基于SMIP的无线网络快速转接方案
摘要
本文首先介绍了目前移动IPv6快速转接方案的研究进展情况,综述了当前主要的转接方案,对各转接方案做了深入的分析和比较。在此基础上,文中对当前各种方案中转接效果相对较好的无缝转接体系SMIP进行了详细的分析。仔细研究了其实现机理,阐明其优点的同时也说明了其设计方式上的不足。
在SMIP基础之上,文中设计了名为ESMIPv6的移动管理模型。该模型基于用户移动模式创建,利用用户移动曲线对用户移动模式进行预测,同时简化SMIP的设计结构,目标是当用户在两个网络间移动时在低延迟的条件下降低信令负载的消耗,通过预测用户移动方式降低转接延迟,以便尽可能的消除连接中断并使信令负载最小。其移动管理模型分为两部分:在每个节点处加入移动模式学习模块,并且网络中的所有实体都要执行一个移动管理协议。
最后,文中对所引入的ESMIPv6模型进行了实验模拟,仿真实验中得到的数据表明ESMIPv6显著降低了转接延迟,执行效果在各种条件下都优于MIPv6与FMIPv6,这也说明ESMIPv6降低了信令的消耗。
The technology keeps present, Internet and wireless communication developing at top speed, part interconnection is covered as with a net already becoming people being not allowed to be short of in the daily life. With the fact that swiftness and violence moving the technology communicating by letter develops, mobile telephone , portable types such as PDA , laptop move the equipment extensive use , people is hoped in the process of displacement still, being able to keep Internet cut-over and continuing communicating by letter. Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has bigger address space, more beneficial to mobile development of technology, Mobile IPv6 technology already becoming the hot spot studying currently. In IETF having announced the first MIPv6 protocol draft in November , 1996. Improvement process 24 editions, the protocol (MIPv6) submits to MIPv6 on June , 2004 for the standard. The MIPv6 protocol still has a lot of question needing solve, AAA, multibroadcast, safety wait if the handover coupling defers, that handover couplings among them defer is to be badly in need of the problem solving currently. The handover coupling defers being referring to moving a node rotating the time receiving another network recovery network communicating by letter regularly needed from a network. MIPv6 protocol handover coupling postpones growing comparatively , is lost easy to bring about the interruption and data bag linking up, have no way to satisfy VoIP waiting for real time application and losing sensitive applicative call for to the data. Hometown agency and the node communicating by letter moving a node in the protocol, moving every time asking distance for it in MIPv6 has dispatched binding logon information , has led into large amount of message order loads. For realizing the seamless pleasure trip , improving the handover coupling function, must improve the fundamental displacement IPv6 protocol handover coupling process, improving the go into moving IPv6 handover coupling process basically at present has been very enthusiastic , IETF has also set up the MIPSHOP working group , handover coupling in the protocol being responsible for resolving MIPv6 has deferred problem and has worked out the corresponding standard. MIPv6 fast handover coupling scheme (FMIPv6) sums displacement IPv6 hierarchical management scheme (HMIPv6) is already submitted for draft, at the same time, people improves a scheme , constitutes scheme and other fast handover coupling scheme to have brought forward many pair of FMIPv6 and HMIPv6's.
In this paper, we firstly have studied the schemes that has been introduced MIPv6 fast handover coupling scheme's at present, then we have summed up the currently main handover coupling scheme, have been that 4 resembles as follows according to realizing mechanism, these schemes being allotted: The fast handover coupling , hierarchical management, constitute a scheme , resolve a scheme owing to that MPLS and the stream label resemble. And have done thorough analysis and have expounded the person comparatively, realizing principle in culture to every handover coupling scheme, show clearly whose respective excellent and shortcoming.
Seamless relatively fairly good handover coupling system SMIP mounting , transferring in culture to currently various scheme here basis to take over effect careful analysis. Two well-known approaches in reducing the MIP handoff latency have been proposed in the literature. One aims to reduce the (home) network registration time through a hierarchical management structure, while the other tries to minimize the lengthy address resolution delay by address pre-configuration through what is known as the fast-handoff mechanism. We present a novel seamless handoff architecture, S-MIP, that builds on top of the hierarchical approach and the fast-handoff mechanism, in conjunction with a newly developed handoff algorithm based on pure software-based movement tracking techniques. Using a combination of simulation and mathematical analysis, we argue that our architecture is capable of providing packet lossless handoff with latency similar to that of L2 handoff delay when using the 802.11 access technology. More importantly, S-MIP has a signaling overhead equal to that of the well-known 'integrated' hierarchical MIP with fast handoff scheme, within the portion of the network that uses wireless links. In relation to our S-MIP architecture, we discuss issues regarding the construction of network architecture, movement tracking, registration, address resolution, handoff algorithm and data handling. The SMIP shortcoming is that design is very complicated , the message order having increased the area inner is loaded with each other; Besides, whose displacement pattern forecast algorithm very complicated , still needs an improvement.
