陕西省城市贫困问题研究
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摘要
由于近年来收入差距不断扩大,使得城市贫困问题越来越突出,相当一部分失业、下岗人员因再就业困难而陷入困境,部分企业退休老职工也得不到相应的生活保障。城市中逐渐形成了一个新生群体——“城市贫困群体”,他们主要由下岗职工、退休职工及其家属、老弱病残、农民工等弱势群体构成。这个群体的数量在不断扩大,他们在整个城市化、工业化、现代化进程中举步维艰,成为社会的不稳定因素。
陕西省地处西北地区,属于西部经济发展的前沿枢纽,在发展过程中城市贫困问题日益凸显。在城市化快速发展的进程中,如何有效地减少城市贫困人口,已经成为现阶段政府构建和谐社会迫在眉睫的重要任务。与之相关的研究也成了经济学与社会学领域新的热点和难点。
本文共分六个部分,第一部分提出贫困问题的发生发展历程,阐述贫困问题的缘起；目前国内外对于贫困问题的研究现状及消除贫困的必要性和紧迫性；传统的制度保障在面临转型期下的新贫困问题时存在着缺失,因此必须通过相关的对策和措施来健全和完善；第二部分提出贫困的相关基础概念、贫困以及城市贫困的概念；第三部分在相关统计资料的基础上对陕西省城市贫困的现状与贫困特征等进行了归纳分析和分类表述：第四部分为陕西省城市贫困问题的原因分析；第五部分为国际城市反贫困的经验与启示；最后本文在借鉴和吸收国内外在城市贫困问题上的研究成果的基础上,提出应对陕西省城市贫困问题的主要思路和相关对策：提高城市贫困居民的劳动力素质,增强其社会适应能力和竞争能力；建立城市居民就业引导机制,继续推行和改进鼓励就业的劳动政策；实施多模式扶贫方式,增强城市扶贫的实效性；尊重贫困群体生存、发展的基本权利,改善“权利贫困”；填补社会保障制度的空白和缺陷,逐渐完善社会保障网络体系,完善社会保险与社会救济,建立城市贫困居民的安全网。
The income gap is widening in recent years, making an increasingly Prominent issue of urban poverty, a considerable number of the unemployed, re-employment of laid-off staff because of obstacles in the predicament, as well as some of the enterprises have access to retire older workers corresponding protection for their livelihood. Cities gradually formed a new group-the "urban poor groups" they mainly by laid-off workers, retired workers and their families, vulnerable group, migrant workers and other disadvantaged groups constitute the. This group has continued to increase the number of them in the whole urbanization, industrialization, modernization process very difficult, troubled, as instability in the society.
Shaanxi Province is located in the North West region; belonging to the forefront of economic development in the western hub, in the process of development of urban poverty is becoming increasingly prominent. In the rapid development of cities in the process of how to effectively reduce urban poverty-stricken population, has become a scientific development at this stage the imminent construction of a harmonious society important task. Associated with the study of sociology and economies have become the new hot spots and areas of difficulty.
This paper is divided into six parts, the first part of the problem of poverty in the development process, on the origin of the problem of poverty, the existence of the problem of poverty at home and abroad for Research and the eradication of poverty necessity and urgency of the traditional system of protection relative transition Under the new period, there is a problem of poverty missing, it is necessary, through the relevant policies and measures to improve and perfect; mainly on the second part of the theoretical foundation on poverty, poverty and urban poverty definition; This study defined in Part3 related on the basis of statistical information on the status of Shaanxi urban poverty and poverty characteristics of the life of People living in poverty were summarized expression analysis and classification; Fourth divided into urban poverty population, Shaanxi Province imminent internal analysis of the reasons for the poor; The fifth part is the experience and enlightenment of the international anti-poverty urban; Final paper in the draw and absorb at home and abroad on the issue of urban poverty on the basis of research results, to deal with the problem of poverty in Shaanxi city and the main ideas related measures:arising the city's quality of the labor force poor residents of the community to enhance its capacity and competitiveness; a city residents employment guidance mechanisms to continue to implement and improve policies to encourage employment of labor; the establishment of a unified urban poverty alleviation institutions, set up a special poverty relief funds, the implementation of multi-mode poverty, enhance the effectiveness of urban poverty reduction, respect for the Poorest groups in the survival, development of basic rights, improvement "Rights of Poverty"; social security system to fill the gaps and shortcomings, and gradually improve the social security network, the improvement of the social insurance and social relief, the establishment of the urban poor residents of a safety net.
