基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络定位系统的研究与实现
摘要
无线传感器网络直接感知客观世界,改变了人类与自然界的交互方式。然而由于无线传感器网络应用系统所采集的数据必须与节点自身相对应才有意义,所以定位已经成为传感器网络应用中最为关键的技术之一。同时,随着低成本、低功耗的ZigBee技术的兴起,基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络越来越受到关注。本文将基于ZigBee技术无线传感器网络定位系统作为研究的主要内容。
首先,本文在查阅大量参考文献的基础上,对无线传感器网络定位技术的研究背景、国内外研究现状和ZigBee协议栈进行了介绍,综述了无线传感器网络定位技术的相关理论知识,并把基于RSSI的无线传感器网络定位算法作为本文研究的重点。
其次,在通过对现有定位算法优缺点、无线电损耗模型、以及RSSI测距和影响RSSI因素的分析,并通过对两种算法模型分析的基础上,提出了一种基于高斯模型的优化RSSI的算法。该算法可以有效地抗干扰,提高定位精度。本文详细地描述了定位算法实现流程,并通过实验进行了验证。
最后,本文设计了一个低功耗、高性价比的无线传感器网络定位系统,实现了无线定位与有线通信的有机结合,并运用在实际的应用中,得出了实验结论,并分析了目前存在的问题以及下一步的工作展望。
本文提出的定位方案有效降低了干扰、非视距等因素的影响,提高了定位精度,并在远距离通信时有效降低传输的不稳定性,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。
Wireless sensor network ,which directly perceived the objective world ,had changed the way that humans interact with the natural world. However, it was only meaningful that the data collected by wireless sensor network applications must be correspond to the node itself, so localizaiton had become one of the most critical technologies of sensor network applications. Meanwhile, with low-cost, low power ZigBee technology rising, Wireless Sensor Networks based on Zigbee was a growing concern.The paper made WSN localization system based on Zigbee as the main content of it.
Firstly,this paper introduced the background and status quo of WSN localization,as well as ZigBee communication protocol and discussed about the theory concerning WSN localization on the basis of the study of a lot of related literatures. The signal strength based localization technology was made as the main point of this paper.
Secondly, A kind of optimizing RSSI algorithm based on Gaussian models was brought forward in the paper after the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the localization algorithms in existence,wireless loss model,RSSI ranging and the factors that affected the RSSI ,as well as the analysis of the two algorithm models. The algorithm could effectively anti-jam and improved localization accuracy. This paper described the localization algorithm process detaily and verified it through experiments.
Finally, The paper designed a low-power, high performance localization system for wireless sensor networks which realized the combination of wireless location and cable communications. The localization methods mentioned above was applied in the system to get the location results. The paper analyzed the present problems as well as the next step prospect.
The localization method given by this paper reduced the influence of the interference, non line of sight, etc to improve the localization accuracy and reduced the instability of transmission in the long-distance communication. The localization system ran in a good condition in the real application.
首先,本文在查阅大量参考文献的基础上,对无线传感器网络定位技术的研究背景、国内外研究现状和ZigBee协议栈进行了介绍,综述了无线传感器网络定位技术的相关理论知识,并把基于RSSI的无线传感器网络定位算法作为本文研究的重点。
其次,在通过对现有定位算法优缺点、无线电损耗模型、以及RSSI测距和影响RSSI因素的分析,并通过对两种算法模型分析的基础上,提出了一种基于高斯模型的优化RSSI的算法。该算法可以有效地抗干扰,提高定位精度。本文详细地描述了定位算法实现流程,并通过实验进行了验证。
最后,本文设计了一个低功耗、高性价比的无线传感器网络定位系统,实现了无线定位与有线通信的有机结合,并运用在实际的应用中,得出了实验结论,并分析了目前存在的问题以及下一步的工作展望。
本文提出的定位方案有效降低了干扰、非视距等因素的影响,提高了定位精度,并在远距离通信时有效降低传输的不稳定性,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。
Wireless sensor network ,which directly perceived the objective world ,had changed the way that humans interact with the natural world. However, it was only meaningful that the data collected by wireless sensor network applications must be correspond to the node itself, so localizaiton had become one of the most critical technologies of sensor network applications. Meanwhile, with low-cost, low power ZigBee technology rising, Wireless Sensor Networks based on Zigbee was a growing concern.The paper made WSN localization system based on Zigbee as the main content of it.
