锦鲫幼鱼的社群等级地位及其与标准代谢率、血糖和临界游泳能力的关系
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摘要
本研究以暖水性且经常性摄食的人工养殖的锦鲫幼鱼为实验对象,在25.0±0.5oC实验室条件下分别以好斗行为和摄食成功率两个指标进行社群等级地位的评估,并通过测定标准代谢(Standard metabolic rate, SMR)、血糖浓度和临界游泳速度(Critical swimming speed,Ucrit)以考察其生理状态与社群等级地位的关系,旨在为暖水性鲤科鱼类的行为生态学研究提供基础资料。
主要研究结果:
1.通过观察各组实验鱼的好斗行为,发现锦鲫幼鱼具有明显的争斗现象;三个等级地位由高到低的好斗行为得分分别为8.1±0.30、1.9±0.30、0.0;观察并记录各组实验鱼的摄食状况,经计算得到各尾鱼的摄食率并统计得到各组实验鱼三个等级地位由高到低的平均摄食成功率分别为51.2±1.61、29.3±1.87、19.5±0.73%。另外,以各组争斗行为得分为自变量,摄食成功率为因变量进行直线回归,发现二者之间存在显著正相关。
2.锦鲫幼鱼在三个等级确定前后处于统治地位的实验鱼均呈现较高的的SMR水平,但未见显著差异(P>0.05);且三个等级之间也没有差异(P>0.05)。而从高到低不同等级的血糖浓度分别为3.4±0.22mg/L、4.2±0.30 mg/L、4.5±0.33 mg/L,其中居统治地位的血糖浓度比2、3等级的低,存在显著差异(P<0.05),而2、3等级之间的血糖浓度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
3.本研究对10组30尾锦鲫幼鱼的Ucrit进行测定,从高到低3个等级的平均值分别为:35.5±0.22、33.7±0.66、29.8±1.02 cm/s,整体趋势表现出随等级地位上升实验鱼的Ucrit呈增加趋势;其中Ucrit的平均值第1等级高于第2等级,2等级高于3等级;1、2等级没有显著差异,但1、2等级与3等级之间有显著差异(P<0.05;)。
研究结果表明:
1.通过上述两个指标对其社群等级的评估,其结果均表明幼鱼在实验室条件下存在着明显的社群等级分化现象;同时其结果显示用这两个指标对锦鲫社群等级地位的评估是可靠的。
2.本研究未见锦鲫各个社群等级地位的SMR差异,或许是较大实验误差社群压力对SMR的影响,也有可能该种实验室鱼的社群等级与标准代谢之间没有关联。
3.表明锦鲫幼鱼等级地位越高,血糖浓度越低;这一现象揭示高等级地位的鱼受到较低的社群胁迫且具有较高的生理适合度。
4.表明小群体中锦鲫幼鱼的等级地位越高其有氧运动能力越强,进而更加适合生存。
Juvenile crucian carp, a warm water and regular feedind of breeding fish, were chosen as the experimental animal. The social status of juvenile crucian carp was identified into 2 levels by factors of successful feeding rate and aggressive behaviors at 25.0±0.5℃under laboratory conditions. The standard metabolic rate, blood glucose concentrations and critical swimming speed in fish of each social level were determined. To investigate the relationship of between their physiological state and the social status, to provide basic information for warm-water cyprinid fish of Behavioral Ecology study .
The results as follows:
1. Each set of experiments by observing the aggressive behavior of the fish and found that juvenile crucian carp were fighting with the obvious phenomenon; the aggressive behavior score of the 3 social status levels (high to low) of juvenile crucian carp were 8.1±0.30,1.9±0.30 and 0.0, respectively. Observed and recorded experiment of each group of fish feeding status, calculated by the end of the fish feeding rate and statistics of each group received the successful feeding rate of the 3 social status levels (high to low) of juvenile crucian carp were 51.2±1.61,29.3±1.87 and 19.5±0.73%, respectively. The successful feeding rate was positive related to aggressive behaviour score (P <0.01).
2. Before and after to determine the 3 social status levels, the dominant of juvenile crucian carp showed a high level of SMR, but no significant difference (P >0.05); and no significant difference between the three levels (P >0.05). The blood glucose concentrations were 3.4±0.22,4.2±0.30 and 4.5±0.33 mmol/L(P <0.05) respectively in fish with different social status (high to low), which are dominant in the blood glucose concentrations levels lower than subordinate fish, there is a significant difference (P <0.05), while the blood glucose concentrations levels between the subordinate fish were no significant difference (P >0.05).
3. This study group of 30 pairs of 10 Ucrit juvenile crucian carp was measured from high to low average of three grades, respectively: 35.5±0.22、33.7±0.66、29.8±1.02 cm/s,the overall trend showed an increase with the hierarchical status, experimental fish of Ucrit showed an increasing trend. The dominant of Ucrit in which the average is higher than the subordinate fish; between the subordinate fish was no significant difference (P >0.05), but between the 1,2-grade and 3 levels was a significant difference (P <0.05).
The indications as follows:
1. Through the above two indicators for the assessment of their the social status, the results showed that both juveniles under laboratory conditions there is a clear polarization of the social status; the same time, the results showed that the use of these two indicators for the assessment of juvenile crucian carp’the social status is reliable.
2. In this study, the social status of juvenile crucian carp was no significant difference on the SMR, and perhaps the larger experiment error of the impact of community pressure on the SMR, it’s possible that between the kinds of laboratory fish of the
3. social status and the standard metabolic rate is no correlation.The results of this study show that juvenile crucian carp with higher social status had the lower blood glucose levels, while the lower grade their blood glucose levels appeared higher trend which may imply lower levels of stress and a greater fitness of physical activity.
