爆炸荷载作用下饱和土及准饱和土中隧道的瞬态动力响应研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的高速增长和城市化进程的加速,为了缓解地面交通的压力,各大城市都开始积极的新建地铁。地铁隧道在给人们带来巨大交通便利的同时,也存在一定的负面效应,其密闭的环境常会成为恐怖爆炸袭击和意外爆炸事故的频发场所。地下交通系统空间小、通风条件差,一旦受到爆炸荷载的冲击,往往造成惨重的人员伤亡和重大经济损失。由于地铁一般修建在沿海经济发达地区的城市中,沿海城市地铁隧道多埋置在饱和土和准饱和体中,因此研究土体中爆炸波的传播规律以及爆炸荷载作用下饱和土和准饱和土体中埋置的地下隧道的灾变机理具有非常重要的意义,以便采取必要的防护措施降低爆炸荷载对地下结构的破坏作用。
本文采用解析法研究了爆炸荷载作用下土体中埋置隧道的瞬态动力响应,研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
本文首先研究了饱和土体中埋置的隧道在爆炸荷载下的瞬态动力响应,建立了计算隧道动力响应的模型,假设圆形隧道中心处发生爆炸,采用Biot波动方程模拟饱和土体,爆炸荷载采用峰值递减的三段突加三角形荷载形式,并引入基于Flugge壳体理论的衬砌运动方程,采用Laplace积分变换,在变换域中得到了饱和土体中隧道的动力响应解答。利用Laplace数值逆变换得到时域中的结果,通过算例给出了爆炸荷载作用下隧道的位移、环向应力和孔压的响应,并分析了饱和土体参数、衬砌的相对刚度和相对厚度对响应的影响。
接着,本文研究了粘弹性土体中埋置的隧道在爆炸荷载下的瞬态动力响应。采用Biot波动方程模拟饱和土体,将土骨架视为Kelvin-Voigt体,并考虑了衬砌的运动方程,利用Laplace积分变换与数值逆变换,得到了隧道响应在时域中的结果,通过算例给出了反映饱和土体渗透性的参数b*对响应的影响,并与单相介质进行了对比,分析了粘滞阻尼系数对土体响应的影响,最后给出了两种粘弹性饱和土中响应的时程曲线,对比分析了不同模型参数和排水条件的影响。
最后,研究了准饱和土体中埋置的半封闭隧道在爆炸荷载下的瞬态动力响应问题。文中对比了混合物理论和Biot理论的异同,推导了基于VB理论的准饱和土控制方程。计算模型中,考虑了衬砌的运动方程,引入衬砌的无量纲渗透参数来描述半封闭隧道,采用Laplace积分变换,在变换域中得到了准饱和土体中隧道的动力响应的解答。利用Laplace数值逆变换得到时域中的结果,进而通过算例给出了不同饱和度情况下准饱和土中隧道的位移、环向应力和孔压随无量纲时间和径向距离的变化曲线,并讨论了在不同衬砌的相对渗透性参数情况下准饱和土中响应时程曲线和影响范围曲线的变化规律。
With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, major cities are beginning to build new subways in order to alleviate the stress of ground transportation. Subway tunnel brings huge transport facilities to people, but there are some negative effects in the same time. The internal enclosed environment of subway will provide the favorable conditions for terrorist bomb attack and accidental explosion. The space of underground transportation system is always small and poor ventilation. Once a blast occurs in the tunnel, it will cause serious casualties and great economic losses. As the general subways are build in the coastal developed cities, the main subways in coastal cities are always embedded in saturated soil and partially saturated soil. So the study of blast wave propagation in the soil and dynamic response of underground tunnel in saturated soil and partially saturated soil under blast loads are very important, which is used to take protective measures to reduce the destructive effects of underground structures.
In this paper, analytical method is used to study dynamic transient response of buried tunnel in the soil under blast loads. The study mainly includes the following aspects:
Firstly, the transient dynamic response of buried tunnel in saturated soil under blast load is studied. Assuming that the blast occurs in the center of the tunnel, a model is established using decrease three-stage triangle loads. The motions of the. liner are considered specially based on Fliigge theory. Biot's theory is used to describe saturated soil. The analytical solutions of displacement and hoop stress induced by the blast loads are derived using Laplace transforms. Numerical results are obtained by inversion of Laplace transforms, such as the curve of displacement, hoop stress and pore water pressure with time. The influence of saturated soil parameters, the relative stiffness and thickness of the linear are emphatically analyzed.
Secondly, the transient dynamic response of buried tunnel in viscoelastic soil under blast load is studied. Biot's theory is used to describe saturated soil and Kelvin-Voigt model is for soil skeleton. The motions of the liner are considered specially based on Fliigge theory. By introducing potential functions, numerical results are obtained by using the Laplace transforms and inversion of Laplace transforms. The curves of displacement and hoop stress with time for different b* on the interface between the liner and soil are presented. The influences of viscous damping coefficient are emphatically analyzed in viscoelastic saturated soil. At last, the curves of displacement and hoop stress with time of two different viscoelastic medium are given, and the influences of different model and boundary conditions are analyzed.