Firstly,this paper introduced the background and status quo of WSN localization,as well as ZigBee communication protocol and discussed about the theory concerning WSN localization on the basis of the study of a lot of related literatures. The signal strength based localization technology was made as the main point of this paper.
Secondly, A kind of optimizing RSSI algorithm based on Gaussian models was brought forward in the paper after the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the localization algorithms in existence,wireless loss model,RSSI ranging and the factors that affected the RSSI ,as well as the analysis of the two algorithm models. The algorithm could effectively anti-jam and improved localization accuracy. This paper described the localization algorithm process detaily and verified it through experiments.
Finally, The paper designed a low-power, high performance localization system for wireless sensor networks which realized the combination of wireless location and cable communications. The localization methods mentioned above was applied in the system to get the location results. The paper analyzed the present problems as well as the next step prospect.
The localization method given by this paper reduced the influence of the interference, non line of sight, etc to improve the localization accuracy and reduced the instability of transmission in the long-distance communication. The localization system ran in a good condition in the real application.
引文
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[8] Zhang Qinghui,Jin Guangfeng,Xiang Yunqiang.Research on Zigbee Locating System Based on the Multi-hop Weighted Centroid Algorithm[J].ICICTA'09. Second International Conference on.2009, Volume: 4: 633-636
[9] Zhao Hu, Li Zhi.Dynamic-Anchor Distributed Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2008. WiCOM '08. 4th International Conference on. 2008: 1-4
[10] Chris Town, David Sinclair. AT&T Laboratories Cambridge [M].2007
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[12] Balajti.I.,Microwaves. Radar & Wireless Communications[J]. MIKON2006. International Conference on.2006:1149-1155
[13]谷红亮,史元春,申瑞民等.一种用于智能空间的多目标跟踪室内定位系[J].计算机学报.2007,30-9: 1603-1611
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[16] M.Alnuaimi,K.Shuaib,I.Jawhar.Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer Using MatLab/Simulink[J]. Innovations in InformationTechnology.2006:1-5
[17] Lijun Liu, Lili Tong.ZigBee Network Layer's Routing Algorithm Analysis. Computer and Information Technology.2008:49-51
[18] Bertin.M.-H.,Bossche.A.,Chalhoub.G.,et al. OCARI for industrial wireless sensor networks.WD'08.1st IFIP. 2008: 1-5
[19] Liu Yanfei,Wang Cheng,Qiao Xiaojun,et al.An Improved Design of ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network[J].ICCSIT 2009. 2009: 515-518.
[20]周丽梅.基于ZigBee技术的WSN及定位方法实现[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2007
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[22] Boukerche.A.,Nakamura.E.F.,Loureiro.A.A Voronoi Approach for Scalable and Robust DV-Hop Localization System for Sensor Networks[J]. ICCCN 2007. Proceedings of 16th International Conference on. 2007: 497-502
[23] Xin Li,Bei Hua,Yan Guo.Link State Based Annulus Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. CHINACOM'07.Second International Conference on .2007:793-797
[24] Kezhong Liu,,XinpingYan,Fuping Hu. A Modified DV-Hop Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks[J].ICCCN2007.2007:497-502
