高速铁路轨道平顺性测量相关技术问题的研究
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摘要
目前,中国已投入运营的高速铁路里程已达到7000多公里,同时还有1万余公里高速铁路(时速250公里以上)在建。高速铁路行车速度快,要求轨道的平顺性好。为了确保轨道的平顺性满足高速行车的要求,目前的通用方法是在精测网的控制下,通过轨检小车实测轨道平顺性的各项参数,并与设计参数进行比较,再通过轨道精调使轨道的平顺性各项参数满足设计要求。衡量轨道平顺性的参数有哪些,以及如何测量与计算,是轨检小车设计与制造的关键技术。因此,本文针对轨道平顺性测量的相关技术进行研究,具有现实的意义。
本文首先研究传统轨道平顺性各项参数的测量原理与计算方法,接着详细研讨现代轨道平顺性各项参数的测量方法和计算模型,主要包括德国和中国对轨向及高低这两个重要参数的评价标准和计算方法。最后根据所推导的数学模型和计算方法计算了一段轨道实测数据,并与某轨检小车的计算结果进行比对,以验证所推导数学模型和计算方法的正确性和可行性。
本文的主要学术贡献在于以下两点：1)介绍了如何通过CPⅢ控制网下的实测坐标关联轨道的设计里程及其设计参数,以及如何根据轨道的实测坐标计算轨道中心线的坐标；2)通过比较德国和中国轨向和高低的计算方法与结果,认为两种方法具有各自的优势,可以互补,为了充分真实地反映轨道的轨向和高低,轨检时应该使用两种方法进行评价与分析。
At present, China having been put into operation high-speed railway mileage has reached more than 7000km, as well as ten thousand kilometers of high-speed railway (250km per hour or more) under construction. High-speed railway traffic speed, requiring Track Regularity better. In order to ensure that the ride track meet the demands of high speed traffic, currently is the general way in precision measuring network control, by track inspection car track ride the parameters measured, and compare to design parameters and fine tuning makes the track by track by ride the parameters meet the design requirements. Measuring rail ride what are parameters? How these parameters and the definition of measurement and calculation? Is key to design and manufacture of rail detecting car technology, therefore this article related to rail ride comfort measurement technique to study with real-world significance.
This first study on the traditional track measuring principle and calculation method of ride comfort parameters, Went on to discuss in detail modern rail ride comfort measurement method of ride comfort and track various parameters of the calculation model, Rail that is involved in important parameters both high and low orbit and to ride Germany's standard and calculation methods and standards in China and its calculation method, The last calculated based on the mathematical model and calculation method for the derivation of the parameters of the section of track test track ride, And than on the results of a calculation of track inspection car, to verify the correctness and the feasibility of the mathematical model and calculation method of derivation.
Main scholarly contribution is this article the following two points:1) Describes how to CPIII measured under control network coordinates associated with mileage of track design and its design parameters, and how the track measured coordinates calculation of coordinates of the track centre line;2) By comparing Germany and alignment and high and low calculation method and results in China, the two methods have their own advantages, can complement one another, in order to fully truly reflect the track alignment and high and low, track inspection should be used for evaluation and analysis of two methods.