Based on these, we propose a new model called Enhanced Seamless Mobile IPv6 (ESMIPv6) to improve the performance of the handover component in location management schemes. This model improves handover by predicting user location based on Users' Mobility Profiles. The overall goals of ESMIPv6 are to reduce both handover latency and signaling loads generated during the location update process. Simulation results show that the use of ESMIPv6 produces a handover with low delay, as well as a significant drop of signaling overhead. Better results have been obtained by our protocol in all cases studied when compared to Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Fast Handovers for MIPv6 (FMIPv6).
Our model aims to reduce signaling costs generated by correspondent nodes' updates as well as delays pertaining to handover between networks. It takes advantage of the opportunities offered by users' mobility profiles to provide transparent handovers between networks. These profiles are used by our protocol to help predict the next cell where the handover will occur and to update the MN's correspondents before leaving the current network. The moment where the handover will occur can be predicted by relying on information gathered from the network. On the other hand, using mobility profiles enables our protocol to update an MN's location once the change in networks is known, thus reducing signaling costs. Also, we presented the users' mobility learning module used to generate mobility patterns. We then introduced an analytical model to study the performance of our model and compare it to other mobility management strategies. Furthermore, we illustrated our model's operational aspects using several scenarios. Our protocol's performance was validated using many simulations. The numerical results obtained from the simulations show that ESMIPv6 significantly reduces handover delay and performs better than MIPv6 and ESMIPv6 in all cases. These results also show that our protocol reduces signaling costs.
在SMIP基础之上,文中设计了名为ESMIPv6的移动管理模型。该模型基于用户移动模式创建,利用用户移动曲线对用户移动模式进行预测,同时简化SMIP的设计结构,目标是当用户在两个网络间移动时在低延迟的条件下降低信令负载的消耗,通过预测用户移动方式降低转接延迟,以便尽可能的消除连接中断并使信令负载最小。其移动管理模型分为两部分:在每个节点处加入移动模式学习模块,并且网络中的所有实体都要执行一个移动管理协议。
最后,文中对所引入的ESMIPv6模型进行了实验模拟,仿真实验中得到的数据表明ESMIPv6显著降低了转接延迟,执行效果在各种条件下都优于MIPv6与FMIPv6,这也说明ESMIPv6降低了信令的消耗。
The technology keeps present, Internet and wireless communication developing at top speed, part interconnection is covered as with a net already becoming people being not allowed to be short of in the daily life. With the fact that swiftness and violence moving the technology communicating by letter develops, mobile telephone , portable types such as PDA , laptop move the equipment extensive use , people is hoped in the process of displacement still, being able to keep Internet cut-over and continuing communicating by letter. Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has bigger address space, more beneficial to mobile development of technology, Mobile IPv6 technology already becoming the hot spot studying currently. In IETF having announced the first MIPv6 protocol draft in November , 1996. Improvement process 24 editions, the protocol (MIPv6) submits to MIPv6 on June , 2004 for the standard. The MIPv6 protocol still has a lot of question needing solve, AAA, multibroadcast, safety wait if the handover coupling defers, that handover couplings among them defer is to be badly in need of the problem solving currently. The handover coupling defers being referring to moving a node rotating the time receiving another network recovery network communicating by letter regularly needed from a network. MIPv6 protocol handover coupling postpones growing comparatively , is lost easy to bring about the interruption and data bag linking up, have no way to satisfy VoIP waiting for real time application and losing sensitive applicative call for to the data. Hometown agency and the node communicating by letter moving a node in the protocol, moving every time asking distance for it in MIPv6 has dispatched binding logon information , has led into large amount of message order loads. For realizing the seamless pleasure trip , improving the handover coupling function, must improve the fundamental displacement IPv6 protocol handover coupling process, improving the go into moving IPv6 handover coupling process basically at present has been very enthusiastic , IETF has also set up the MIPSHOP working group , handover coupling in the protocol being responsible for resolving MIPv6 has deferred problem and has worked out the corresponding standard. MIPv6 fast handover coupling scheme (FMIPv6) sums displacement IPv6 hierarchical management scheme (HMIPv6) is already submitted for draft, at the same time, people improves a scheme , constitutes scheme and other fast handover coupling scheme to have brought forward many pair of FMIPv6 and HMIPv6's.
