黑龙江省企业技术创新能力研究
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摘要
作为东北老工业基地，黑龙江省传统领域的企业状况日渐衰落，竞争能力与沿海地区相比已经落后，制造业在经历早期的辉煌后已呈现衰落状态。究其根源，制造业企业创新能力不足是重要根源之一。研究黑龙江省企业技术创新能力不足的原因，探讨提升黑龙江省企业技术创新能力提升路径具有重要的理论和现实意义。
针对黑龙江省26家大型制造业企业的调研结果，论文分析了目标样本的基本情况，对黑龙江省内制造业企业中的行业构成、人力资源和研发组织进行了初步的分析。对于经营者来讲，创新精神是最具有代表性的企业家精神，另外，企业技术创新作为企业的核心竞争力具有不可替代的作用。研究发现，黑龙江省制造企业对于创新活动的重要性认识还显得不太充分，在企业技术创新各个环节上也有许多有待改进的地方，其中重要的表现包括创新方式和创新观念略显陈旧、技术创新物质资本投入稍显不足、创业型人才难以满足企业创新需要。
在此基础上，论文在DEA-Tobit两步法的框架下进一步对黑龙江省企业技术创新能力进行了评价，并分析了其影响因素。根据评价的结果得出了大部分企业技术创新效率趋同，但存在两级分化的情况；企业的技术创新效率体现出了较强的规模收益递增特性；企业技术创新效率与获利能力体现出了较强的正相关性；技术创新效率的行业间差异显著；企业的产权类型对技术创新能力有显著影响等结论。而影响因素分析的结果则显示：企业规模与技术创新效率并无直接联系；人力资源状况改善对技术创新效率有显著的正向影响；协作创新对技术创新效率有显著促进作用的影响；科研资源配备显现边际收益递减的趋势等结论。
与对大型企业采取大规模调研的处理方式不同，本文对中小企业的技术创新能力采用案例分析方法进行研究。通过对森鹰集团的分析发现，企业自我完善的学习过程与竞争优势的培育过程不是一个线性的知识积累过程。从战略层面看，企业家精神是组织文化之魂，组织文化是企业战略决策的动因；从组织层面上看，动态组织能力是企业独特的核心竞争力，通过提炼隐性知识和组织惯例，打造动态组织能力；从操作层面上看，通过凝结互补资产，构建产业战略同盟，整合供应链。
根据计量经济和案例分析结果，论文认为要想达到提升黑龙江省企业技术创新能力的目标，政府对企业自主创新活动的政策支持不应以企业规模为标准，而应以提高企业人力资源素质为核心目标,以完善“政府-企业-高校”创新网络为核心手段，通过协同创新来实现。论文从知识共享、协同创新的角度提出了黑龙江省企业技术创新能力的提升策略。
The competitive ability of enterprises in Heilongjiang is far behind the coastal developed areas, industrial decline has become a fact. The reason of the decline, in the final analysis lies in the lack of innovation. Study the causes of deficiency of Heilongjiang province enterprise technology innovation ability, discusses promote Heilongjiang province enterprise technology innovation ability ascension path has important theoretical and realistic significance.
According to the research results of26large manufacturing enterprises in Heilongjiang province, the paper analyzes the object of study of general situation, industry structure, to the enterprise human resources situation and research institutes have a preliminary understanding. Although the business operators have recognized the importance of innovation, innovation spirit has become an important part of the “entrepreneurial spirit”, and at the same time, technical innovation has become an important part of enterprises’ core competitiveness. However the extent of the enterprise emphasizes on the innovation needs to be improved, the technical innovation still exist some deficiencies, mainly considering that the enterprise approach to innovation and innovation idea are not high, the technical innovation invests insufficiently, the brain drain is serious, and the ability of technical innovation is low.
Based on survey data, the paper DEA-Tobit two-step further under the framework of enterprise technology innovation ability of Heilongjiang province was evaluated, and its influence factors were analyzed. According to the evaluation of the results obtained most of the enterprise technology innovation efficiency of convergence, but there are two levels of differentiation; Enterprise's technology innovation efficiency reflects the strong features of increasing return to scale; Enterprise technology innovation efficiency and the profitability reflects the strong positive correlation; Industry is a significant difference between the efficiency of technology innovation; The type of property right has significant influence on technology innovation ability, etc. And influence factors analysis of the results shows: enterprise size and efficiency of technological innovation, there is no direct link; Human resources improvement have significant positive influence on the efficiency of the technology innovation; Collaborative innovation's influence on the technological innovation efficiency has a significant role in promoting; Appeared with the trend of diminishing marginal returns of scientific research resources, etc.
And handling of large companies to adopt large-scale survey in a different way, in this paper, the capability of technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises took the delicate way of case analysis. Through the analysis of the sen eagle group found that the learning process of self-perfection and breeding process of competitive advantage is not a linear process of knowledge accumulation. From a strategic level, entrepreneur spirit is the soul of a organizational culture, organizational culture is the enterprise strategic decision factor; Look from the organizational level, refining the recessive knowledge and organizational practices, building dynamic ability of organization, the dynamic ability of organization is a unique enterprise core competitiveness; Look from the operating level, through condensation complementary assets, building industry, strategic alliance, and integration of the supply chain.
According to the results of econometric and case analysis, this paper think that in order to achieve the purpose of the promotion enterprise technology innovation capability in Heilongjiang province, the future of the government policy to encourage enterprise independent innovation activities should not be on the basis of enterprise scale, but in order to improve the quality of human resources as the core goal, to improve the "government-corporate-university" innovation network as the core, through collaborative innovation. From this perspective, the paper put forward from the perspective of knowledge sharing, collaborative innovation ability of the enterprise technology innovation strategy in Heilongjiang province.
