类水滑石薄膜的制备及其光控浸润性能研究
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摘要
层状双羟基复合金属氧化物(LDHs)作为一种阴离子型层状功能材料,广泛应用于国民经济多个领域,如作为新型高性能催化材料、吸附材料、分离材料、功能性助剂材料、生物材料、医药材料等。如将这种具有巨大应用价值的LDHs材料薄膜化、固定化,或者多功能化,将会在光、电、磁等领域有着更为广阔的应用前景。因此,开发和拓展LDHs薄膜的新功能是一个十分重要的课题。
首先本论文合成了一种带有疏水基团—OCF_3的偶氮苯衍生物(CF3AZO),能够在不同波长的光照下进行可逆的顺反构型转换。然后,以阳极氧化处理的铝片为基体,采用原位生长技术,制备得到垂直取向单层NiAl-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs薄膜,进一步用自制的偶氮苯衍生物的盐溶液进行表面改性后,得到光响应浸润性能可逆转变的NiAl-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs/CF3AZO单层薄膜。
基于水滑石特有的超分子插层结构及主客体可调变性,采用相同的生长技术,在阳极氧化处理的铝基体上,制备层间阴离子为NO_3~-的ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs薄膜,考察了制备条件对前体薄膜晶体结构和形貌的影响,并将偶氮苯(CF3AZO)阴离子表面活性剂插入LDHs层间,得到有机—无机杂化ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs薄膜,表面形貌与ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs前体薄膜形貌基本相似。交替进行可见光和紫外光照射,薄膜表面的浸润性能在超疏水和亲水之间可逆转换。在不同光照处理后,随着时间延长,水滴在薄膜表面的超疏水性能得到保持,亲水性能增强。研究发现制备的水滑石薄膜的纳微复合结构,大大加强了ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs的超疏水性能和亲水性能。
最后,本论文考察了ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs薄膜的耐光、热性能,并建立了CF3AZO插层LDHs可能的超分子结构模型。CF3AZO插层进入ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs薄膜后,客体阴离子与主体层板之间以及客体与客体之间存在着多种化学相互作用,使得ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs薄膜的光、热稳定性能都得到了有效的提高。
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as anionic or hydrotalcite-like clays, are currently of intense academic and industrial research interests, in part, because of their properties as catalysis and catalyst precursors, adsorption, separation, biology and medicine materials. Filming or immobilizing LDHs materials will enlarge their usability in optic, electrical, magnetical fields. It should be possible to develop new applications of such LDHs films.
The functional organic molecule CF3AZO used in this study was synthesized beforehand, which is known to undergo isomerization to the cis-isomer on UV irradiation. The isomerization is reversed by irradiation with visible light and there is a significant difference between the dipole moments (μ) of trans- (lowμ) and cis- (highμ) azobenzene isomers. Then, oriented NiAl-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs films with curved hexagonal microstructure have been prepared by the in situ crystallization in a closed hydrothermal system without use of any adscititious aluminium source and shape-directed surfactant on porous anodic alumina/aluminium (PAO/Al) substrate. The surface micro/nano-structure of the resulting LDHs films can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the crystallization temperature and time. After simple surface modification, the re-treated films under certain condition have found to exhibit photo controlled wettability.
By taking advantage of the most attractive feature of LDHs viz. the ability to modify the properties of a film by intercalation of other functional anions by anion-exchange with anions, CF3AZO-intercalated ZnAl layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs) hybrid films have been prepared on PA0/A1 substrates by one step anion-exchange with ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs precursor films under mild conditions. After intercalation of CF3AZO~- anions, the morphology of the resulting hybrid film was similar to that of the precursor film, but there is some agglomeration of crystallites. The photosensitive wetting properties of the ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs hybrid films were evaluated by means of water contact angle measurement. The water contact angle of the as-prepared film was a superhydrophobic surface, whereas after UV irradiation the contact angle was hydrophilic. Subsequent irradiation with visible light led to the water contact angle being restored to the original value.