本文首先研究传统轨道平顺性各项参数的测量原理与计算方法,接着详细研讨现代轨道平顺性各项参数的测量方法和计算模型,主要包括德国和中国对轨向及高低这两个重要参数的评价标准和计算方法。最后根据所推导的数学模型和计算方法计算了一段轨道实测数据,并与某轨检小车的计算结果进行比对,以验证所推导数学模型和计算方法的正确性和可行性。
本文的主要学术贡献在于以下两点：1)介绍了如何通过CPⅢ控制网下的实测坐标关联轨道的设计里程及其设计参数,以及如何根据轨道的实测坐标计算轨道中心线的坐标；2)通过比较德国和中国轨向和高低的计算方法与结果,认为两种方法具有各自的优势,可以互补,为了充分真实地反映轨道的轨向和高低,轨检时应该使用两种方法进行评价与分析。
At present, China having been put into operation high-speed railway mileage has reached more than 7000km, as well as ten thousand kilometers of high-speed railway (250km per hour or more) under construction. High-speed railway traffic speed, requiring Track Regularity better. In order to ensure that the ride track meet the demands of high speed traffic, currently is the general way in precision measuring network control, by track inspection car track ride the parameters measured, and compare to design parameters and fine tuning makes the track by track by ride the parameters meet the design requirements. Measuring rail ride what are parameters? How these parameters and the definition of measurement and calculation? Is key to design and manufacture of rail detecting car technology, therefore this article related to rail ride comfort measurement technique to study with real-world significance.
This first study on the traditional track measuring principle and calculation method of ride comfort parameters, Went on to discuss in detail modern rail ride comfort measurement method of ride comfort and track various parameters of the calculation model, Rail that is involved in important parameters both high and low orbit and to ride Germany's standard and calculation methods and standards in China and its calculation method, The last calculated based on the mathematical model and calculation method for the derivation of the parameters of the section of track test track ride, And than on the results of a calculation of track inspection car, to verify the correctness and the feasibility of the mathematical model and calculation method of derivation.
Main scholarly contribution is this article the following two points:1) Describes how to CPIII measured under control network coordinates associated with mileage of track design and its design parameters, and how the track measured coordinates calculation of coordinates of the track centre line;2) By comparing Germany and alignment and high and low calculation method and results in China, the two methods have their own advantages, can complement one another, in order to fully truly reflect the track alignment and high and low, track inspection should be used for evaluation and analysis of two methods.
引文
[1]肖明.4万公里快速铁路网冲刺[EB/OL].[2010-09-29].http://www.21cbh.com/ HTML/2010-9-30/OMMDAwMDE50TcOMQ.html.
[2]百度集团.轨检车[EB/OL].[2010-02-14].http://baike.baidu.com/view/15300 96.htm.
[3]郑子天.客运专线轨检仪研制过程中的关键算法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士毕业论文.2009：1-2.
[4]辛维克.我国客运专线铁路工程测量技术的发展与展望[J].铁道工程学报,2008(z1)：87-93.
[5]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,西南交通大学.SGJ-T-CEC-1型轨道检测轨检仪研制技术报告[R].2009：1-19.
[6]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,西南交通大学.SGJ-T-CEC-Ⅰ型轨道检测轨检仪使用说明书[R].2009：1-14.
[7]王成.无砟轨道平顺性控制技术探讨[J].铁道标准设计,2009(增刊)：57-59.
[8]袁长卿,高月婷.轨道不平顺性对高速铁路的影响[J].铁道建筑技术,2007(增)：109-112.
[9]中华人民共和国铁道部.TBT1924-2008标准轨距铁路轨距尺[S].中国计量出版社,2008.
[10]王彦春.铁路轨距尺的主要技术问题与对策[J].铁道技术监督.2008(4)：22-24.
[11]史颖刚.智能轨道检测仪的数学建模及其误差分析[D].太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文.2006：3-9.
[12]李大勇.GJY轨检仪性能优化及干扰信息处理技术研究[D].南昌大学硕士学位论文.2006：1-11.
[13]娄继冰.铁路轨道参数检测及其数据处理技术研究[D].中南大学硕士学位论文.2007：1-15.
[14]杜鹤亭.长波长轨道不平顺检测中的数字滤波方法[J].中国铁道科学.2000,54(4)：58-65.
[15]朱洪涛,魏晖,熊瑞文,等.弦测法检测轨向不平顺的研究[J].铁道建筑,2005(10)：63-64.
[16]马小建,朱洪涛,熊瑞文,等.影响轨向不平顺检测精度的几个因素[J].南昌大学学报,2005,27(1)：12-16.