针对黑龙江省26家大型制造业企业的调研结果，论文分析了目标样本的基本情况，对黑龙江省内制造业企业中的行业构成、人力资源和研发组织进行了初步的分析。对于经营者来讲，创新精神是最具有代表性的企业家精神，另外，企业技术创新作为企业的核心竞争力具有不可替代的作用。研究发现，黑龙江省制造企业对于创新活动的重要性认识还显得不太充分，在企业技术创新各个环节上也有许多有待改进的地方，其中重要的表现包括创新方式和创新观念略显陈旧、技术创新物质资本投入稍显不足、创业型人才难以满足企业创新需要。
在此基础上，论文在DEA-Tobit两步法的框架下进一步对黑龙江省企业技术创新能力进行了评价，并分析了其影响因素。根据评价的结果得出了大部分企业技术创新效率趋同，但存在两级分化的情况；企业的技术创新效率体现出了较强的规模收益递增特性；企业技术创新效率与获利能力体现出了较强的正相关性；技术创新效率的行业间差异显著；企业的产权类型对技术创新能力有显著影响等结论。而影响因素分析的结果则显示：企业规模与技术创新效率并无直接联系；人力资源状况改善对技术创新效率有显著的正向影响；协作创新对技术创新效率有显著促进作用的影响；科研资源配备显现边际收益递减的趋势等结论。
与对大型企业采取大规模调研的处理方式不同，本文对中小企业的技术创新能力采用案例分析方法进行研究。通过对森鹰集团的分析发现，企业自我完善的学习过程与竞争优势的培育过程不是一个线性的知识积累过程。从战略层面看，企业家精神是组织文化之魂，组织文化是企业战略决策的动因；从组织层面上看，动态组织能力是企业独特的核心竞争力，通过提炼隐性知识和组织惯例，打造动态组织能力；从操作层面上看，通过凝结互补资产，构建产业战略同盟，整合供应链。
根据计量经济和案例分析结果，论文认为要想达到提升黑龙江省企业技术创新能力的目标，政府对企业自主创新活动的政策支持不应以企业规模为标准，而应以提高企业人力资源素质为核心目标,以完善“政府-企业-高校”创新网络为核心手段，通过协同创新来实现。论文从知识共享、协同创新的角度提出了黑龙江省企业技术创新能力的提升策略。
The competitive ability of enterprises in Heilongjiang is far behind the coastal developed areas, industrial decline has become a fact. The reason of the decline, in the final analysis lies in the lack of innovation. Study the causes of deficiency of Heilongjiang province enterprise technology innovation ability, discusses promote Heilongjiang province enterprise technology innovation ability ascension path has important theoretical and realistic significance.
According to the research results of26large manufacturing enterprises in Heilongjiang province, the paper analyzes the object of study of general situation, industry structure, to the enterprise human resources situation and research institutes have a preliminary understanding. Although the business operators have recognized the importance of innovation, innovation spirit has become an important part of the “entrepreneurial spirit”, and at the same time, technical innovation has become an important part of enterprises’ core competitiveness. However the extent of the enterprise emphasizes on the innovation needs to be improved, the technical innovation still exist some deficiencies, mainly considering that the enterprise approach to innovation and innovation idea are not high, the technical innovation invests insufficiently, the brain drain is serious, and the ability of technical innovation is low.
Based on survey data, the paper DEA-Tobit two-step further under the framework of enterprise technology innovation ability of Heilongjiang province was evaluated, and its influence factors were analyzed. According to the evaluation of the results obtained most of the enterprise technology innovation efficiency of convergence, but there are two levels of differentiation; Enterprise's technology innovation efficiency reflects the strong features of increasing return to scale; Enterprise technology innovation efficiency and the profitability reflects the strong positive correlation; Industry is a significant difference between the efficiency of technology innovation; The type of property right has significant influence on technology innovation ability, etc. And influence factors analysis of the results shows: enterprise size and efficiency of technological innovation, there is no direct link; Human resources improvement have significant positive influence on the efficiency of the technology innovation; Collaborative innovation's influence on the technological innovation efficiency has a significant role in promoting; Appeared with the trend of diminishing marginal returns of scientific research resources, etc.
And handling of large companies to adopt large-scale survey in a different way, in this paper, the capability of technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises took the delicate way of case analysis. Through the analysis of the sen eagle group found that the learning process of self-perfection and breeding process of competitive advantage is not a linear process of knowledge accumulation. From a strategic level, entrepreneur spirit is the soul of a organizational culture, organizational culture is the enterprise strategic decision factor; Look from the organizational level, refining the recessive knowledge and organizational practices, building dynamic ability of organization, the dynamic ability of organization is a unique enterprise core competitiveness; Look from the operating level, through condensation complementary assets, building industry, strategic alliance, and integration of the supply chain.
According to the results of econometric and case analysis, this paper think that in order to achieve the purpose of the promotion enterprise technology innovation capability in Heilongjiang province, the future of the government policy to encourage enterprise independent innovation activities should not be on the basis of enterprise scale, but in order to improve the quality of human resources as the core goal, to improve the "government-corporate-university" innovation network as the core, through collaborative innovation. From this perspective, the paper put forward from the perspective of knowledge sharing, collaborative innovation ability of the enterprise technology innovation strategy in Heilongjiang province.
引文
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