[25] Zhang Jianwu,Zhang Lu.Research on distance measurement based on RSSI of ZigBee[J]. CCCM2009. ISECS International Colloquium on.2009:210-212
[26]方震,赵湛,郭鹏等.基于RSSI测距分析[J].传感技术学报.2007:2526-2530
[27] Benkic.K.,Malajner.M.,Planinsic.P.Using RSSI value for distance estimation in wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee Systems[J].IWSSIP2008.15th International Conference on.2008:303–306
[28] Barralet.M.,Xu Huang,Sharma.D.Effects of antenna polarization on RSSI based location identification[J].ICACT2009.11th International Conference on.2009, Volume: 01:260-265
[29] Xu Huang. Antenna Polarization as Complementarities on RSSI Based Location Identification[J].ISWPC2009. 4th International Symposium on.2009:1-5
[30] Wanming Chen,Tao Mei,Lei Sun,Yumei Liu,et al.Error analyzing for RSSI-based localization in wireless sensor networks[J]. WCICA2008.7th World Congress on.2008:2701-2706
[31] Borenovic.M.N.,Neskovic.A.M.omparative analysis of RSSI, SNR and Noise level parameters applicability for WLAN positioning purposes[J]. EUROCON'09.2009:1895- 1900
[32] Awad.A.,Frunzke.T.,Dressier.F.Adaptive Distance Estimation and Localiza- tion in WSN using RSSI Measures,Digital System Design Architectures [J].DSD2007.10th Euromicro Conference on.2007:471-478
[33] Nakamura.K.,kKamio.M.,Watanabe.T.,Kobayashi.S.,Koshizuka.N. Reliable ranging technique based on statistical RSSI analyses for an ad-hoc proximity detection system[J].PerCom2009. 2009:1-6
[34] Chung-Hsin Liu,Chih-Chieh Fan.Zigbee-Research into Integrated Real-Time Located Systems[J].APSCC'08. IEEE.2008: 942-947
[35] Ping Song,Guangping Qi,Kejie Li.Design of Wireless Test and Measurement System with High Sampling Rate Based on WSN[J].IITA'08.Second Internati -onal Symposium on.2008:775-779
[36] Raskovic.D.,Revuri.V.,Giessel.D.,Milenkovic.A.Embedded web server for wireless sensor networks[J].SSST2009.41st Southeastern Symposium on. 2009:19-23
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[38] Zhan Mei-qiong,Ji Chang-peng.Research and Implementation of Embedded Web Server[S]. MMIT'08.International Conference on.2008:123-125
[39] www.samsung.com[S].
[40]李文仲等编著.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[D].北京航空航天大学出版社.2008
[41]李同松.大连理工大学硕士学位论文[D].基于ZigBee技术的室内定位系统研究与实现.2008
[42]程志华,安琦,陶峰.基于嵌入式系统的乙炔气体监测系统设计[J]. 2009:46-48,59
[43]王丽伟,杨厚俊,范延滨.通过U-Boot实现基于S3C44B0X uClinux移植.南京师范大学学报, 2008, 8( 4): 150-154,172
[44] Yi Xie,Shun-zheng Yu.Light-weight detection of HTTP attacks for large-scale Web sites[J]. ICCS2008.11th IEEE Singapore International Conference on.2008:1182-1186
[45]李晶媛,韩慧莲.基于HTTP协议的多线程下载工具的实现.电脑开发与应用,2009, 10(22): 52-54,64
[46] Wang ZhenXing,Ren XianY.A Study on Cgi of Embedded Webserver[J]. ISCSCT'08. International Symposium on.2008:480-483
[47] Linzhen Zhou,Defang Liu,Bin Wang. Research on ASP-Based Information Security System[J]. ISCSCT'08.International Symposium on.2008:746–749
[48] Suzumura.T.,Trent.S.,Tatsubori.M.,et al.Performance Comparison of WebService Engines in PHP, Java and C[J]. ICWS '08.2008:385-392
[49] Xiao-Ian Zhuo,Jun Zhang,Wei-neng Chen.A new pheromone design in ACS for solving JSP[J]. CEC2007. IEEE Congress on.2007:1963-1969
[50]王真星,石林祥,沈武敏.嵌入式Web服务器应用的关键技术研究.计算机工程与应用.2009, 28(45): 79-82
[51] Yi Xie,Shun-zheng Yu.Light-weight detection of HTTP attacks for large scale Web sites[J]. ICCS2008.11th IEEE Singapore International Conference on.2008:1182-1186
