广东省部分供水水库典型异味物质的分布与动态
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摘要
近年来,水体中藻类产生的次级代谢产物引发的水体异味问题已经引起世界的广泛关注,其中以土腥素(geosmin)和2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)产生的土霉味最为常见。
geosmin和2-MIB这两种典型的异味物质为半挥发性有机物,在水体中嗅阈值极低,通常为ng／L。本实验采用顶空固相微萃取前处理方法,利用定性定量都较为精确的气相色谱-质谱联用的检测方法,对广东省部分供水水库水体中的两种异味物质的浓度进行了检测,同时监测水体中蓝藻的种类和丰度,以及总氮、总磷、硝氮、氨氮、叶绿素a、温度等环境因子,在此基础上分析了两种典型异味物质与藻类丰度以及环境因子的相关关系。
在2009年8月-9月期间,通过对33座供水水库典型异味物质geosmin和2-MIB的调查表明,有22座水库检出2-MIB,其中13座水库水体中的2-MIB的浓度超过10 ng／L,有7座水库检出geosmin,仅1座水库水体中的geosmin的浓度超过10 ng／L。这表明广东省水库水体中典型的异味物质主要为2-MIB,相关性分析表明2-MIB的产生与水库丝状蓝藻有关,而geosmin和2-MIB的浓度与环境因子并无明显相关性。
异味问题比较严重的少可水库是重点监测对象,为期一年的调查研究结果表明,少可水库水体中主要异味物质为geosmin,全年均可检出,检出最高浓度达858.835 ng／L,通过相关性分析结果表明,少可水库中geosmin的来源为卷曲鱼腥藻,其浓度与环境因子中的总磷、总氮有正相关性,与氨氮呈负相关性。而2-MIB并未全年检出,主要出现在09年8月-11月,其浓度与拟柱孢藻和颤藻的丰度呈正相关,与浮游植物总丰度以及丝状蓝藻总丰度无明显相关性,与环境因子中的温度呈正相关,与总氮、硝氮以及低的N／P有负相关性。
In recent years, off-flavor problems caused by algae-producing secondary metabolic compounds have attracted the worldwide attention, in which the musty and earthy odors originated from geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are the most common.
Geosmin and 2-MIB are two typical semi-volatile organic compounds. They have very low odor threshold number in water, typically ng/L. In the experiments, heading solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was used as preliminary treatment method, and accurate qualitative and quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) determination method was used to determin the samples from reservoirs for dringking water supply in Guangdong Province. The concentrations of the two typical odorous compounds, geosmin and 2-MIB were determined, the species and abundance of blue-green algae, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chlorophyll a, temperature and other environmental factors were investigated. The correlation between two compounds and abundance of blue-green algae and the environment factors were analyzed.
The investigation of two typical odorous compounds in 33 reservoirs for drinking water supply during August and September showed that 2-MIB was detected in 22 reservoirs, and the concentrations of 2-MIB in 13 reservoirs were above 10 ng/L; geosmin was detected in 7 reservoirs, the concentrations of geosmin were above 10 ng/L. The main odorous compounds in reservoirs for drinking water supply in Guangdong were 2-MIB, the production of 2-MIB was correlated with filamentous cyanobacteria, while the concentrations of geosmin and 2-MIB and other environmental factors showed no significance.
Shaoke Reservoir was intensely monitored. One-year investigation showed that geosmin was the main odor compound which could be detected throughout the year. The highest concentration was 858.835ng/L. The correlation analysis results showed that the sources of geosmin were Anabaena circinalis. There were positive correlativity between concentrations of geosmin and some environmental factors, including total phosphorus and total nitrogen. However, there was negative correlativity between concentrations of geosmin and ammonia nitrogen. 2-MIB was detected from August to November in 2009. There was no significant correlativity between the concentration of 2-MIB and either total abundance of blue-green algae or total abundance of filamentous blue-green algae, but a positive correlativity with the abundance of Cylindrospermopsis and Oscillatoria and the temperature, negative correlativity with the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and N/P.
geosmin和2-MIB这两种典型的异味物质为半挥发性有机物,在水体中嗅阈值极低,通常为ng／L。本实验采用顶空固相微萃取前处理方法,利用定性定量都较为精确的气相色谱-质谱联用的检测方法,对广东省部分供水水库水体中的两种异味物质的浓度进行了检测,同时监测水体中蓝藻的种类和丰度,以及总氮、总磷、硝氮、氨氮、叶绿素a、温度等环境因子,在此基础上分析了两种典型异味物质与藻类丰度以及环境因子的相关关系。
在2009年8月-9月期间,通过对33座供水水库典型异味物质geosmin和2-MIB的调查表明,有22座水库检出2-MIB,其中13座水库水体中的2-MIB的浓度超过10 ng／L,有7座水库检出geosmin,仅1座水库水体中的geosmin的浓度超过10 ng／L。这表明广东省水库水体中典型的异味物质主要为2-MIB,相关性分析表明2-MIB的产生与水库丝状蓝藻有关,而geosmin和2-MIB的浓度与环境因子并无明显相关性。
异味问题比较严重的少可水库是重点监测对象,为期一年的调查研究结果表明,少可水库水体中主要异味物质为geosmin,全年均可检出,检出最高浓度达858.835 ng／L,通过相关性分析结果表明,少可水库中geosmin的来源为卷曲鱼腥藻,其浓度与环境因子中的总磷、总氮有正相关性,与氨氮呈负相关性。而2-MIB并未全年检出,主要出现在09年8月-11月,其浓度与拟柱孢藻和颤藻的丰度呈正相关,与浮游植物总丰度以及丝状蓝藻总丰度无明显相关性,与环境因子中的温度呈正相关,与总氮、硝氮以及低的N／P有负相关性。
In recent years, off-flavor problems caused by algae-producing secondary metabolic compounds have attracted the worldwide attention, in which the musty and earthy odors originated from geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are the most common.