[17]蔡成标,王其昌.铁道扭曲不平顺安全限值的研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1994(3)：330-334.
[18]柴东明,刘伶萍,杜鹤亭,胡楚平.GJ-4型轨检车的检测原理(连载之一)[J].铁道建筑,1999(12)：32-34.
[19]柴东明,刘伶萍,杜鹤亭,胡楚平.GJ-4型轨检车的检测原理(连载之二)[J].铁道建筑,2000(1)：38-40.
[20]张未.GJ-4型轨道检查车的原理与应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[21]雷晓燕.列车通过轨道不平顺和刚度突变时对轨道振动的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2005,2(6)：1-8.
[22]柴东明,魏世斌,刘玲平,等.深圳地铁轨检车检测系统的研制[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(5)：140-143.
[23]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10601-2009高速铁路工程测量规范[S].中国铁道出版社,2009.
[24]金晓骆.浅谈提高轨检车动态检查质量[J].上海铁道科技,2006(4)：48-50.
[25]乔小雷.轨检车检测技术的比较研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2009(6)：33-39.
[26]铁道建筑研究所,北京控制工程研究所.惯性基准法轨道高低检测装置的研究[J].中国铁道科学,1979,1(1)：75-90.
[27]Leica Geosystems. Leica TCA2003[EB/OL]. [2010-02-14]. http://www.leica-ge-osystems.com.cn/product112.asp?11=1&12=1&13=2.
[28]刘新宇,肖传宇,吴勇.惯性基准高程测量方法在路面平整度检测中的应用[J].交通信息与安全,2009,151(5)：166-169.
[29]时瑾,彭修乾,鲍凤琪.轨道交通线路线形数据处理与仿真技术研究[J].系统仿真技术,2010,6(1)：11-18.
[30]龙京,应立军,贾文强.新型轨道静态几何参数检测仪的研制及应用[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2006(2)：74-78.
[31]朱洪涛,魏晖,熊瑞文,等.弦测法检测轨向不平顺的研究[J].铁道建筑,2005(10)：63-64.
[32]马小建,朱洪涛,熊瑞文,等.影响轨向不平顺检测精度的几个因素[J].南昌大学学报,2005,27(1)：12-16.
[33]张未,张步云.铁路跨区间无缝线路[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000.
[34]陈岳源.铁路轨道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994.
[35]Zhang Zhenglu, Deng Yong, Luo Changlin. A Method for Surveying Control Network Optimization Based on Reliability Properties[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2007,10(4).
[36]Trosino Michael, Yang Ta-Lun, Kelshaw Richard. Developments and applications in the Amtrak track geometry measurement car v 2458, p 165-172, 1995.
[37]Riessberger, Klaus. Looking for solutions with track measuring cars[J]. Railway Gazette International, v147, n6, p3, Jun.
[38]Popov, Dmitry V.Ryabichenko, Roman B.; Krivosheina, Elena A. Evaluation techniques of accuracy characteristics for non-contact photonic track inspection system[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5944, p 196-203,2005.
[39]Popov, Dmitry V.; Ryabichenko, Roman B. High speed imaging and processing for rail track inspection[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5580, p 367-375,2005,26th.
[40]Hu, Huafeng. Study on the determination method for stress-free temperature of CWR in ballastless track of passenger dedicated line[J]. China Railway Science, v 29, n 6, p 30-34, November 2008.
[41]Ikemori, Masayuki. STUDY OF TRACK MAINTENANCE FOR THE DERAILMENT DUE TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TRACK AND VEHICLE[J]. Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan), v 19, n 1, p 1-6,1978.
[42]Zhang zhenglu, Deng yong, Luo Changlin, et al. Influence of Atmospheric Refraction on Horizontal Angle Surveying[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2006,9(3).
[43]Zhang zhenglu, Luo Changlin, Deng yong,et al.Design of High Precision Horizontal Control Network for Large-Scale Hydropower Project[J] Geo-Spatial Information Science,2006,9(4).
