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杂环稀土配合物的合成与催化性能研究
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摘要
本文首次合成了两种新型含噻唑和吡啶杂环的希夫碱化合物及其稀土金属配合物,表征了其结构,并将其应用于环状单体和烯烃类单体催化均聚合和共聚合;另外还合成了一类杂环稀土金属有机胺化合物,将其应用与极性烯烃类单体MMA的均聚合。系统讨论了稀土种类、聚合溶剂、聚合条件等对聚合反应的影响,表征了聚合物的结构与性能,并探讨了聚合反应的机理。
     在所合成的噻唑希夫碱稀土配合物中,其均配物Nd(DBTP)_3·2THF可以单组分催化ε-己内酯开环聚合,通过聚合行为的研究得到了聚合的最优条件为[CL]/[Nd]=1600,[CL]=2.26mol/L,50℃,1h,聚合反应的单体转化率可以达到94%,所得聚己内酯的数均分子量可以达到5.4万;通过GPC、DSC、~1H NMR及偏光显微镜表征了聚合物的结构和热性能,对聚合产物的GPC表征,发现该聚合反应存在较明显的酯交换反应,通过改变聚合条件可以在一定范围内调节聚合物的分子量及分子量分布;通过用异丙醇终止低分子量聚合物的端基分析确证了该配合物引发CL聚合的过程为“酰氧键断裂开环的配位阴离子聚合机理”
     而其带氯的配合物Nd(DBTP)_2Cl_3在助催化剂Al(iBu)_3的作用下,可以用来高活性催化异戊二烯均聚,聚合物转化率可达95%,数均分子量最高可达到58万;该Nd(DBTP)_2Cl_3/Al(iBu)_3双组份体系催化聚合产物PIP具有高顺式(95%cis-1,4)结构及少量3,4链节,不含反式链节;通过对聚合条件研究和聚合产物GPC表征详细讨论了Al/Nd摩尔比、聚合温度对聚合体系活性中心的影响,证明该双组份催化体系中存在向烷基铝的链转移反应,在高的Al/Nd比和高温下加快链转移反应使得聚合产物分子量减小及分子量分布变宽。
     吡啶希夫碱稀土配合物可以高活性的催化环状单体如己内酯(CL)、环碳酸酯及丙交酯开环聚合。其中配合物Y(DBPP)_2Cl·3THF可以有效地催化L-丙交酯(LLA)均聚合及CL和LLA的共聚合,在较温和的条件下(60℃)即可催化L-丙交酯开环聚合,~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR谱图证明用该吡啶希夫碱稀土配合物催化的PLLA在聚合过程中不会发生L-构型向D-构型的转变,即聚合过程中不存在手性中心的翻转;通过DSC和偏光显微镜表征了PLLA的热性能和结晶性能,与文献报道的纯PLLA各项性能一致;通过端基分析研究了该吡啶希夫碱稀土配合物催化LLA聚合的机理,得出LLA开环的方式应该为酰氧基断裂,聚合的机理类似于己内酯,为配位阴离子机理。通过和CL的共聚合,所得共聚物PCL-b-PLLA的数均分子量最高可以达13.5万,分子量分布只有1.23;系统讨论了聚合加料顺序、催化剂浓度、嵌段长度、聚合温度及时间对聚合反应的影响,发现只有按一定的顺序(先CL后LLA),催化剂浓度为1.9×10~(-3)mol/L,较多CL单体和少量LLA共聚,较低温度和较长时间下才能得到分子量大于10万的PCL-b-PLLA共聚物;研究了不同PCL与PLLA嵌段长度对聚合反应以及聚合物的热性能和结晶性能的影响,实验发现PCL与PLLA会相互干扰对方的结晶性,使PCL和PLLA链段都不易结晶。
     首次合成了吡啶氮硅烷稀士配合物Ln(PyNSiMe_3)_2Cl·THF,该类配合物可以单组分引发MMA聚合,聚合活性高,所得PMMA间规立构含量较高(>70%),粘均分子量最高可以达到12.9×10~5;系统讨论了稀土元素种类、聚合溶剂、单体浓度、单体引发剂比例以及温度、时间对聚合的影响和对产物立构规整度的影响;研宂了配合物Sm(PyNSiMe_3)_2Cl·THF催化MMA聚合反应在聚合前期的反应动力学,结果表明该聚合反应在前期有活性聚合的特征;通过端基分析的方法研究了该聚合反应的机理,并推测出可能的机理路线图。
In this paper, two novel heterocycle schiff base derivatives and a pyridine amino deravative have been synthesized, then its rare earth complexes have also been prepared as a polmerization catalyst for ring opening polymerization of cyclic ester and coordination polymerization of olefin. These complexes have characterized by 1H NMR and element analysis, and also their catalytic behaviour has been researched. The structure and property of the polymer and copolymer initiated by these complexes have also been characterized, and the postulated mechanism of polymerization has been proposed.
     An aromatic heterocyclic Schiff base neodymium complex bearing thiazole was synthesized and its activity in the ring opening polymerization ofε-caprolactone (CL) was examined. The conditions of the CL/Nd molar ratio, monomer concentration, polymerization time and temperature were investigated. Activities of ca.171kg/Nd·h were obtained under the optimum condition (CL/Nd=1600(molar ratio), [CL]=2.26mol L~(-1), 1h at 50℃), giving a polycaprolactone(PCL) of number molecular weight Mn=5.4×10~4 and molecular weight distribution MWD=1.96. The conversion of CL monomer as high as 94% was observed after polymerized for one hour. The mechanism of coordination polymerization has also been investigated.
     Neodymium based thiazole heterocyclic Schiff base complex was prepared and applied for the coordination polymerization of isoprene. This complex polymerized isoprene to afford products featuring high c/s-1,4 stereo specificity (ca.95%) and high molecular weight (ca.10~5) in the presence of the tri-isobutyl aluminum(AI(iBu)_3) as cocatalyst. The microstructure of obtained polyisoprene was investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR. Two different kinds of active centers in the catalyst system were examined by GPC method.
     Pyriding Schiff base rare earth complex(Y(DBPP)_2Cl·3THF) can be used as an efficient catalyst for ring opening polymerizaiton of cyclic ester such asε-caprolactone(CL), cyclic carbonic ester and lactide etc. The polymerizaiton of L-lactide under the condition of [LLA]/[Y]=500, 60℃, 40min produced poly(L-lactide) without the convert of chiral center of LLA monomer. The thermal behaviour and crystallinity are coinciding with the reported reference. Through the copolymerization of LLA with CL monomer, the molecualr weight has been increased to 13.5×10~4 with narrow distribution (1.23). The block copolymer can only be obtained by the sequence of polymerization which initiated CL first. The thermal behaviour and crystallinity of different length of block have been charaterized and the interference of each block has been confirmed.
     The rare earth samarium complex of N-(trimethylsilyl)pyridin-2-amine is an efficient catalyst of polymerization of polar olefin monomer MMA, giving a syndiotactic PMMA with molecular weight of 12.9×10~5. Its catalytic behaviour has been researched and the kinetic research proved that the polymerization of MMA in the very beginning (<40min) has a certain character of living polymerization. Through terminal group analysis, a postulated mechanism has been proposed.
引文
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