建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势形成与发展研究
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摘要
既有建筑节能改造是节能减排事业中的一个重要组成部分,而既有建筑节能改造的市场主体是实施合同能源管理模式的建筑节能服务型企业,因此对于建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势的研究有助于推动整个节能减排事业的发展。本文在深入分析建筑节能服务型企业运行特征的基础上,以提升其竞争优势为出发点,系统地分析了建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势形成的内在机理及科学发展的途径,构建了建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势形成与发展的基本理论体系。主要研究内容包括以下四个方面。
(1)基于内部、外部和内外部整合三个角度,对国外经典企业竞争优势研究成果进行概述,然后从顾客价值、企业间关系、创新能力、知识资源、企业集群、企业家才能和虚拟企业技术等六个方面综述国内企业竞争优势的研究成果,最后着重分析竞争优势的动态能力理论、知识基础理论和竞争与合作理论,试图找出符合ESCO企业构建竞争优势的理论基础。
(2)从市场内部和外部两个方面分析了我国建筑节能服务市场存在的政策、需求、环境与人才、用户与主体等问题;结合美国成熟建筑节能服务市场的发展特征,阐述了我国建筑节能服务市场发展面临的机遇与挑战;从行业和政府两个层面分别提出效率评价标准、行业准入门槛、技术创新、人才培养、政策贯彻、经济激励、市场化价格、多元化融资等发展我国建筑节能服务市场的对策和建议。
(3)引入系统动力学分析方法对建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势形成过程进行分析,找出其在技术创新投入方向、融资能力和人员综合素质水平等方面的内在特征,在此基础上建立建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法与多目标模糊优选模型对其进行量化评价,为建筑节能服务型企业构建竞争优势提供了理论指导和方法借鉴。
(4)结合我国建筑节能服务型企业的现状,从低成本、目标集聚和竞争合作的角度,阐明构建建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势的基本思路,并提出降低成本、专注细分市场和组成战略联盟三个方面的具体实施策略。
Energy-saving reconstruction of exited building is an important component of the energy saving and emission reduction cause, and the market subject of the exited building energy-saving reconstruction is the building energy service company (ESCO), using the energy performance contracting mode, so the research on the competitive advantage of ESCO will be very helpful for promoting the development of the energy saving and emission reduction cause. Based on the deep analysis of the ESCO operating characteristics, taking improving ESCO competitive advantage as starting point, the inner formation mechanism and the scientific development approach of ESCO competitive advantage is analyzed systematically, the basic theoretical system of the formation and development of the ESCO competitive advantage is built up. The main contents of this thesis include four aspects as follows.
(1)Firstly the foreign classic competitive advantage theory is summarized from three perspectives, the internal, the external and the integrated. Then the results of domestic competitive advantage research is outlined from customer value, inter-firm relations, innovation ability, knowledge resources, enterprise cluster, entrepreneurial ability, virtual enterprise and so on. Lastly the dynamic competence theory, knowledge-based theory and the coo-petition theory are analyzed emphatically, according to find out the theoretical foundation of the formation of the ESCO competitive advantage.
(2)The policy, the environment and human resources, demand, users and subjects of Chinese building energy conservation service market is analyzed From both internal and external facets. Combined with the characteristics of mature energy conservation service market of the United States, expounded opportunities and challenges facing by Chinese energy conservation service market in the development period, measures and suggestions are proposed from industry and government levels for the development of China's energy conservation service market, such as efficiency evaluation criteria, industry entry barriers, technological innovation, personnel training, policy implementation, economic incentives, market prices, diversification of financing.
(3)Use system dynamic method to analyze the formation process of the ESCO competitive advantage, and find out its inherent characters including the direction of technological innovation investment, finance ability, personnel comprehensive quality standards and so on. On this basis, using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multilevel fuzzy optimization model, the evaluation index system of ESCO competitive advantage is built up. Theory gist and methods have been provided for the formation of ESCO competitive advantage.
(4)Combined with the current actuality of ESCO in China, from the point of view of lower costs, target focusing and coo-petition, the basic thinking of the competitive advantage formation of ESCO are clarified, and the practical implementation strategies are proposed from three aspects, including cost reduction, focusing on the subdivided market and forming strategic alliance.
(1)基于内部、外部和内外部整合三个角度,对国外经典企业竞争优势研究成果进行概述,然后从顾客价值、企业间关系、创新能力、知识资源、企业集群、企业家才能和虚拟企业技术等六个方面综述国内企业竞争优势的研究成果,最后着重分析竞争优势的动态能力理论、知识基础理论和竞争与合作理论,试图找出符合ESCO企业构建竞争优势的理论基础。
(2)从市场内部和外部两个方面分析了我国建筑节能服务市场存在的政策、需求、环境与人才、用户与主体等问题;结合美国成熟建筑节能服务市场的发展特征,阐述了我国建筑节能服务市场发展面临的机遇与挑战;从行业和政府两个层面分别提出效率评价标准、行业准入门槛、技术创新、人才培养、政策贯彻、经济激励、市场化价格、多元化融资等发展我国建筑节能服务市场的对策和建议。
(3)引入系统动力学分析方法对建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势形成过程进行分析,找出其在技术创新投入方向、融资能力和人员综合素质水平等方面的内在特征,在此基础上建立建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法与多目标模糊优选模型对其进行量化评价,为建筑节能服务型企业构建竞争优势提供了理论指导和方法借鉴。
(4)结合我国建筑节能服务型企业的现状,从低成本、目标集聚和竞争合作的角度,阐明构建建筑节能服务型企业竞争优势的基本思路,并提出降低成本、专注细分市场和组成战略联盟三个方面的具体实施策略。
Energy-saving reconstruction of exited building is an important component of the energy saving and emission reduction cause, and the market subject of the exited building energy-saving reconstruction is the building energy service company (ESCO), using the energy performance contracting mode, so the research on the competitive advantage of ESCO will be very helpful for promoting the development of the energy saving and emission reduction cause. Based on the deep analysis of the ESCO operating characteristics, taking improving ESCO competitive advantage as starting point, the inner formation mechanism and the scientific development approach of ESCO competitive advantage is analyzed systematically, the basic theoretical system of the formation and development of the ESCO competitive advantage is built up. The main contents of this thesis include four aspects as follows.