[44]Lu Baixiang, Cen Minyi. A Problem in the Application of the Error Ellipsoid[J]. Survey Review,1993,32(250).
[45]Wang Zhongfeng. Comprehensive Study on the Estimation of the Variance Components of Traverse Nets[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2003,6(1).
[46]Ding Shijun, Tao Benzao. Generalized Penalized Least Squares and its Statitical Characteristics [J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2006,9(4).
[47]Shen Yunzhong,Liu Dajie. Unbiased Estimation Formula of Unit Weight Standard Deviation in Regularization Solution[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2004,7(3).
[48]Mikhail E M, Ackermann F. Observations and Least Squares[M]. New York:IEP,1976.
[49]王之卓.摄影测量原理.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2007.
[50]武汉大学测绘学院测量平差学科组.误差理论与测量平差基础[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[51]铁道部科学技术司.客运专线几何状态测量仪暂行技术条件[S].中国铁道出版社,2008.
[2]百度集团.轨检车[EB/OL].[2010-02-14].http://baike.baidu.com/view/15300 96.htm.
[3]郑子天.客运专线轨检仪研制过程中的关键算法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士毕业论文.2009：1-2.
[4]辛维克.我国客运专线铁路工程测量技术的发展与展望[J].铁道工程学报,2008(z1)：87-93.
[5]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,西南交通大学.SGJ-T-CEC-1型轨道检测轨检仪研制技术报告[R].2009：1-19.
[6]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,西南交通大学.SGJ-T-CEC-Ⅰ型轨道检测轨检仪使用说明书[R].2009：1-14.
[7]王成.无砟轨道平顺性控制技术探讨[J].铁道标准设计,2009(增刊)：57-59.
[8]袁长卿,高月婷.轨道不平顺性对高速铁路的影响[J].铁道建筑技术,2007(增)：109-112.
[9]中华人民共和国铁道部.TBT1924-2008标准轨距铁路轨距尺[S].中国计量出版社,2008.
[10]王彦春.铁路轨距尺的主要技术问题与对策[J].铁道技术监督.2008(4)：22-24.
[11]史颖刚.智能轨道检测仪的数学建模及其误差分析[D].太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文.2006：3-9.
[12]李大勇.GJY轨检仪性能优化及干扰信息处理技术研究[D].南昌大学硕士学位论文.2006：1-11.
[13]娄继冰.铁路轨道参数检测及其数据处理技术研究[D].中南大学硕士学位论文.2007：1-15.
[14]杜鹤亭.长波长轨道不平顺检测中的数字滤波方法[J].中国铁道科学.2000,54(4)：58-65.
[15]朱洪涛,魏晖,熊瑞文,等.弦测法检测轨向不平顺的研究[J].铁道建筑,2005(10)：63-64.
[16]马小建,朱洪涛,熊瑞文,等.影响轨向不平顺检测精度的几个因素[J].南昌大学学报,2005,27(1)：12-16.
[17]蔡成标,王其昌.铁道扭曲不平顺安全限值的研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1994(3)：330-334.
[18]柴东明,刘伶萍,杜鹤亭,胡楚平.GJ-4型轨检车的检测原理(连载之一)[J].铁道建筑,1999(12)：32-34.
[19]柴东明,刘伶萍,杜鹤亭,胡楚平.GJ-4型轨检车的检测原理(连载之二)[J].铁道建筑,2000(1)：38-40.
[20]张未.GJ-4型轨道检查车的原理与应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.
[21]雷晓燕.列车通过轨道不平顺和刚度突变时对轨道振动的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2005,2(6)：1-8.
[22]柴东明,魏世斌,刘玲平,等.深圳地铁轨检车检测系统的研制[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(5)：140-143.
[23]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10601-2009高速铁路工程测量规范[S].中国铁道出版社,2009.