In this paper, we firstly have studied the schemes that has been introduced MIPv6 fast handover coupling scheme's at present, then we have summed up the currently main handover coupling scheme, have been that 4 resembles as follows according to realizing mechanism, these schemes being allotted: The fast handover coupling , hierarchical management, constitute a scheme , resolve a scheme owing to that MPLS and the stream label resemble. And have done thorough analysis and have expounded the person comparatively, realizing principle in culture to every handover coupling scheme, show clearly whose respective excellent and shortcoming.
Seamless relatively fairly good handover coupling system SMIP mounting , transferring in culture to currently various scheme here basis to take over effect careful analysis. Two well-known approaches in reducing the MIP handoff latency have been proposed in the literature. One aims to reduce the (home) network registration time through a hierarchical management structure, while the other tries to minimize the lengthy address resolution delay by address pre-configuration through what is known as the fast-handoff mechanism. We present a novel seamless handoff architecture, S-MIP, that builds on top of the hierarchical approach and the fast-handoff mechanism, in conjunction with a newly developed handoff algorithm based on pure software-based movement tracking techniques. Using a combination of simulation and mathematical analysis, we argue that our architecture is capable of providing packet lossless handoff with latency similar to that of L2 handoff delay when using the 802.11 access technology. More importantly, S-MIP has a signaling overhead equal to that of the well-known 'integrated' hierarchical MIP with fast handoff scheme, within the portion of the network that uses wireless links. In relation to our S-MIP architecture, we discuss issues regarding the construction of network architecture, movement tracking, registration, address resolution, handoff algorithm and data handling. The SMIP shortcoming is that design is very complicated , the message order having increased the area inner is loaded with each other; Besides, whose displacement pattern forecast algorithm very complicated , still needs an improvement.
Based on these, we propose a new model called Enhanced Seamless Mobile IPv6 (ESMIPv6) to improve the performance of the handover component in location management schemes. This model improves handover by predicting user location based on Users' Mobility Profiles. The overall goals of ESMIPv6 are to reduce both handover latency and signaling loads generated during the location update process. Simulation results show that the use of ESMIPv6 produces a handover with low delay, as well as a significant drop of signaling overhead. Better results have been obtained by our protocol in all cases studied when compared to Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Fast Handovers for MIPv6 (FMIPv6).
Our model aims to reduce signaling costs generated by correspondent nodes' updates as well as delays pertaining to handover between networks. It takes advantage of the opportunities offered by users' mobility profiles to provide transparent handovers between networks. These profiles are used by our protocol to help predict the next cell where the handover will occur and to update the MN's correspondents before leaving the current network. The moment where the handover will occur can be predicted by relying on information gathered from the network. On the other hand, using mobility profiles enables our protocol to update an MN's location once the change in networks is known, thus reducing signaling costs. Also, we presented the users' mobility learning module used to generate mobility patterns. We then introduced an analytical model to study the performance of our model and compare it to other mobility management strategies. Furthermore, we illustrated our model's operational aspects using several scenarios. Our protocol's performance was validated using many simulations. The numerical results obtained from the simulations show that ESMIPv6 significantly reduces handover delay and performs better than MIPv6 and ESMIPv6 in all cases. These results also show that our protocol reduces signaling costs.
引文
[1] Johnson D, Perkins C, Arkko J.Mobility support in IPv6[S] .RFC 3775, Internet Engineering Task Force, June 2004.
[2] Rajeev Koodli.Fast handovers for mobile IPv6 [Z].Internet Draft,draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-02.Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2004.
[3] Hesham Soliman, Claude Catelluccia, Karim El Malki, et al. Hierarchical mobile IPv6 mobility management (HMIPv6) [Z]. Internet Draft,draft-ietf-mipshop-hmi-pv6-02. Internet Engineering Task Force, June 2004.
[4] Hee Young-jung, SeokJoo Koh. Fast handover support in hierarchical mobile IPv6 [C]. Advanced Communication Technology,2004,The 6th International Conference, Feb. 9211, 2004, 2: 5512554.
