lawton G.Biometric Market Report2006-2010.Http://www.biometricgroup.com,2006-01-01/2006-07-15.
[3]张敏贵,周德龙.生物特征识别及研究现状.生物物理学报,2002,18(2):156-162
[4]胡焱,张国伟.指纹锁在我国高星级酒店应用前景的初探.产业研究,2007.
[5]王崇文,李见为,周宏文等.指纹识别系统的设计与实现.计算机应用,2001.
[6]周宁婕,付宇卓,周煜.基于DSP的指纹识别系统硬件平台设计.计算机仿真,2005.
[7]谢健阳,李铁才,唐降龙.指纹识别系统的设计与实现.微计算机信息,2005.
[8]张亮.指纹图像传感器技术关键及发展趋势.传感器技术,2005年09期.
[9]王莉.指纹锁的开发生产与传感器的选择.研究与探讨,2006.
[10]OV7620 Single-Chip CMOS VGA Color Digital Camera Datasheet.OmniVision Technologies,Inc.2001.
[11]赵红怡.DSP技术与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[12]汪春梅,孙洪波,任治刚.TMS320C5000系列DSP系统设计与开发实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[13]TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Datasheet.Texas Instruments,2001.
[14]何立民.单片机应用系统设计[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,1999.
[15]王柏林.单片机系统设计的误区与对策[J].电子技术应用,2002.
[16]张军.AVR单片机应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[17]Max7000A Programmable Logic Device Family Datasheet.Altera Corporation.
[18]MT48LC4M16A2 Fully Synchronous DRAM Datasheet.Micron Technical Note:TN-48-05.
[19]AT25F4096 High Speed SPI Serial Flash Memory Datasheet.Atmel Corporation.
[20]Programming the TMS320VC5509 I2C Peripheral.Texas Instruments, Application Report SPRA785-November 2001.
[21]钱万忠,万德钧,李成嘉.基于高性能单片机的数据采集系统的设计及实现.数据采集与处理,2000,(2):248-251.
[22]孙广俊,张景伟.一种数据采集与记录系统的研制[J].数据采集与处理,1998,(4):378-381.
[23]孙志卓,吕文志,任传成.串行通信系统中一种综合容错技术的研究[J].数据采集与处理,2006,(8):74-76.
[24]王泉,齐春,罗新民等.AVR单片机CRC校验码的查表与直接生成.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,(9):31-33.
[25]高丽,李金莉,张斌.远程监控网中快速CRC算法设计及实现.郑州大学学报(工学版),2003,(1):97-100.
[26]张堂辉,田捷,刘旭.基于DSP指纹识别核心算法的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003.
[27]Lin Hong,Yifei Wan,Anil Jain.Fingerprint Image Enhancement:Algorithm and Performance Evaluation[J].IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1998.
[28]Harrold,D.Data acquisition[J].Control Engineering[J],Jan.2006,64-99.
[29]J.Zalev,R.Sedaghat,Automatic fingerprint recognition algorithm,Electrical and Computer Engineering,2004,Canadian Conference on,2004,Vol.4:2263-2266.
[30]Ratha NK,Bolle RM.Effect of controlled acquisition on fingerprint matching.In:Proc.of the 14th Int'l Conf.on Pattern Recognition.Brisbane:IEEE Computer Society,1998.1659-1661.
[31]D.Maltoni,D.Maio,A.K.Jain,et al.Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition Springer,New York,2003.
[32]A.K.Jain,Ross A,Prabhakar S.An introduction to biometric recognition.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.2004,14(1):4-20.
[33]Marios S Patichis,George Panayi.Fingerprint Classification Using an AM-FM Model,IEEE Trans on Image Processing,2001,10(6):951-954.
[34]Chikkerur S,International V.Fingerprint image enhancement using STFT analysis.International Workshop on Pattern Recognition for Crime Prevention, Security and Surveillance,2005:20-29.
[35]R.C.Gonzalez and R.E.Woods.Digital Image Processing,Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ,2002.
[36]吴冰、秦志远.自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法.绘测学院学报,2000.
[37]曹莉华.图像边缘提取中的一种动态阈值获取法.小型微型计算机系统,1997.
[38]Authentec Inc.AuthenTec EntrePad 2510 World's Most Proven.Flexible Slide Sensor for the Wireless Market,May 08,2005.
[39]付忠良.新的图像阈值选取方法.计算机应用,2001.
[40]陈宏,田捷.检验配准模式的指纹匹配算法.软件学报,2005.
[41]尹勇,欧光军.DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南.北京航空航人人学出版社,2003.11.
[42]Using the TMS320VC5509 BootLoader.Texas Instruments,Application Report,December 2002.
[43]胡国安,艾明晶,骆志勇.基于SOPC的指纹识别系统的设计与实现。计算机工程与应用,2006.8.
[44]李俊,吴怀宇,李腾飞等.指纹图像采集系统的设计与实现.传感器技术,2005.