[24]金晓骆.浅谈提高轨检车动态检查质量[J].上海铁道科技,2006(4)：48-50.
[25]乔小雷.轨检车检测技术的比较研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2009(6)：33-39.
[26]铁道建筑研究所,北京控制工程研究所.惯性基准法轨道高低检测装置的研究[J].中国铁道科学,1979,1(1)：75-90.
[27]Leica Geosystems. Leica TCA2003[EB/OL]. [2010-02-14]. http://www.leica-ge-osystems.com.cn/product112.asp?11=1&12=1&13=2.
[28]刘新宇,肖传宇,吴勇.惯性基准高程测量方法在路面平整度检测中的应用[J].交通信息与安全,2009,151(5)：166-169.
[29]时瑾,彭修乾,鲍凤琪.轨道交通线路线形数据处理与仿真技术研究[J].系统仿真技术,2010,6(1)：11-18.
[30]龙京,应立军,贾文强.新型轨道静态几何参数检测仪的研制及应用[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2006(2)：74-78.
[31]朱洪涛,魏晖,熊瑞文,等.弦测法检测轨向不平顺的研究[J].铁道建筑,2005(10)：63-64.
[32]马小建,朱洪涛,熊瑞文,等.影响轨向不平顺检测精度的几个因素[J].南昌大学学报,2005,27(1)：12-16.
[33]张未,张步云.铁路跨区间无缝线路[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000.
[34]陈岳源.铁路轨道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994.
[35]Zhang Zhenglu, Deng Yong, Luo Changlin. A Method for Surveying Control Network Optimization Based on Reliability Properties[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2007,10(4).
[36]Trosino Michael, Yang Ta-Lun, Kelshaw Richard. Developments and applications in the Amtrak track geometry measurement car v 2458, p 165-172, 1995.
[37]Riessberger, Klaus. Looking for solutions with track measuring cars[J]. Railway Gazette International, v147, n6, p3, Jun.
[38]Popov, Dmitry V.Ryabichenko, Roman B.; Krivosheina, Elena A. Evaluation techniques of accuracy characteristics for non-contact photonic track inspection system[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5944, p 196-203,2005.
[39]Popov, Dmitry V.; Ryabichenko, Roman B. High speed imaging and processing for rail track inspection[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5580, p 367-375,2005,26th.
[40]Hu, Huafeng. Study on the determination method for stress-free temperature of CWR in ballastless track of passenger dedicated line[J]. China Railway Science, v 29, n 6, p 30-34, November 2008.
[41]Ikemori, Masayuki. STUDY OF TRACK MAINTENANCE FOR THE DERAILMENT DUE TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TRACK AND VEHICLE[J]. Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan), v 19, n 1, p 1-6,1978.
[42]Zhang zhenglu, Deng yong, Luo Changlin, et al. Influence of Atmospheric Refraction on Horizontal Angle Surveying[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2006,9(3).
[43]Zhang zhenglu, Luo Changlin, Deng yong,et al.Design of High Precision Horizontal Control Network for Large-Scale Hydropower Project[J] Geo-Spatial Information Science,2006,9(4).
[44]Lu Baixiang, Cen Minyi. A Problem in the Application of the Error Ellipsoid[J]. Survey Review,1993,32(250).
[45]Wang Zhongfeng. Comprehensive Study on the Estimation of the Variance Components of Traverse Nets[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2003,6(1).
[46]Ding Shijun, Tao Benzao. Generalized Penalized Least Squares and its Statitical Characteristics [J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2006,9(4).
[47]Shen Yunzhong,Liu Dajie. Unbiased Estimation Formula of Unit Weight Standard Deviation in Regularization Solution[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science,2004,7(3).
[48]Mikhail E M, Ackermann F. Observations and Least Squares[M]. New York:IEP,1976.
[49]王之卓.摄影测量原理.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2007.
[50]武汉大学测绘学院测量平差学科组.误差理论与测量平差基础[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
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