Geosmin and 2-MIB are two typical semi-volatile organic compounds. They have very low odor threshold number in water, typically ng/L. In the experiments, heading solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was used as preliminary treatment method, and accurate qualitative and quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) determination method was used to determin the samples from reservoirs for dringking water supply in Guangdong Province. The concentrations of the two typical odorous compounds, geosmin and 2-MIB were determined, the species and abundance of blue-green algae, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chlorophyll a, temperature and other environmental factors were investigated. The correlation between two compounds and abundance of blue-green algae and the environment factors were analyzed.
The investigation of two typical odorous compounds in 33 reservoirs for drinking water supply during August and September showed that 2-MIB was detected in 22 reservoirs, and the concentrations of 2-MIB in 13 reservoirs were above 10 ng/L; geosmin was detected in 7 reservoirs, the concentrations of geosmin were above 10 ng/L. The main odorous compounds in reservoirs for drinking water supply in Guangdong were 2-MIB, the production of 2-MIB was correlated with filamentous cyanobacteria, while the concentrations of geosmin and 2-MIB and other environmental factors showed no significance.
Shaoke Reservoir was intensely monitored. One-year investigation showed that geosmin was the main odor compound which could be detected throughout the year. The highest concentration was 858.835ng/L. The correlation analysis results showed that the sources of geosmin were Anabaena circinalis. There were positive correlativity between concentrations of geosmin and some environmental factors, including total phosphorus and total nitrogen. However, there was negative correlativity between concentrations of geosmin and ammonia nitrogen. 2-MIB was detected from August to November in 2009. There was no significant correlativity between the concentration of 2-MIB and either total abundance of blue-green algae or total abundance of filamentous blue-green algae, but a positive correlativity with the abundance of Cylindrospermopsis and Oscillatoria and the temperature, negative correlativity with the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and N/P.
引文
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2. Bellar T A, Lichtenberg J J. Determining volatile organics at microgram-per-liter levels by gas chromatography [J]. American Water Works Association,1974,66:739-744.
3. Blevins W T, Schrader K K, Saadoun I. Comparative physiology of geosmin production by Strep to myceshalstedii and Anabaena sp [J]. Water Science and Technology,1995,31: 127-133.
4. Bowmer K H, Padovan A, Oliver R L, Korth W & Ganf G G. Physiology of geosmin production by Anabaena circinalis isolated form the Murrumbidgee River, Australia [J]. Water Science and Technology,1992,25:259-267.
5. Bruchet A. Solved and unsolved cases of taste and odor episodes in the files of inspector Cluzeau [J]. Water Science and Technology,1999,40:15-21.
6. Chung S Y, Johnsen P B, Klesius P H. Development of an ELISA using polyclonal antibodies specific for methylisoborneol [J]. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry, 1990,38:410-415.
7. Chung S Y, Vercellotti J R, Johnsen P B, et al. Development of an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for geosmin [J]. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry,1991, 39(4):764-769.
8. Clery D. Drinkers slate water quality [J].West Australian,2003,2-4
9. Crozes G, Hagstrom J, Suffet I H, et al. Bench-scale evaluation of adsorptive processes for taste and odors control using rapid small-scale column tests and flavor profile analysis [J]. Water Science and Technology,1999,40 (6):39-44.
10. Dionigi C P, Ingram D A. Effects of temperature and oxygen concentration on geosmin production by Streptomycestendae and Pencilliumexpansum [J]. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry,1994,42:143-145.
11. Dionigi C P, Millie D F, Spanier A M, Johnsen P B. Spore and geosmin production by Streptomyces tendae on several media [J]. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry,
1992,40:122-125.
12. Dionigi C P. The effects of copper sulfate on geosmin biosynthesis by Streptomyces tendae, Streptomyces albidoflavis and Penicillium expansum [J]. Water Science and Technology, 1995,31:135-138.
13. Eaton A D, Cleseri L S, Greenberg A E, Eds. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 9thed [M]. Washington D C:APHA,1995.
14. Evans W G. Volatile organic chemicals of a shore-dwelling cyanobacterial mat community [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20:219-230.
15. Gerber N N, Lechevalier H A. Geosmin, an earthy-smelling substance isolated from actinomycetes [J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1965,13:935-938.
16. Gerber N N. A volatile metabolite of actinomycetes,2-methylisoborneol [J]. Antibiot,1969, 22:508-509
17. Holtan H. The Lake Mjosa story [J]. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol,1979,13: 242-258.
18. Hoson T. Growth characteristics of the musty odor producing alga, Oscillatoria tenuis [J]. Water Science and Technology,1992,25 (2):177-184.
19. Hu T L. The odor production of Anabaena sp.isolated from the inlet of a water purification plant. The 4th international workshop on drinking water quality management and treatment technology, Taiwan [R/C],1998.March:4-5.
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