The effects of intercalation on the thermo-stability and photo-stability of the guest species were investigated using a variety of physicochemical techniques. The ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs functional hybrid film exhibited superior thermo- and photo-stability to the pristine CF3AZO and to a CF3 AZO-surface modified film, possibly resulting from a complex network of supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding between the host layers and guest anions in the intercalated structure.
首先本论文合成了一种带有疏水基团—OCF_3的偶氮苯衍生物(CF3AZO),能够在不同波长的光照下进行可逆的顺反构型转换。然后,以阳极氧化处理的铝片为基体,采用原位生长技术,制备得到垂直取向单层NiAl-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs薄膜,进一步用自制的偶氮苯衍生物的盐溶液进行表面改性后,得到光响应浸润性能可逆转变的NiAl-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs/CF3AZO单层薄膜。
基于水滑石特有的超分子插层结构及主客体可调变性,采用相同的生长技术,在阳极氧化处理的铝基体上,制备层间阴离子为NO_3~-的ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs薄膜,考察了制备条件对前体薄膜晶体结构和形貌的影响,并将偶氮苯(CF3AZO)阴离子表面活性剂插入LDHs层间,得到有机—无机杂化ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs薄膜,表面形貌与ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs前体薄膜形貌基本相似。交替进行可见光和紫外光照射,薄膜表面的浸润性能在超疏水和亲水之间可逆转换。在不同光照处理后,随着时间延长,水滴在薄膜表面的超疏水性能得到保持,亲水性能增强。研究发现制备的水滑石薄膜的纳微复合结构,大大加强了ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs的超疏水性能和亲水性能。
最后,本论文考察了ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs薄膜的耐光、热性能,并建立了CF3AZO插层LDHs可能的超分子结构模型。CF3AZO插层进入ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs薄膜后,客体阴离子与主体层板之间以及客体与客体之间存在着多种化学相互作用,使得ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs薄膜的光、热稳定性能都得到了有效的提高。
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as anionic or hydrotalcite-like clays, are currently of intense academic and industrial research interests, in part, because of their properties as catalysis and catalyst precursors, adsorption, separation, biology and medicine materials. Filming or immobilizing LDHs materials will enlarge their usability in optic, electrical, magnetical fields. It should be possible to develop new applications of such LDHs films.
The functional organic molecule CF3AZO used in this study was synthesized beforehand, which is known to undergo isomerization to the cis-isomer on UV irradiation. The isomerization is reversed by irradiation with visible light and there is a significant difference between the dipole moments (μ) of trans- (lowμ) and cis- (highμ) azobenzene isomers. Then, oriented NiAl-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs films with curved hexagonal microstructure have been prepared by the in situ crystallization in a closed hydrothermal system without use of any adscititious aluminium source and shape-directed surfactant on porous anodic alumina/aluminium (PAO/Al) substrate. The surface micro/nano-structure of the resulting LDHs films can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the crystallization temperature and time. After simple surface modification, the re-treated films under certain condition have found to exhibit photo controlled wettability.
By taking advantage of the most attractive feature of LDHs viz. the ability to modify the properties of a film by intercalation of other functional anions by anion-exchange with anions, CF3AZO-intercalated ZnAl layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs) hybrid films have been prepared on PA0/A1 substrates by one step anion-exchange with ZnAl-NO_3~--LDHs precursor films under mild conditions. After intercalation of CF3AZO~- anions, the morphology of the resulting hybrid film was similar to that of the precursor film, but there is some agglomeration of crystallites. The photosensitive wetting properties of the ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs hybrid films were evaluated by means of water contact angle measurement. The water contact angle of the as-prepared film was a superhydrophobic surface, whereas after UV irradiation the contact angle was hydrophilic. Subsequent irradiation with visible light led to the water contact angle being restored to the original value.
The effects of intercalation on the thermo-stability and photo-stability of the guest species were investigated using a variety of physicochemical techniques. The ZnAl-CF3AZO-LDHs functional hybrid film exhibited superior thermo- and photo-stability to the pristine CF3AZO and to a CF3 AZO-surface modified film, possibly resulting from a complex network of supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding between the host layers and guest anions in the intercalated structure.
引文
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