At last, the transient dynamic response of buried tunnel in partially saturated soil under blast load is studied. The similarities and differences between Biot's theory and mixture theory are compared. The control equation of partially saturated soil based on VB theory is derived. In the calculation model, the motions of the liner are considered specially based on Flugge theory. The dimensionless permeability parameter of linear is introduced to describe the semi-enclosed tunnel. The analytical solutions of displacement and hoop stress induced by the blast loads are derived using Laplace transforms. Numerical results are obtained by inversion of Laplace transforms and the curves of displacement and hoop stress with time on the interface between the liner and soil are presented, and as also the curves of displacement and hoop stress with the distance rising. The influence of different degree of saturation to the response is analyzed and the variation of different permeability parameter of the liner is discussed in partially saturated soil.
本文采用解析法研究了爆炸荷载作用下土体中埋置隧道的瞬态动力响应,研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
本文首先研究了饱和土体中埋置的隧道在爆炸荷载下的瞬态动力响应,建立了计算隧道动力响应的模型,假设圆形隧道中心处发生爆炸,采用Biot波动方程模拟饱和土体,爆炸荷载采用峰值递减的三段突加三角形荷载形式,并引入基于Flugge壳体理论的衬砌运动方程,采用Laplace积分变换,在变换域中得到了饱和土体中隧道的动力响应解答。利用Laplace数值逆变换得到时域中的结果,通过算例给出了爆炸荷载作用下隧道的位移、环向应力和孔压的响应,并分析了饱和土体参数、衬砌的相对刚度和相对厚度对响应的影响。
接着,本文研究了粘弹性土体中埋置的隧道在爆炸荷载下的瞬态动力响应。采用Biot波动方程模拟饱和土体,将土骨架视为Kelvin-Voigt体,并考虑了衬砌的运动方程,利用Laplace积分变换与数值逆变换,得到了隧道响应在时域中的结果,通过算例给出了反映饱和土体渗透性的参数b*对响应的影响,并与单相介质进行了对比,分析了粘滞阻尼系数对土体响应的影响,最后给出了两种粘弹性饱和土中响应的时程曲线,对比分析了不同模型参数和排水条件的影响。
最后,研究了准饱和土体中埋置的半封闭隧道在爆炸荷载下的瞬态动力响应问题。文中对比了混合物理论和Biot理论的异同,推导了基于VB理论的准饱和土控制方程。计算模型中,考虑了衬砌的运动方程,引入衬砌的无量纲渗透参数来描述半封闭隧道,采用Laplace积分变换,在变换域中得到了准饱和土体中隧道的动力响应的解答。利用Laplace数值逆变换得到时域中的结果,进而通过算例给出了不同饱和度情况下准饱和土中隧道的位移、环向应力和孔压随无量纲时间和径向距离的变化曲线,并讨论了在不同衬砌的相对渗透性参数情况下准饱和土中响应时程曲线和影响范围曲线的变化规律。
With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, major cities are beginning to build new subways in order to alleviate the stress of ground transportation. Subway tunnel brings huge transport facilities to people, but there are some negative effects in the same time. The internal enclosed environment of subway will provide the favorable conditions for terrorist bomb attack and accidental explosion. The space of underground transportation system is always small and poor ventilation. Once a blast occurs in the tunnel, it will cause serious casualties and great economic losses. As the general subways are build in the coastal developed cities, the main subways in coastal cities are always embedded in saturated soil and partially saturated soil. So the study of blast wave propagation in the soil and dynamic response of underground tunnel in saturated soil and partially saturated soil under blast loads are very important, which is used to take protective measures to reduce the destructive effects of underground structures.
In this paper, analytical method is used to study dynamic transient response of buried tunnel in the soil under blast loads. The study mainly includes the following aspects:
Firstly, the transient dynamic response of buried tunnel in saturated soil under blast load is studied. Assuming that the blast occurs in the center of the tunnel, a model is established using decrease three-stage triangle loads. The motions of the. liner are considered specially based on Fliigge theory. Biot's theory is used to describe saturated soil. The analytical solutions of displacement and hoop stress induced by the blast loads are derived using Laplace transforms. Numerical results are obtained by inversion of Laplace transforms, such as the curve of displacement, hoop stress and pore water pressure with time. The influence of saturated soil parameters, the relative stiffness and thickness of the linear are emphatically analyzed.
Secondly, the transient dynamic response of buried tunnel in viscoelastic soil under blast load is studied. Biot's theory is used to describe saturated soil and Kelvin-Voigt model is for soil skeleton. The motions of the liner are considered specially based on Fliigge theory. By introducing potential functions, numerical results are obtained by using the Laplace transforms and inversion of Laplace transforms. The curves of displacement and hoop stress with time for different b* on the interface between the liner and soil are presented. The influences of viscous damping coefficient are emphatically analyzed in viscoelastic saturated soil. At last, the curves of displacement and hoop stress with time of two different viscoelastic medium are given, and the influences of different model and boundary conditions are analyzed.
At last, the transient dynamic response of buried tunnel in partially saturated soil under blast load is studied. The similarities and differences between Biot's theory and mixture theory are compared. The control equation of partially saturated soil based on VB theory is derived. In the calculation model, the motions of the liner are considered specially based on Flugge theory. The dimensionless permeability parameter of linear is introduced to describe the semi-enclosed tunnel. The analytical solutions of displacement and hoop stress induced by the blast loads are derived using Laplace transforms. Numerical results are obtained by inversion of Laplace transforms and the curves of displacement and hoop stress with time on the interface between the liner and soil are presented, and as also the curves of displacement and hoop stress with the distance rising. The influence of different degree of saturation to the response is analyzed and the variation of different permeability parameter of the liner is discussed in partially saturated soil.
引文
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