[5] Gwon Y, Yegin A, Youngjune Gwon, et al.Enhanced forwarding from the previous care-of address (EFWD) for fast handovers in mobile IPv6 [A].Wireless Communications and Networking Conference [C], 2004. WCNC.2004 IEEE,21225M arch 2004, 2: 8612866.
[6] Hong Yong-geun, Myung-KiShin. Hyoung-Jun Kim. Access router based fast handover for mobile IPv6 [C]. Advanced Communication Technology, 2004.The 6th International Conference, 2004, 1: 1292132.
[7] Gwon Y, Kempf J, Yegin. A Scalability and robustness analysis of mobile IPv6 [A]. Fast Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, and Hybrid IPv6 Mobility Protocols Using a Large-scale Simulation [C]. Communications, 2004 IEEE International Conference on, 20224 June 2004, 7: 408724091.
[8] Yao Wei-min, Chen Yaw-chung. An enhanced buffer management scheme for fast handover protocol [C]. 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Work shops-W7: EC (ICDCSW '04), M arch 23 2 24, 2004, Hachio ji,Tokyo, Japan: 8962902.
[9] Omae K, Okajima I, Umeda N. Mobility anchor point discovery protocol for hierarchical mobile IPv6 [C]. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. WCNC.2004 IEEE, Volume: 4 , 21225M arch 2004, 4:236522370.
[10] Robert Hsieh, Zhe Guang Zhou, Aruna Seneviratne. S-MIP: A Seamless Handoff Architecture for Mobile IP [C]. INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE, 30 March23 April 2003, 3:177421784.
[11] Sethom K, Afifi H, Pujolle G. Wireless MPLS: a. new layer2.5 micro-mobility scheme [C].ACM MobiWac 2004, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
[12] Grimminger J, Huth H P. Mobile MPLS-a MPLS based micro mobility concept [Z]. Wireless World Research Forum, Stockholm, Sep 2001.
[13] Ren Z, Tham C, Foo C, et al. Integration of mobile IP and multi-protocol label switching[C]. IEEE ICC 2001.
[14] Chen Y, Yan Z. Effect of the label management in mobile IP over MPLS networks[C].AINA 2003.
[15] Xie K, Wong V , Leung V. Support of micro-mobility in MPLS-based wireless access networks [C]. IEEE Proc. CNC'03, 2003, 124221247.
[16] Su Kyoung LEE. An efficient handover control scheme supporting micro-mobility in MPLS-based wireless Internet[C]. IEICE Trans Commun 2005 E882B:151121516.
[17] Yang T, Dong Y, Zhang Y, et al. Practical. Approaches for supporting micro mobility with MPLS[C]. ICT 2002, Beijing, China, June 23, 2002.
[18] Vassiliou V, Owen H, Barlow D, et al. M-MPLS: micromobility-enabled multiprotocol label switching [C]. ICC'03, 2003, 2502255.
[19] Kim H, Wong K S D, W aiW , et al. Mobility-aware MPLS in IP-based wireless access networks [C]. In: Proc. IEEE Globecom 2001, 6: 344423448, San Antonio,TX,USA,November 2001.
[20] Kaddour M , Pautet L. Towards an adaptable message oriented middleware for mobile environment [C]. ASWN 2003.
[21] Miska Sulander, Timo Hama lainen, AriViinikainen, etal. Flow 2based fast handover method for mobile IPv6 network [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE 59th Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'S04) , May 2004, Milan,Italy.
[22] JOHNSON D, PERKINS C, ARK KO J. Mobility Support in IPv6[S]. RFC3775,June 2004:5-105.
[23] Hsieh R, Seneviratne A. Performance Analysis on Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 with Fast-handoff over TCP[D]. Proceedings of GLOBECOM, Taipei, 2002.
[24] "OriNoCo Manager Suit User Guide," http://www.orinocowireless.com.
[25] Z.-G. Zhou, R. Chen, P. Chumchu and A. Seneviratne.. A Software Based Indoor Relative Location Management System. Proceedings of Wireless and Optical Communications, Canada, 2002.
[26] T. Larsson, Y. Ismailov and A.A. Nilsson. Performance Characteristics of Multiplexed TCP Connections. Proceedings of SPECTS, 2000.
[27] S. Thomson, T. Narten. IPv6 Stateless Address Auto configuration. RFC 2462,December 1998.