(1)Firstly the foreign classic competitive advantage theory is summarized from three perspectives, the internal, the external and the integrated. Then the results of domestic competitive advantage research is outlined from customer value, inter-firm relations, innovation ability, knowledge resources, enterprise cluster, entrepreneurial ability, virtual enterprise and so on. Lastly the dynamic competence theory, knowledge-based theory and the coo-petition theory are analyzed emphatically, according to find out the theoretical foundation of the formation of the ESCO competitive advantage.
(2)The policy, the environment and human resources, demand, users and subjects of Chinese building energy conservation service market is analyzed From both internal and external facets. Combined with the characteristics of mature energy conservation service market of the United States, expounded opportunities and challenges facing by Chinese energy conservation service market in the development period, measures and suggestions are proposed from industry and government levels for the development of China's energy conservation service market, such as efficiency evaluation criteria, industry entry barriers, technological innovation, personnel training, policy implementation, economic incentives, market prices, diversification of financing.
(3)Use system dynamic method to analyze the formation process of the ESCO competitive advantage, and find out its inherent characters including the direction of technological innovation investment, finance ability, personnel comprehensive quality standards and so on. On this basis, using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multilevel fuzzy optimization model, the evaluation index system of ESCO competitive advantage is built up. Theory gist and methods have been provided for the formation of ESCO competitive advantage.
(4)Combined with the current actuality of ESCO in China, from the point of view of lower costs, target focusing and coo-petition, the basic thinking of the competitive advantage formation of ESCO are clarified, and the practical implementation strategies are proposed from three aspects, including cost reduction, focusing on the subdivided market and forming strategic alliance.
引文
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[3]蒋峦,谢卫红,蓝海林,企业竞争优势理论综述[J],软科学,2005,19(4):14—18
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[8]Stalk G, Evans P., Schulman L E, Competing on capabilities: the new rules of corporate[J],Harvard Business Review,1992,4(5):35—45
[9]Teece D.J, Pisano G., Shuen A.,Dynamic capabilities strategic management[J],Strategic Management,1997,18(7):23—36
[10]马钢,企业竞争优势的内涵界定及其相关理论评述[J],经济评论,2006,1:113-121
[11]王春霞,张明立,顾客价值在战略利润链中驱动作用分析[J],哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(2):303-305
[12]马媛,王立英,王炳成,基于顾客价值的企业竞争优势的构建[J],生产力研究,2008,4:121-122
[13]李大洪,关系竞争与企业竞争优势[J],江苏商论,2008,11:100-102
[14]杨洪涛,王要武,客户关系管理在房地产企业中的作用[J],哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(6):93-97
[15]刘波,谭德庆,叶勇,顾客导向行为与企业竞争优势关系的实证研究[J],西南交通大学学报,2004,39(1):51-54
[16]张翠英,史勇,基于价值网的企业竞争优势体系建设[J],图书与情报,2009,1:113-121
[17]许合先,基于战略杠杆效应的企业竞争优势获取模式-以INTEL为例[J],科技管理研究,2008,12:328-331
[18]谢企华,企业竞争的新焦点-战略供应链[J],钢铁,2004,39(8):17-23
[19]杨瑞龙,刘刚,李省龙,产业组织能力与企业竞争优势[J],教学与研究,2001,4:17-25
[20]李浩,戴大双,基于技术创新战略的企业竞争优势分析[J],科学管理研究,2002,20(4):9-12
[21]徐兴尧,汽车工业企业的技术创新[J],中国机械工程,2002,13(4):278-282
[22]傅强,方涌,论技术创新与企业核心竞争力[J],重庆建筑大学学报,2001,23(6):85-90
[23]连漪,杨俊波,企业技术创新能力与持续竞争优势系统的交互模型研究[J],改革与战略,2006,10:105-107
[24]赵志,汪应洛,产品创新能力观与西部企业发展[J],中国机械工程,2002,13(4):285-287
[25]刘义民,崔健,赵学贵等,企业知识资源及其创新管理研究[J],企业情报工作,2007,2:191-217
[26]林丽萍,李炼,基于外国纸品倾销的企业营销行为分析与对策[J],商业现代化,2007,2:220-222
[27]胡美琴,李元旭,骆守俭,企业生命周期与企业家管理周期匹配下的动态竞争力模型[J],当代财经,2006,1:76-88
[28]张书军,企业家资源配置能力与企业成长[J],经济体制改革,2003,5:48-51
[29]朱小燕,孙巍,唐水源,面向供应体系的虚拟企业技术[J],北京理工大学学报,2000,20(4):524-528
[30]孙纪鹏,高树林,虚拟企业合作伙伴选择评测研究[J],辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(2):269-271
[31]刘根荣,史彦,速度竞争力:企业竞争优势分析的新视角[J],现代财经,2007,27(2):44-49
[32]姜元元,企业竞争优势新解-多维优势模型的研究[J],改革开放,2009,1:37-39
[33]迈克尔-波特,陈小悦译,竞争战略[M],北京:华夏出版社,1997
[34]Ansoff H.I., McDonnell E., Implanting Strategic Management [M] , UK: Prentice Hall,1990
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