4. The results show that small groups of juvenile crucian carp with higher social status, the stronger their aerobic exercise capacity.
主要研究结果:
1.通过观察各组实验鱼的好斗行为,发现锦鲫幼鱼具有明显的争斗现象;三个等级地位由高到低的好斗行为得分分别为8.1±0.30、1.9±0.30、0.0;观察并记录各组实验鱼的摄食状况,经计算得到各尾鱼的摄食率并统计得到各组实验鱼三个等级地位由高到低的平均摄食成功率分别为51.2±1.61、29.3±1.87、19.5±0.73%。另外,以各组争斗行为得分为自变量,摄食成功率为因变量进行直线回归,发现二者之间存在显著正相关。
2.锦鲫幼鱼在三个等级确定前后处于统治地位的实验鱼均呈现较高的的SMR水平,但未见显著差异(P>0.05);且三个等级之间也没有差异(P>0.05)。而从高到低不同等级的血糖浓度分别为3.4±0.22mg/L、4.2±0.30 mg/L、4.5±0.33 mg/L,其中居统治地位的血糖浓度比2、3等级的低,存在显著差异(P<0.05),而2、3等级之间的血糖浓度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
3.本研究对10组30尾锦鲫幼鱼的Ucrit进行测定,从高到低3个等级的平均值分别为:35.5±0.22、33.7±0.66、29.8±1.02 cm/s,整体趋势表现出随等级地位上升实验鱼的Ucrit呈增加趋势;其中Ucrit的平均值第1等级高于第2等级,2等级高于3等级;1、2等级没有显著差异,但1、2等级与3等级之间有显著差异(P<0.05;)。
研究结果表明:
1.通过上述两个指标对其社群等级的评估,其结果均表明幼鱼在实验室条件下存在着明显的社群等级分化现象;同时其结果显示用这两个指标对锦鲫社群等级地位的评估是可靠的。
2.本研究未见锦鲫各个社群等级地位的SMR差异,或许是较大实验误差社群压力对SMR的影响,也有可能该种实验室鱼的社群等级与标准代谢之间没有关联。
3.表明锦鲫幼鱼等级地位越高,血糖浓度越低;这一现象揭示高等级地位的鱼受到较低的社群胁迫且具有较高的生理适合度。
4.表明小群体中锦鲫幼鱼的等级地位越高其有氧运动能力越强,进而更加适合生存。
Juvenile crucian carp, a warm water and regular feedind of breeding fish, were chosen as the experimental animal. The social status of juvenile crucian carp was identified into 2 levels by factors of successful feeding rate and aggressive behaviors at 25.0±0.5℃under laboratory conditions. The standard metabolic rate, blood glucose concentrations and critical swimming speed in fish of each social level were determined. To investigate the relationship of between their physiological state and the social status, to provide basic information for warm-water cyprinid fish of Behavioral Ecology study .
The results as follows:
1. Each set of experiments by observing the aggressive behavior of the fish and found that juvenile crucian carp were fighting with the obvious phenomenon; the aggressive behavior score of the 3 social status levels (high to low) of juvenile crucian carp were 8.1±0.30,1.9±0.30 and 0.0, respectively. Observed and recorded experiment of each group of fish feeding status, calculated by the end of the fish feeding rate and statistics of each group received the successful feeding rate of the 3 social status levels (high to low) of juvenile crucian carp were 51.2±1.61,29.3±1.87 and 19.5±0.73%, respectively. The successful feeding rate was positive related to aggressive behaviour score (P <0.01).
2. Before and after to determine the 3 social status levels, the dominant of juvenile crucian carp showed a high level of SMR, but no significant difference (P >0.05); and no significant difference between the three levels (P >0.05). The blood glucose concentrations were 3.4±0.22,4.2±0.30 and 4.5±0.33 mmol/L(P <0.05) respectively in fish with different social status (high to low), which are dominant in the blood glucose concentrations levels lower than subordinate fish, there is a significant difference (P <0.05), while the blood glucose concentrations levels between the subordinate fish were no significant difference (P >0.05).
3. This study group of 30 pairs of 10 Ucrit juvenile crucian carp was measured from high to low average of three grades, respectively: 35.5±0.22、33.7±0.66、29.8±1.02 cm/s,the overall trend showed an increase with the hierarchical status, experimental fish of Ucrit showed an increasing trend. The dominant of Ucrit in which the average is higher than the subordinate fish; between the subordinate fish was no significant difference (P >0.05), but between the 1,2-grade and 3 levels was a significant difference (P <0.05).
The indications as follows:
1. Through the above two indicators for the assessment of their the social status, the results showed that both juveniles under laboratory conditions there is a clear polarization of the social status; the same time, the results showed that the use of these two indicators for the assessment of juvenile crucian carp’the social status is reliable.
2. In this study, the social status of juvenile crucian carp was no significant difference on the SMR, and perhaps the larger experiment error of the impact of community pressure on the SMR, it’s possible that between the kinds of laboratory fish of the
3. social status and the standard metabolic rate is no correlation.The results of this study show that juvenile crucian carp with higher social status had the lower blood glucose levels, while the lower grade their blood glucose levels appeared higher trend which may imply lower levels of stress and a greater fitness of physical activity.
4. The results show that small groups of juvenile crucian carp with higher social status, the stronger their aerobic exercise capacity.
引文
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