[28] Alejandro Quintero , Samuel Pierre, Larbi Alaoui. A mobility management model based on users' mobility profiles for IPv6 networks. Computer Communications. 30 (2006) 66-80.
[29] G. Chakraborty, B. Bista, D. Chakrabort, N. Shiratori. Location management in PCN by movement prediction of the mobile host. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics ISIE 2002, Vol. 1, 2002, pp.78-83.
[30] E. Cayirci, I. Akyildiz. User mobility pattern scheme for location update and paging in wireless systems, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput.l (3) (2002) 236-247.
[31] J. Markoulidakis, G. Lyberopoulos, M. Anagnostou. Traffic model for third generation cellular mobile telecommunication systems. Wireless Networks 4 (5)(1998) 389-400.
[32] H. Safa, S. Pierre, J. Conan. A built-in memory model for reducing location update costs in mobile wireless network. Comput Commun.25 (14) (2002) 1343-1353.
[33] G. Pollini, I. Chih-Lin. A profile-based location strategy and its performance.IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 15 (8) (1997) 1415-1424.
[34] 徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀.NS与网络模拟.北京.人民邮电出版社. 2003年.
[35] Jani Puttonen, Ari Viinikainen, Miska Sulander, et al. Ananalysis of the flow-based fast handover method for mobileIPv6 network [C]. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on E-business and Telecommunication Networks.August 2004, Setubal, Portugal.
[36] Castelluccia C. A hierarchical mobility management scheme for IPv6 [C].Proceedings of the Third IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications.1998 (ISCC '98). 30 June22July 1998, 3052309.
[37] Ernst T, Castelluccia C, Lach H2Y. Extending mobile-IPv6 with multicast to support mobile networks in IPv6 [C]. 1stEuropean Conference on Universal Multiservice Networks 2000(ECUMN 2000). 224 Oct. 2000: 1142121.
[38] Xavier Perez2Costa, Marc Torrent-Moreno, Hannes Hartenstein. A performance comparison of Mobile IPv6,Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, fast handovers for Mobile IPv6and their combination [Z]. ACM SIG MOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review (October 2003), 7(4).
[39] Omae K, Ikeda T, Inoue M, et al. Mobile node extension employing buffering function to improve handoff performance[C]. The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications 2002. Volume: I, 27230 Oct.2002, 62266.
[40] Charles E Perk ins. Mobile IP at IETF [Z]. ACM SIG MOBILE mobile computing and communications review (October 2003), 7 (4).
[41] Rajiv Chakravorty, Pablo Vidales, Kavitha Subramanian, et al. Practical experience with wireless networks integration using Mobile IPv6 [Z] . ACM SIG MOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, October 2003, 7 (4).
[42] Hamdaoui B, Ramanathan P. A network-layer soft handoff approach for mobile wireless IP-based systems [J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal,2004, 22: 6302642.
[43] Tang D, Baker M. Analysis of a local-area wireless network[C]. ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM) ,2000.
[44] Perkins C. IP Mobility support for IPv4 [S]. RFC 3344,Internet Engineering Task Force, August 2002.
[45] Hsieh R, Seneviratne A, Soliman H, et al. Performance analysis on hierarchical mobile IPv6 with fast-handoff over end-to-end TCP[C]. Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE , Volume: 3,17221 Nov. 2002, 3:248822492.
[46] Sharma S, Ningning Zhu, Tzi-cker Chiue. Low-latency mobile IP handoff for infrastructure-mode wireless LANs [J]. IEEE Journal, M ay 2004, 22 (4) : 6432 652.
[47] Jun-Seob Lee, Jae-HongMin, Sang-Ha Kim. Considerations for designing fast handoff mechanisms in mobile IPv6 [C]. Advanced Communication Technology, 2004. The 6th International Conference on, 2004, 1: 21224.
[48] IETF Mobile IPv6 Working Group [EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/html.Charters/mip62charter.html.
[49] IETF MIPSHOP Working Group [EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip shop-charter.html.
[50] IETF MIP6 Working Group[EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip6-charter.html.
[51] Deering S, Hinden R. Internet protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) [S].RFC 2460,December 1998.
[52] Thomson S, Narten T. IPv6 stateless address auto configuration[S]. RFC 2462,December 1998.
[53] Narten T, Nordmark E, Simpson W. Neighbor discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) [S]. RFC 2461, December 1998.
