紧凑重频脉冲导引磁场电源的研究
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摘要
采用重频脉冲磁场作为重频高功率微波源的导引磁场,该磁场的初级能源具有功耗低、发热量小、结构紧凑等优点,符合当代高功率微波装置朝紧凑化、重频方向的发展要求,近年来在国内外受到了广泛关注。本文通过对产生磁场的螺线管、初级能源(为螺线管供电)的功率电路和智能控制系统三个关键子系统进行理论分析、工程设计和实验研究,完整地提出了脉冲磁场的设计方法和步骤,并研制出一台平均输出功率达4.65kW的磁场初级能源,利用它为实验室某Ka波段返波管(BWO)的螺线管脉冲放电,可获得所需的2.21T的峰值磁场,在10Hz重频下运行稳定可靠。本文的研究结果对重频脉冲磁场在低重频高功率微波领域的应用具有一定的指导意义。论文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
1.分析了螺线管的设计
和直流磁场不同,脉冲磁场需要考虑微波管的涡流损耗问题。对产生重频脉冲磁场的电路进行了简单分析。从产生重频脉冲磁场的电流表达式出发,根据涡流损耗不能太大、品质因数要高和电容储能要小的原则,给出了脉冲磁场产生系统的储能电容和充电电压的最优设计方法,最后举例说明了螺线管的设计方法。
2.对初级能源的功率电路部分进行了详细的研究
初级能源对螺线管重频脉冲放电,故要求其充电速度快,能量效率高。本文首先通过对电容器充电方式的简单分析,得出了高频恒流充电充电速度快,能量利用效率高。对几种常见的高频恒流充电方式进行了介绍和比较,选取了串联谐振恒流充电电路作为初级能源的电路工作方式,再从理论上利用等效电路模型推导了恒流充电电流的表达式。对设计的功率电路工作过程进行了理论分析,对电路的相关参数进行了公式的推导,给出了电路参数的设计方法和设计实例。最后,对变压器的设计进行了介绍。
3.对智能控制系统进行了介绍
对智能控制系统的工作原理进行了简单的分析,给出了硬件系统的工作框图和软件流程图,对主控板上的主要子电路进行了介绍,讨论了抗干扰措施。随后对触发板电路工作原理进行了分析,最后简单介绍了软件系统的设计。
4.重频脉冲磁场系统的实验研究
开展了初级能源的低压和高压的电路仿真和实验研究,最后研制出一台结构紧凑的初级能源,输出电压在0-2.5kV范围内可调,最大平均输出功率达4.65kW,达到了设计要求。利用第二章设计的螺线管,在储能电容C=200μF、充电电压U=1350V时,能输出脉冲峰值电流750A,对应2.21T的导引磁场,重频10Hz下运行稳定可靠。
Some repetitive high-power microwave sources adopting the rep-rate pulsed magnetic field can reduce the energy consumption of the solenoid, decrease heating and make it more compact. It conforms to modern high-power microwave (HPM) of being compact and repetitive. Nowadays, rep-rate pulsed magnetic field has attracted extensive attention. In this thesis, the method to design rep-rate pulsed magnetic fields is obtained and a Primary energy source which the average power can reach 4.65kW is developed based on the theoretical analyses, engineering designs and experimental investigations of the three key subsystems:solenoid which can produce magnetic fields, power circuit of Primary energy source and intelligent controller system (ICS). Based on it, with the designed solenoid, the magnetic fields can reach 2.21T which is perfect for Ka-BWO. The research results set basis for the wide application of rep-rate pulsed magnetic fields to repetitive HPM. The main content of this dissertation is presented as follows:
1. The design of solenoid is presented
Pulsed magnetic field needs to take the eddy current loss of micromave tube into account, so it is different from the direct current magnetic fields. The circuit which can output repetitive HPM has been analyzed. The paper started from the expression of current which producing the pulsing magnetic fields. The design is based on the following principle:the eddy current loss, capacitive energy store and circuit energy consumption couldn't be too more. The optimization of the capacitive storage and its voltage for pulsing magnetic fields producing system are designed. At last, the design method of solenoid is presented by an example.
2. The power circuit of Primary energy source is investigated in detail.
Primary energy source which affords energy for solenoid should have fast charging rate and high efficiency. Three familiar charging methods for capacitor are analyzed and discussed, high frequency and constant circuit charging method which has fast rate and high efficiency is suitable for the demand. Several high frequency and constant circuit charging method are presented and contrast, series resonant constant current charging circuit is selected for Primary energy source. Constant current expression is deduced by an equivalent circuit model for series resonant topologies. The main power circuit has been analyzed theoretically and the correlative parameter of circuit is deduced. The design method of the circuit parameter is given and a designed example is present. At last, the design of high frequency transformer is introduced simply.
3. The design of ICS is presented
The working principle of ICS is analyzed and discussed. The framework for hardware system and flow chart for software are presented. The main chips in master control panel are introduced simply, and the anti-jamming measure is discussed in stress. The working principle of trigger circuit is analyzed in detail. At last the design of software system is introduced simply.