[52] He Huimin,Wang Jing,Si Lingling.Design and Realization of Embedded Web Gateway Server[J]. ICCET '08. International Conference on.2009:39- 42
[53] Chen Tian-huang,Huang Jia-xi.Design and Realization of CGI in Embedded Dynamic Web Technology[J]. NPC Workshops. IFIP International Conference on.2007:774-777
[2]王珊珊.国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文[J].基于RSSI的无线传感器网络定位算法研究.2007
[3]汪场.无线传感器网络定位技术研究[D].中国科技大学博士学位论文[J]. 2007
[4] Mailaender.L.Comparing Geo-Location Bounds for TOA,TDOA and Round- Trip TOA[J]. PIMRC2007.IEEE 18th International Symposium on.2007:1-5
[5] Le Yang,Ho.K.C.An Approximately Efficient TDOA Localization Algorithm in Closed-Form for Locating Multiple Disjoint Sources With Erroneous Sensor Positions[J].Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on.2009, Volume: 57, Issue: 12:4598-4615
[6] Tian Hui,Wang Shuang,Xie Huaiyao.Localization using Cooperative AOA Approach[J].WiCom2007.International Conference on.2007:2416-2419
[7] Rong-Hou Wu,Yang-Han Lee,Hsien-Wei Tseng,et al.Study of characteristics of RSSI signal[J].ICIT2008.IEEE International Conference on.2008:1-3
[8] Zhang Qinghui,Jin Guangfeng,Xiang Yunqiang.Research on Zigbee Locating System Based on the Multi-hop Weighted Centroid Algorithm[J].ICICTA'09. Second International Conference on.2009, Volume: 4: 633-636
[9] Zhao Hu, Li Zhi.Dynamic-Anchor Distributed Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2008. WiCOM '08. 4th International Conference on. 2008: 1-4
[10] Chris Town, David Sinclair. AT&T Laboratories Cambridge [M].2007
[11] Laibowitz.M.,Gips.J.,AyIward.R.,et al.A.A sensor network for social dynamics[J]. IPSN2006.The Fifth International Conference on.2006:483-491
[12] Balajti.I.,Microwaves. Radar & Wireless Communications[J]. MIKON2006. International Conference on.2006:1149-1155
[13]谷红亮,史元春,申瑞民等.一种用于智能空间的多目标跟踪室内定位系[J].计算机学报.2007,30-9: 1603-1611
[14] http=//directionsmag.com/press.relwase/index/php?duty=show&id=383.19999
[15] Tuan Dang,Devic.OCARI: Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks[J].INDIN2008.2008:688-693
[16] M.Alnuaimi,K.Shuaib,I.Jawhar.Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer Using MatLab/Simulink[J]. Innovations in InformationTechnology.2006:1-5
[17] Lijun Liu, Lili Tong.ZigBee Network Layer's Routing Algorithm Analysis. Computer and Information Technology.2008:49-51
[18] Bertin.M.-H.,Bossche.A.,Chalhoub.G.,et al. OCARI for industrial wireless sensor networks.WD'08.1st IFIP. 2008: 1-5
[19] Liu Yanfei,Wang Cheng,Qiao Xiaojun,et al.An Improved Design of ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network[J].ICCSIT 2009. 2009: 515-518.
[20]周丽梅.基于ZigBee技术的WSN及定位方法实现[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2007
[21] ZigBee Alliance web site[S], http://www.ZigBee.org
[22] Boukerche.A.,Nakamura.E.F.,Loureiro.A.A Voronoi Approach for Scalable and Robust DV-Hop Localization System for Sensor Networks[J]. ICCCN 2007. Proceedings of 16th International Conference on. 2007: 497-502
[23] Xin Li,Bei Hua,Yan Guo.Link State Based Annulus Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. CHINACOM'07.Second International Conference on .2007:793-797
[24] Kezhong Liu,,XinpingYan,Fuping Hu. A Modified DV-Hop Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks[J].ICCCN2007.2007:497-502
[25] Zhang Jianwu,Zhang Lu.Research on distance measurement based on RSSI of ZigBee[J]. CCCM2009. ISECS International Colloquium on.2009:210-212
[26]方震,赵湛,郭鹏等.基于RSSI测距分析[J].传感技术学报.2007:2526-2530