[54] Devarapalli V, Arkko J. Using IPsec to protect mobile IPv6signaling between mobile nodes and home agents [S]. RFC3776,2004.
[55] HUT MIPL Mobile IPv6 for Linux [ EB/OL]. h ttp://www.mobile-ipv6.org.
[56] Rajahalme J, Conta A, Carpenter B, et al. IPv6 flow label specification [S]. RFC 3697, March 2004.
[57] Rosen E, Viswanathan A, Callon R. Multiprotocol labels witching architecture [S]. RFC 3031, January 2001.
[58] I. Vivaldi, B, Ali, H, Habaebi, V, Prakash, A, Sali. Routing scheme for macromobility handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6 network. Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Telecommunication Technology. 2003, pp.88-92.
[59] C. Vogt. A comprehensive and efficient handoff procedure for IPv6mobility support. Proceedings of the International Symposium on a World of Wireless.Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2006, pp.212-218.
[60] A. Valko, J. Gomez, A. Campbell, Cellular IP, IETF, draft-valko-cellularip-OO.txt,November 1998.
[61] C. Guo, H. Wu, Q. Zhang, J. Song, J. Zhou, C. Huitema, W. Zhu, End-system-based mobility support in IPv6, IEEE J. Sel. AreasCommun. 23 (11) (2005)2104-2117.
[62] C. Lee, L. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Sun, A framework of handoffs inwireless overlay networks based on mobile IPv6, IEEE J. Sel. AreasCommun. 23 (11) (2005)2118-2128.
[63] W. Lai, J. Chiu, Improving handoff performance in wireless overlaynetworks by switching between two-layer IPv6 and one-layer IPv6addressing, IEEE J. Sel.Areas Commun. 23 (11) (2005) 2129-2137.
[64] T. Yang, Y. Dong, B. Zhou, D. Makrakisv. Profile-based mobile MPLS protocol.IEEE CCECE 2002. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 3, 2002, pp. 1352-1356.
[2] Rajeev Koodli.Fast handovers for mobile IPv6 [Z].Internet Draft,draft-ietf-mipshop-fast-mipv6-02.Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2004.
[3] Hesham Soliman, Claude Catelluccia, Karim El Malki, et al. Hierarchical mobile IPv6 mobility management (HMIPv6) [Z]. Internet Draft,draft-ietf-mipshop-hmi-pv6-02. Internet Engineering Task Force, June 2004.
[4] Hee Young-jung, SeokJoo Koh. Fast handover support in hierarchical mobile IPv6 [C]. Advanced Communication Technology,2004,The 6th International Conference, Feb. 9211, 2004, 2: 5512554.
[5] Gwon Y, Yegin A, Youngjune Gwon, et al.Enhanced forwarding from the previous care-of address (EFWD) for fast handovers in mobile IPv6 [A].Wireless Communications and Networking Conference [C], 2004. WCNC.2004 IEEE,21225M arch 2004, 2: 8612866.
[6] Hong Yong-geun, Myung-KiShin. Hyoung-Jun Kim. Access router based fast handover for mobile IPv6 [C]. Advanced Communication Technology, 2004.The 6th International Conference, 2004, 1: 1292132.
[7] Gwon Y, Kempf J, Yegin. A Scalability and robustness analysis of mobile IPv6 [A]. Fast Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, and Hybrid IPv6 Mobility Protocols Using a Large-scale Simulation [C]. Communications, 2004 IEEE International Conference on, 20224 June 2004, 7: 408724091.
[8] Yao Wei-min, Chen Yaw-chung. An enhanced buffer management scheme for fast handover protocol [C]. 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Work shops-W7: EC (ICDCSW '04), M arch 23 2 24, 2004, Hachio ji,Tokyo, Japan: 8962902.
[9] Omae K, Okajima I, Umeda N. Mobility anchor point discovery protocol for hierarchical mobile IPv6 [C]. Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004. WCNC.2004 IEEE, Volume: 4 , 21225M arch 2004, 4:236522370.
[10] Robert Hsieh, Zhe Guang Zhou, Aruna Seneviratne. S-MIP: A Seamless Handoff Architecture for Mobile IP [C]. INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE, 30 March23 April 2003, 3:177421784.
[11] Sethom K, Afifi H, Pujolle G. Wireless MPLS: a. new layer2.5 micro-mobility scheme [C].ACM MobiWac 2004, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
[12] Grimminger J, Huth H P. Mobile MPLS-a MPLS based micro mobility concept [Z]. Wireless World Research Forum, Stockholm, Sep 2001.