4. The designed RHPM system is experimentally investigated
Simulation and experiments of low voltage and high voltage on Primary energy source have been conducted. A compact Primary energy source with output voltage 0-2.5kV and average power 4.65kW is developed, and it is experimentally investigated across a 200μF energy store capacitor and 1350V charging voltage, at 10 Hz repetition rate, the output can reach 750A peak value pulsed current which can bring 2.21T leading magnetic fields.
1.分析了螺线管的设计
和直流磁场不同,脉冲磁场需要考虑微波管的涡流损耗问题。对产生重频脉冲磁场的电路进行了简单分析。从产生重频脉冲磁场的电流表达式出发,根据涡流损耗不能太大、品质因数要高和电容储能要小的原则,给出了脉冲磁场产生系统的储能电容和充电电压的最优设计方法,最后举例说明了螺线管的设计方法。
2.对初级能源的功率电路部分进行了详细的研究
初级能源对螺线管重频脉冲放电,故要求其充电速度快,能量效率高。本文首先通过对电容器充电方式的简单分析,得出了高频恒流充电充电速度快,能量利用效率高。对几种常见的高频恒流充电方式进行了介绍和比较,选取了串联谐振恒流充电电路作为初级能源的电路工作方式,再从理论上利用等效电路模型推导了恒流充电电流的表达式。对设计的功率电路工作过程进行了理论分析,对电路的相关参数进行了公式的推导,给出了电路参数的设计方法和设计实例。最后,对变压器的设计进行了介绍。
3.对智能控制系统进行了介绍
对智能控制系统的工作原理进行了简单的分析,给出了硬件系统的工作框图和软件流程图,对主控板上的主要子电路进行了介绍,讨论了抗干扰措施。随后对触发板电路工作原理进行了分析,最后简单介绍了软件系统的设计。
4.重频脉冲磁场系统的实验研究
开展了初级能源的低压和高压的电路仿真和实验研究,最后研制出一台结构紧凑的初级能源,输出电压在0-2.5kV范围内可调,最大平均输出功率达4.65kW,达到了设计要求。利用第二章设计的螺线管,在储能电容C=200μF、充电电压U=1350V时,能输出脉冲峰值电流750A,对应2.21T的导引磁场,重频10Hz下运行稳定可靠。
Some repetitive high-power microwave sources adopting the rep-rate pulsed magnetic field can reduce the energy consumption of the solenoid, decrease heating and make it more compact. It conforms to modern high-power microwave (HPM) of being compact and repetitive. Nowadays, rep-rate pulsed magnetic field has attracted extensive attention. In this thesis, the method to design rep-rate pulsed magnetic fields is obtained and a Primary energy source which the average power can reach 4.65kW is developed based on the theoretical analyses, engineering designs and experimental investigations of the three key subsystems:solenoid which can produce magnetic fields, power circuit of Primary energy source and intelligent controller system (ICS). Based on it, with the designed solenoid, the magnetic fields can reach 2.21T which is perfect for Ka-BWO. The research results set basis for the wide application of rep-rate pulsed magnetic fields to repetitive HPM. The main content of this dissertation is presented as follows:
1. The design of solenoid is presented
Pulsed magnetic field needs to take the eddy current loss of micromave tube into account, so it is different from the direct current magnetic fields. The circuit which can output repetitive HPM has been analyzed. The paper started from the expression of current which producing the pulsing magnetic fields. The design is based on the following principle:the eddy current loss, capacitive energy store and circuit energy consumption couldn't be too more. The optimization of the capacitive storage and its voltage for pulsing magnetic fields producing system are designed. At last, the design method of solenoid is presented by an example.
2. The power circuit of Primary energy source is investigated in detail.
Primary energy source which affords energy for solenoid should have fast charging rate and high efficiency. Three familiar charging methods for capacitor are analyzed and discussed, high frequency and constant circuit charging method which has fast rate and high efficiency is suitable for the demand. Several high frequency and constant circuit charging method are presented and contrast, series resonant constant current charging circuit is selected for Primary energy source. Constant current expression is deduced by an equivalent circuit model for series resonant topologies. The main power circuit has been analyzed theoretically and the correlative parameter of circuit is deduced. The design method of the circuit parameter is given and a designed example is present. At last, the design of high frequency transformer is introduced simply.
3. The design of ICS is presented
The working principle of ICS is analyzed and discussed. The framework for hardware system and flow chart for software are presented. The main chips in master control panel are introduced simply, and the anti-jamming measure is discussed in stress. The working principle of trigger circuit is analyzed in detail. At last the design of software system is introduced simply.
4. The designed RHPM system is experimentally investigated
Simulation and experiments of low voltage and high voltage on Primary energy source have been conducted. A compact Primary energy source with output voltage 0-2.5kV and average power 4.65kW is developed, and it is experimentally investigated across a 200μF energy store capacitor and 1350V charging voltage, at 10 Hz repetition rate, the output can reach 750A peak value pulsed current which can bring 2.21T leading magnetic fields.
引文
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