陕西省地处西北地区,属于西部经济发展的前沿枢纽,在发展过程中城市贫困问题日益凸显。在城市化快速发展的进程中,如何有效地减少城市贫困人口,已经成为现阶段政府构建和谐社会迫在眉睫的重要任务。与之相关的研究也成了经济学与社会学领域新的热点和难点。
本文共分六个部分,第一部分提出贫困问题的发生发展历程,阐述贫困问题的缘起；目前国内外对于贫困问题的研究现状及消除贫困的必要性和紧迫性；传统的制度保障在面临转型期下的新贫困问题时存在着缺失,因此必须通过相关的对策和措施来健全和完善；第二部分提出贫困的相关基础概念、贫困以及城市贫困的概念；第三部分在相关统计资料的基础上对陕西省城市贫困的现状与贫困特征等进行了归纳分析和分类表述：第四部分为陕西省城市贫困问题的原因分析；第五部分为国际城市反贫困的经验与启示；最后本文在借鉴和吸收国内外在城市贫困问题上的研究成果的基础上,提出应对陕西省城市贫困问题的主要思路和相关对策：提高城市贫困居民的劳动力素质,增强其社会适应能力和竞争能力；建立城市居民就业引导机制,继续推行和改进鼓励就业的劳动政策；实施多模式扶贫方式,增强城市扶贫的实效性；尊重贫困群体生存、发展的基本权利,改善“权利贫困”；填补社会保障制度的空白和缺陷,逐渐完善社会保障网络体系,完善社会保险与社会救济,建立城市贫困居民的安全网。
The income gap is widening in recent years, making an increasingly Prominent issue of urban poverty, a considerable number of the unemployed, re-employment of laid-off staff because of obstacles in the predicament, as well as some of the enterprises have access to retire older workers corresponding protection for their livelihood. Cities gradually formed a new group-the "urban poor groups" they mainly by laid-off workers, retired workers and their families, vulnerable group, migrant workers and other disadvantaged groups constitute the. This group has continued to increase the number of them in the whole urbanization, industrialization, modernization process very difficult, troubled, as instability in the society.
Shaanxi Province is located in the North West region; belonging to the forefront of economic development in the western hub, in the process of development of urban poverty is becoming increasingly prominent. In the rapid development of cities in the process of how to effectively reduce urban poverty-stricken population, has become a scientific development at this stage the imminent construction of a harmonious society important task. Associated with the study of sociology and economies have become the new hot spots and areas of difficulty.
This paper is divided into six parts, the first part of the problem of poverty in the development process, on the origin of the problem of poverty, the existence of the problem of poverty at home and abroad for Research and the eradication of poverty necessity and urgency of the traditional system of protection relative transition Under the new period, there is a problem of poverty missing, it is necessary, through the relevant policies and measures to improve and perfect; mainly on the second part of the theoretical foundation on poverty, poverty and urban poverty definition; This study defined in Part3 related on the basis of statistical information on the status of Shaanxi urban poverty and poverty characteristics of the life of People living in poverty were summarized expression analysis and classification; Fourth divided into urban poverty population, Shaanxi Province imminent internal analysis of the reasons for the poor; The fifth part is the experience and enlightenment of the international anti-poverty urban; Final paper in the draw and absorb at home and abroad on the issue of urban poverty on the basis of research results, to deal with the problem of poverty in Shaanxi city and the main ideas related measures:arising the city's quality of the labor force poor residents of the community to enhance its capacity and competitiveness; a city residents employment guidance mechanisms to continue to implement and improve policies to encourage employment of labor; the establishment of a unified urban poverty alleviation institutions, set up a special poverty relief funds, the implementation of multi-mode poverty, enhance the effectiveness of urban poverty reduction, respect for the Poorest groups in the survival, development of basic rights, improvement "Rights of Poverty"; social security system to fill the gaps and shortcomings, and gradually improve the social security network, the improvement of the social insurance and social relief, the establishment of the urban poor residents of a safety net.
引文
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[15]刘婧.试析中国城市贫困问题[J].法制与社会,2007,(5)：609-610.
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[17]李实,John Knight.中国城市中的三种贫困类型[J].经济研究,2002,(10)：47-58.
[18]田野.对我国城市贫困人群问题的思考[J].理论导刊,2007, (2)：24-26.
[19]袁媛,许学强.国外城市贫困阶层聚居区研究述评及借鉴[J].城市问题,2007,(2)：86-91.
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[23]卫晋芳.我国城市贫困问题探讨[J].山西财经大学学报(高等教育版),2008, (11)：6.
[24]黄桦.我国城市贫困群体现状研究[J].经济问题,2008, (4)：49-51.
[25]钱林.当前中国城市贫困问题研究[J].经济与社会发展,2007,(1)：179-181.
[26]詹姆斯·莫里斯.中国的贫困与贫富差距[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(3)：1-6.
[27]赵娟.我国新城市贫困的原因及反贫困对策[J].经济论坛,2007, (8)：47-49.
[28]Appleton, Simon, John Knight, Lina Song, Qingjie xia. Labor Retrenchment in China: Determinants and Consequences [J]. China Economic Review (forthcoming),2001, (5).
[29]Banerjee, Abhijit. The Two Poverties, Working Paper Series [J]. Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2000,(8).
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