[13] Ren Z, Tham C, Foo C, et al. Integration of mobile IP and multi-protocol label switching[C]. IEEE ICC 2001.
[14] Chen Y, Yan Z. Effect of the label management in mobile IP over MPLS networks[C].AINA 2003.
[15] Xie K, Wong V , Leung V. Support of micro-mobility in MPLS-based wireless access networks [C]. IEEE Proc. CNC'03, 2003, 124221247.
[16] Su Kyoung LEE. An efficient handover control scheme supporting micro-mobility in MPLS-based wireless Internet[C]. IEICE Trans Commun 2005 E882B:151121516.
[17] Yang T, Dong Y, Zhang Y, et al. Practical. Approaches for supporting micro mobility with MPLS[C]. ICT 2002, Beijing, China, June 23, 2002.
[18] Vassiliou V, Owen H, Barlow D, et al. M-MPLS: micromobility-enabled multiprotocol label switching [C]. ICC'03, 2003, 2502255.
[19] Kim H, Wong K S D, W aiW , et al. Mobility-aware MPLS in IP-based wireless access networks [C]. In: Proc. IEEE Globecom 2001, 6: 344423448, San Antonio,TX,USA,November 2001.
[20] Kaddour M , Pautet L. Towards an adaptable message oriented middleware for mobile environment [C]. ASWN 2003.
[21] Miska Sulander, Timo Hama lainen, AriViinikainen, etal. Flow 2based fast handover method for mobile IPv6 network [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE 59th Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'S04) , May 2004, Milan,Italy.
[22] JOHNSON D, PERKINS C, ARK KO J. Mobility Support in IPv6[S]. RFC3775,June 2004:5-105.
[23] Hsieh R, Seneviratne A. Performance Analysis on Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 with Fast-handoff over TCP[D]. Proceedings of GLOBECOM, Taipei, 2002.
[24] "OriNoCo Manager Suit User Guide," http://www.orinocowireless.com.
[25] Z.-G. Zhou, R. Chen, P. Chumchu and A. Seneviratne.. A Software Based Indoor Relative Location Management System. Proceedings of Wireless and Optical Communications, Canada, 2002.
[26] T. Larsson, Y. Ismailov and A.A. Nilsson. Performance Characteristics of Multiplexed TCP Connections. Proceedings of SPECTS, 2000.
[27] S. Thomson, T. Narten. IPv6 Stateless Address Auto configuration. RFC 2462,December 1998.
[28] Alejandro Quintero , Samuel Pierre, Larbi Alaoui. A mobility management model based on users' mobility profiles for IPv6 networks. Computer Communications. 30 (2006) 66-80.
[29] G. Chakraborty, B. Bista, D. Chakrabort, N. Shiratori. Location management in PCN by movement prediction of the mobile host. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics ISIE 2002, Vol. 1, 2002, pp.78-83.
[30] E. Cayirci, I. Akyildiz. User mobility pattern scheme for location update and paging in wireless systems, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput.l (3) (2002) 236-247.
[31] J. Markoulidakis, G. Lyberopoulos, M. Anagnostou. Traffic model for third generation cellular mobile telecommunication systems. Wireless Networks 4 (5)(1998) 389-400.
[32] H. Safa, S. Pierre, J. Conan. A built-in memory model for reducing location update costs in mobile wireless network. Comput Commun.25 (14) (2002) 1343-1353.
[33] G. Pollini, I. Chih-Lin. A profile-based location strategy and its performance.IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 15 (8) (1997) 1415-1424.
[34] 徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀.NS与网络模拟.北京.人民邮电出版社. 2003年.
[35] Jani Puttonen, Ari Viinikainen, Miska Sulander, et al. Ananalysis of the flow-based fast handover method for mobileIPv6 network [C]. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on E-business and Telecommunication Networks.August 2004, Setubal, Portugal.
[36] Castelluccia C. A hierarchical mobility management scheme for IPv6 [C].Proceedings of the Third IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications.1998 (ISCC '98). 30 June22July 1998, 3052309.
[37] Ernst T, Castelluccia C, Lach H2Y. Extending mobile-IPv6 with multicast to support mobile networks in IPv6 [C]. 1stEuropean Conference on Universal Multiservice Networks 2000(ECUMN 2000). 224 Oct. 2000: 1142121.