[27] Benkic.K.,Malajner.M.,Planinsic.P.Using RSSI value for distance estimation in wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee Systems[J].IWSSIP2008.15th International Conference on.2008:303–306
[28] Barralet.M.,Xu Huang,Sharma.D.Effects of antenna polarization on RSSI based location identification[J].ICACT2009.11th International Conference on.2009, Volume: 01:260-265
[29] Xu Huang. Antenna Polarization as Complementarities on RSSI Based Location Identification[J].ISWPC2009. 4th International Symposium on.2009:1-5
[30] Wanming Chen,Tao Mei,Lei Sun,Yumei Liu,et al.Error analyzing for RSSI-based localization in wireless sensor networks[J]. WCICA2008.7th World Congress on.2008:2701-2706
[31] Borenovic.M.N.,Neskovic.A.M.omparative analysis of RSSI, SNR and Noise level parameters applicability for WLAN positioning purposes[J]. EUROCON'09.2009:1895- 1900
[32] Awad.A.,Frunzke.T.,Dressier.F.Adaptive Distance Estimation and Localiza- tion in WSN using RSSI Measures,Digital System Design Architectures [J].DSD2007.10th Euromicro Conference on.2007:471-478
[33] Nakamura.K.,kKamio.M.,Watanabe.T.,Kobayashi.S.,Koshizuka.N. Reliable ranging technique based on statistical RSSI analyses for an ad-hoc proximity detection system[J].PerCom2009. 2009:1-6
[34] Chung-Hsin Liu,Chih-Chieh Fan.Zigbee-Research into Integrated Real-Time Located Systems[J].APSCC'08. IEEE.2008: 942-947
[35] Ping Song,Guangping Qi,Kejie Li.Design of Wireless Test and Measurement System with High Sampling Rate Based on WSN[J].IITA'08.Second Internati -onal Symposium on.2008:775-779
[36] Raskovic.D.,Revuri.V.,Giessel.D.,Milenkovic.A.Embedded web server for wireless sensor networks[J].SSST2009.41st Southeastern Symposium on. 2009:19-23
[37] www.TI.com[S].
[38] Zhan Mei-qiong,Ji Chang-peng.Research and Implementation of Embedded Web Server[S]. MMIT'08.International Conference on.2008:123-125
[39] www.samsung.com[S].
[40]李文仲等编著.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[D].北京航空航天大学出版社.2008
[41]李同松.大连理工大学硕士学位论文[D].基于ZigBee技术的室内定位系统研究与实现.2008
[42]程志华,安琦,陶峰.基于嵌入式系统的乙炔气体监测系统设计[J]. 2009:46-48,59
[43]王丽伟,杨厚俊,范延滨.通过U-Boot实现基于S3C44B0X uClinux移植.南京师范大学学报, 2008, 8( 4): 150-154,172
[44] Yi Xie,Shun-zheng Yu.Light-weight detection of HTTP attacks for large-scale Web sites[J]. ICCS2008.11th IEEE Singapore International Conference on.2008:1182-1186
[45]李晶媛,韩慧莲.基于HTTP协议的多线程下载工具的实现.电脑开发与应用,2009, 10(22): 52-54,64
[46] Wang ZhenXing,Ren XianY.A Study on Cgi of Embedded Webserver[J]. ISCSCT'08. International Symposium on.2008:480-483
[47] Linzhen Zhou,Defang Liu,Bin Wang. Research on ASP-Based Information Security System[J]. ISCSCT'08.International Symposium on.2008:746–749
[48] Suzumura.T.,Trent.S.,Tatsubori.M.,et al.Performance Comparison of WebService Engines in PHP, Java and C[J]. ICWS '08.2008:385-392
[49] Xiao-Ian Zhuo,Jun Zhang,Wei-neng Chen.A new pheromone design in ACS for solving JSP[J]. CEC2007. IEEE Congress on.2007:1963-1969
[50]王真星,石林祥,沈武敏.嵌入式Web服务器应用的关键技术研究.计算机工程与应用.2009, 28(45): 79-82
[51] Yi Xie,Shun-zheng Yu.Light-weight detection of HTTP attacks for large scale Web sites[J]. ICCS2008.11th IEEE Singapore International Conference on.2008:1182-1186
[52] He Huimin,Wang Jing,Si Lingling.Design and Realization of Embedded Web Gateway Server[J]. ICCET '08. International Conference on.2009:39- 42
[53] Chen Tian-huang,Huang Jia-xi.Design and Realization of CGI in Embedded Dynamic Web Technology[J]. NPC Workshops. IFIP International Conference on.2007:774-777