基于收益共享合约的库存路径协调问题研究
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摘要
本文的研究内容来源于国家自然科学基金项目(70771034);高等学校全国优秀博士学位论文作者2005年专项资金资助项目(200565);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20060359007)以及广东省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(08JDXM63003)。
继20世纪80年代的“竞争优势”和90年代的“业务流程再造”,供应链管理已经成为各个行业的热门话题。作为供应链管理核心问题之一的库存控制理论,学术届已经有了丰富的研究成果,然而配送作为供应链的关键环节之一,其成本在供应链的运营成本中占相当大的比重,库存和配送决策的脱节容易造成供应链整体效益并非最优。库存路径问题正是在车辆路径问题的基础上,将库存控制理论整合进来,在供应商对分销商库存进行统一管理的模式下,制定使供应链总成本最低的策略。因此,如何有效地同时控制库存与配送已经成为了学术界及各个行业所面临的挑战。
近年来,有不少学者尝试研究库存路径问题,但已有的研究成果主要是基于一体化供应链进行决策,而现实中供应链上下游之间是一种竞争——合作的关系。此外,已有文献几乎是基于完全信息的假设来进行研究的,即供应链成员之间信息是对称的,然而现实中由于信息在传递过程中失真,或信息传递不够及时等原因常导致供应链成员之间信息不对称。针对这些问题,本文的具体研究内容如下:
(1)研究了非一体化供应链的库存与配送问题的协调策略。针对由一个供应商和多个分销商组成的扇形供应链,分别研究了需求为常量以及需求与销售价格相关时供应链的库存及配送协调问题,并分别建立了独立决策和采用收益共享合约进行协调的模型,说明了采用收益共享合约可以有效协调供应链。
(2)分析了信息不对称下的库存路径问题。针对需求与销售价格相关的情形分别分析了需求随价格波动的变化率为对称信息与非对称信息下供应链的博弈结构。
(3)验证了采用混合并行遗传算法求解模型的有效性。通过C-W节约算法与遗传算法相结合的混合并行遗传算法,分别得出了独立决策下和采用协调策略下的最优订货周期和配送路径,并以奇瑞汽车备件库所搜集的数据为算例,对算法的有效性进行了分析和验证。
上述研究成果不仅丰富了供应链库存路径问题的研究内容,而且为供应链管理者的实际决策提供了科学的参考。
The topic selection comes from the National Natural Science Foundation Project (NO.70771034),the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (NO.200565), the PhD. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (NO.20060359007) and the Major Project of Key Research Base on Humanities and Social Sciences Education of Department of Guangdong Province (NO. 08JDXM63003).
Following‘competitive advantage’in 1980s and‘process reengineering’in 1990s, Supply Chain Management (SCM for short) has becoming a hot topic in various industries. As one of the core issues, the problem of Inventory Control has been already researched a lot in the past and got many wonderful achievements. However, the overall efficiency of the supply chain may be not optimal if the decisions of inventory and distribution and made respectively for the cost of distribution, which is a key link in the supply chain, accounts for a large proportion in the total cost of the whole supply chain. Inventory Routing Problem (IRP for short) is just the integration of the theory of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP for short) and Inventory Control theory, which creates a bridge between the supplier and the distributors and made optimal decisions to minimize the total cost consisting of inventory and transportation under the type of the Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI for short). How to control the inventory and distribution effectively has become the challenge among academic and industries.
Recalling the researches on Inventory Routing Problem in resent years, it will be founded that the existing literatures are mainly based on the integrated supply chain to made decisions, while the relationship between the upstream of the supply chain and the downstream is competition-cooperation. In addition, the existing literatures almost assumed that the information is completed, which means the information is symmetric between the members of the supply chain. However, information distortion or time delay in the transmission process often leads to asymmetric information in the practice. In response to these problems, the specific contents of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Research of the coordination policy in a non-integrated supply chain. Considering a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a set of distributors, we study the Inventory Routing Problems under the situations that the demand is constant and the demand is flexible with the selling price respectively. And then we establish the models when the partners of the supply chain are independent decision-making as well as using the revenue-sharing contracts to coordinate. Last, we get a result that the revenue-sharing contracts can achieve an effective coordination of the supply chain.
(2) Study the Inventory Routing Problem under information asymmetry. Under the assumption of the demand is price-related, we analyze the game structures when the changing rate of the demand with the price fluctuations is symmetric information or asymmetric information respectively.
(3) Show the effectiveness of adopting a mixed parallel genetic algorithm to solve the model. Using C-W saving algorithm combining with genetic algorithm, the optimal replenishment cycle and distribution paths has been reached under independent decision-making or employing coordinated strategy respectively . In addition, numerical instants are given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm based on the data of the Spare Parts Warehouse of Chery Automobile.