[38] Xavier Perez2Costa, Marc Torrent-Moreno, Hannes Hartenstein. A performance comparison of Mobile IPv6,Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, fast handovers for Mobile IPv6and their combination [Z]. ACM SIG MOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review (October 2003), 7(4).
[39] Omae K, Ikeda T, Inoue M, et al. Mobile node extension employing buffering function to improve handoff performance[C]. The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications 2002. Volume: I, 27230 Oct.2002, 62266.
[40] Charles E Perk ins. Mobile IP at IETF [Z]. ACM SIG MOBILE mobile computing and communications review (October 2003), 7 (4).
[41] Rajiv Chakravorty, Pablo Vidales, Kavitha Subramanian, et al. Practical experience with wireless networks integration using Mobile IPv6 [Z] . ACM SIG MOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, October 2003, 7 (4).
[42] Hamdaoui B, Ramanathan P. A network-layer soft handoff approach for mobile wireless IP-based systems [J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal,2004, 22: 6302642.
[43] Tang D, Baker M. Analysis of a local-area wireless network[C]. ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM) ,2000.
[44] Perkins C. IP Mobility support for IPv4 [S]. RFC 3344,Internet Engineering Task Force, August 2002.
[45] Hsieh R, Seneviratne A, Soliman H, et al. Performance analysis on hierarchical mobile IPv6 with fast-handoff over end-to-end TCP[C]. Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE , Volume: 3,17221 Nov. 2002, 3:248822492.
[46] Sharma S, Ningning Zhu, Tzi-cker Chiue. Low-latency mobile IP handoff for infrastructure-mode wireless LANs [J]. IEEE Journal, M ay 2004, 22 (4) : 6432 652.
[47] Jun-Seob Lee, Jae-HongMin, Sang-Ha Kim. Considerations for designing fast handoff mechanisms in mobile IPv6 [C]. Advanced Communication Technology, 2004. The 6th International Conference on, 2004, 1: 21224.
[48] IETF Mobile IPv6 Working Group [EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/html.Charters/mip62charter.html.
[49] IETF MIPSHOP Working Group [EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip shop-charter.html.
[50] IETF MIP6 Working Group[EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip6-charter.html.
[51] Deering S, Hinden R. Internet protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) [S].RFC 2460,December 1998.
[52] Thomson S, Narten T. IPv6 stateless address auto configuration[S]. RFC 2462,December 1998.
[53] Narten T, Nordmark E, Simpson W. Neighbor discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) [S]. RFC 2461, December 1998.
[54] Devarapalli V, Arkko J. Using IPsec to protect mobile IPv6signaling between mobile nodes and home agents [S]. RFC3776,2004.
[55] HUT MIPL Mobile IPv6 for Linux [ EB/OL]. h ttp://www.mobile-ipv6.org.
[56] Rajahalme J, Conta A, Carpenter B, et al. IPv6 flow label specification [S]. RFC 3697, March 2004.
[57] Rosen E, Viswanathan A, Callon R. Multiprotocol labels witching architecture [S]. RFC 3031, January 2001.
[58] I. Vivaldi, B, Ali, H, Habaebi, V, Prakash, A, Sali. Routing scheme for macromobility handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6 network. Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Telecommunication Technology. 2003, pp.88-92.
[59] C. Vogt. A comprehensive and efficient handoff procedure for IPv6mobility support. Proceedings of the International Symposium on a World of Wireless.Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2006, pp.212-218.
[60] A. Valko, J. Gomez, A. Campbell, Cellular IP, IETF, draft-valko-cellularip-OO.txt,November 1998.
[61] C. Guo, H. Wu, Q. Zhang, J. Song, J. Zhou, C. Huitema, W. Zhu, End-system-based mobility support in IPv6, IEEE J. Sel. AreasCommun. 23 (11) (2005)2104-2117.
[62] C. Lee, L. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Sun, A framework of handoffs inwireless overlay networks based on mobile IPv6, IEEE J. Sel. AreasCommun. 23 (11) (2005)2118-2128.
[63] W. Lai, J. Chiu, Improving handoff performance in wireless overlaynetworks by switching between two-layer IPv6 and one-layer IPv6addressing, IEEE J. Sel.Areas Commun. 23 (11) (2005) 2129-2137.
[64] T. Yang, Y. Dong, B. Zhou, D. Makrakisv. Profile-based mobile MPLS protocol.IEEE CCECE 2002. Proceedings of the Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 3, 2002, pp. 1352-1356.