[2]Lawton G.Biometric Market Report2006-2010.Http://www.biometricgroup.com,2006-01-01/2006-07-15.
[3]张敏贵,周德龙.生物特征识别及研究现状.生物物理学报,2002,18(2):156-162
[4]胡焱,张国伟.指纹锁在我国高星级酒店应用前景的初探.产业研究,2007.
[5]王崇文,李见为,周宏文等.指纹识别系统的设计与实现.计算机应用,2001.
[6]周宁婕,付宇卓,周煜.基于DSP的指纹识别系统硬件平台设计.计算机仿真,2005.
[7]谢健阳,李铁才,唐降龙.指纹识别系统的设计与实现.微计算机信息,2005.
[8]张亮.指纹图像传感器技术关键及发展趋势.传感器技术,2005年09期.
[9]王莉.指纹锁的开发生产与传感器的选择.研究与探讨,2006.
[10]OV7620 Single-Chip CMOS VGA Color Digital Camera Datasheet.OmniVision Technologies,Inc.2001.
[11]赵红怡.DSP技术与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[12]汪春梅,孙洪波,任治刚.TMS320C5000系列DSP系统设计与开发实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[13]TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Datasheet.Texas Instruments,2001.
[14]何立民.单片机应用系统设计[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,1999.
[15]王柏林.单片机系统设计的误区与对策[J].电子技术应用,2002.
[16]张军.AVR单片机应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[17]Max7000A Programmable Logic Device Family Datasheet.Altera Corporation.
[18]MT48LC4M16A2 Fully Synchronous DRAM Datasheet.Micron Technical Note:TN-48-05.
[19]AT25F4096 High Speed SPI Serial Flash Memory Datasheet.Atmel Corporation.
[20]Programming the TMS320VC5509 I2C Peripheral.Texas Instruments, Application Report SPRA785-November 2001.
[21]钱万忠,万德钧,李成嘉.基于高性能单片机的数据采集系统的设计及实现.数据采集与处理,2000,(2):248-251.
[22]孙广俊,张景伟.一种数据采集与记录系统的研制[J].数据采集与处理,1998,(4):378-381.
[23]孙志卓,吕文志,任传成.串行通信系统中一种综合容错技术的研究[J].数据采集与处理,2006,(8):74-76.
[24]王泉,齐春,罗新民等.AVR单片机CRC校验码的查表与直接生成.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,(9):31-33.
[25]高丽,李金莉,张斌.远程监控网中快速CRC算法设计及实现.郑州大学学报(工学版),2003,(1):97-100.
[26]张堂辉,田捷,刘旭.基于DSP指纹识别核心算法的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003.
[27]Lin Hong,Yifei Wan,Anil Jain.Fingerprint Image Enhancement:Algorithm and Performance Evaluation[J].IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1998.
[28]Harrold,D.Data acquisition[J].Control Engineering[J],Jan.2006,64-99.
[29]J.Zalev,R.Sedaghat,Automatic fingerprint recognition algorithm,Electrical and Computer Engineering,2004,Canadian Conference on,2004,Vol.4:2263-2266.
[30]Ratha NK,Bolle RM.Effect of controlled acquisition on fingerprint matching.In:Proc.of the 14th Int'l Conf.on Pattern Recognition.Brisbane:IEEE Computer Society,1998.1659-1661.
[31]D.Maltoni,D.Maio,A.K.Jain,et al.Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition Springer,New York,2003.
[32]A.K.Jain,Ross A,Prabhakar S.An introduction to biometric recognition.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.2004,14(1):4-20.
[33]Marios S Patichis,George Panayi.Fingerprint Classification Using an AM-FM Model,IEEE Trans on Image Processing,2001,10(6):951-954.
[34]Chikkerur S,International V.Fingerprint image enhancement using STFT analysis.International Workshop on Pattern Recognition for Crime Prevention, Security and Surveillance,2005:20-29.
[35]R.C.Gonzalez and R.E.Woods.Digital Image Processing,Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ,2002.
[36]吴冰、秦志远.自动确定图像二值化最佳阈值的新方法.绘测学院学报,2000.
[37]曹莉华.图像边缘提取中的一种动态阈值获取法.小型微型计算机系统,1997.
[38]Authentec Inc.AuthenTec EntrePad 2510 World's Most Proven.Flexible Slide Sensor for the Wireless Market,May 08,2005.
[39]付忠良.新的图像阈值选取方法.计算机应用,2001.
[40]陈宏,田捷.检验配准模式的指纹匹配算法.软件学报,2005.
[41]尹勇,欧光军.DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南.北京航空航人人学出版社,2003.11.
[42]Using the TMS320VC5509 BootLoader.Texas Instruments,Application Report,December 2002.
[43]胡国安,艾明晶,骆志勇.基于SOPC的指纹识别系统的设计与实现。计算机工程与应用,2006.8.
[44]李俊,吴怀宇,李腾飞等.指纹图像采集系统的设计与实现.传感器技术,2005.