The research results presented above not only enrich the content of Inventory Routing Problem theory, but also provide more sufficient scientific evidence for decision makes in the practice.
继20世纪80年代的“竞争优势”和90年代的“业务流程再造”,供应链管理已经成为各个行业的热门话题。作为供应链管理核心问题之一的库存控制理论,学术届已经有了丰富的研究成果,然而配送作为供应链的关键环节之一,其成本在供应链的运营成本中占相当大的比重,库存和配送决策的脱节容易造成供应链整体效益并非最优。库存路径问题正是在车辆路径问题的基础上,将库存控制理论整合进来,在供应商对分销商库存进行统一管理的模式下,制定使供应链总成本最低的策略。因此,如何有效地同时控制库存与配送已经成为了学术界及各个行业所面临的挑战。
近年来,有不少学者尝试研究库存路径问题,但已有的研究成果主要是基于一体化供应链进行决策,而现实中供应链上下游之间是一种竞争——合作的关系。此外,已有文献几乎是基于完全信息的假设来进行研究的,即供应链成员之间信息是对称的,然而现实中由于信息在传递过程中失真,或信息传递不够及时等原因常导致供应链成员之间信息不对称。针对这些问题,本文的具体研究内容如下:
(1)研究了非一体化供应链的库存与配送问题的协调策略。针对由一个供应商和多个分销商组成的扇形供应链,分别研究了需求为常量以及需求与销售价格相关时供应链的库存及配送协调问题,并分别建立了独立决策和采用收益共享合约进行协调的模型,说明了采用收益共享合约可以有效协调供应链。
(2)分析了信息不对称下的库存路径问题。针对需求与销售价格相关的情形分别分析了需求随价格波动的变化率为对称信息与非对称信息下供应链的博弈结构。
(3)验证了采用混合并行遗传算法求解模型的有效性。通过C-W节约算法与遗传算法相结合的混合并行遗传算法,分别得出了独立决策下和采用协调策略下的最优订货周期和配送路径,并以奇瑞汽车备件库所搜集的数据为算例,对算法的有效性进行了分析和验证。
上述研究成果不仅丰富了供应链库存路径问题的研究内容,而且为供应链管理者的实际决策提供了科学的参考。
The topic selection comes from the National Natural Science Foundation Project (NO.70771034),the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (NO.200565), the PhD. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (NO.20060359007) and the Major Project of Key Research Base on Humanities and Social Sciences Education of Department of Guangdong Province (NO. 08JDXM63003).
Following‘competitive advantage’in 1980s and‘process reengineering’in 1990s, Supply Chain Management (SCM for short) has becoming a hot topic in various industries. As one of the core issues, the problem of Inventory Control has been already researched a lot in the past and got many wonderful achievements. However, the overall efficiency of the supply chain may be not optimal if the decisions of inventory and distribution and made respectively for the cost of distribution, which is a key link in the supply chain, accounts for a large proportion in the total cost of the whole supply chain. Inventory Routing Problem (IRP for short) is just the integration of the theory of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP for short) and Inventory Control theory, which creates a bridge between the supplier and the distributors and made optimal decisions to minimize the total cost consisting of inventory and transportation under the type of the Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI for short). How to control the inventory and distribution effectively has become the challenge among academic and industries.
Recalling the researches on Inventory Routing Problem in resent years, it will be founded that the existing literatures are mainly based on the integrated supply chain to made decisions, while the relationship between the upstream of the supply chain and the downstream is competition-cooperation. In addition, the existing literatures almost assumed that the information is completed, which means the information is symmetric between the members of the supply chain. However, information distortion or time delay in the transmission process often leads to asymmetric information in the practice. In response to these problems, the specific contents of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Research of the coordination policy in a non-integrated supply chain. Considering a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a set of distributors, we study the Inventory Routing Problems under the situations that the demand is constant and the demand is flexible with the selling price respectively. And then we establish the models when the partners of the supply chain are independent decision-making as well as using the revenue-sharing contracts to coordinate. Last, we get a result that the revenue-sharing contracts can achieve an effective coordination of the supply chain.
(2) Study the Inventory Routing Problem under information asymmetry. Under the assumption of the demand is price-related, we analyze the game structures when the changing rate of the demand with the price fluctuations is symmetric information or asymmetric information respectively.
(3) Show the effectiveness of adopting a mixed parallel genetic algorithm to solve the model. Using C-W saving algorithm combining with genetic algorithm, the optimal replenishment cycle and distribution paths has been reached under independent decision-making or employing coordinated strategy respectively . In addition, numerical instants are given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm based on the data of the Spare Parts Warehouse of Chery Automobile.
The research results presented above not only enrich the content of Inventory Routing Problem theory, but also provide more sufficient scientific evidence for decision makes in the practice.
引文
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