华北石质山区栓皮栎、杜仲径向和轴向液流分布特征研究
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摘要
华北石质山区是华北平原的重要生态屏障,一直是退耕还林等林业生态工程建设的重点区域。栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)和杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)是华北石质山区典型人工林的代表树种,本文研究了该两种树种液流的径向和轴向分布特征,旨在为精确测算树干液流提供理论依据。主要结论如下：
1、栓皮栎径向液流沿边材从外到内呈现“低-高-低”的分布特点,Fd_30(径向30mm处液流密度)明显高于Fd_50(径向50mm处液流密度)和Fd_10(径向10mm处液流密度)。三个深度液流密度与径向液流密度平均值均具有较大差异,无论以Fd_10、Fd_30和Fd_50中的任何一个值代替整个边材面积上的液流密度均值进行蒸腾量计算,都可能导致最后的蒸腾测量结果产生很大的误差。在整个生长季,栓皮栎径向不同深度液流密度均与空气温度和太阳辐射保持显著正相关,与空气相对湿度保持显著负相关。风速对Fd_10影响显著,对深层Fd_30、Fd_50影响较小。整个生长季三个深度液流密度与降水相关性均不显著,但与土壤20cm深处水分含量呈显著正相关。在连续干旱,土壤水分胁迫条件下,栓皮栎径向三个深度液流密度的关系为Fd_30>Fd_10>Fd_50；土壤水分非胁迫条件下,关系为Fd_30>Fd_50>Fd_10。
栓皮栎液流密度在轴向东南西北四个方向上变化趋势基本一致。四个方向上液流密度相关性显著,其相关系数均在0.90以上,液流密度大小关系表现为N 2、杜仲径向液流差异明显。Fd_30显著高于Fd_10。若以Fd_10、Fd_30中的任何一个值作为整个边材面积上的液流密度均值进行整株蒸腾量计算,都会导致最后的结果产生很大的误差。杜仲径向液流密度Fd_10、Fd_30在整个生长季均与太阳辐射、气温、相对湿度、风速具有显著相关性,与降水相关性不显著,但是与土壤水分含量具有极显著的相关性。杜仲径向液流密度在典型天气条件下,表现为Fd_30>Fd_10的趋势。
杜仲液流密度在轴向四个方向上变化趋势基本一致。四个方向上液流密度相关性显著,其相关系数在0.90以上,四个方向上液流密度大小表现为WThe lithoid hilly area of North-China is an important ecological barrier in North China Plain, and the key areas of the forest ecological programme such as returning farmland to forest. Quercus variabilis and Eucommia ulmoides are the typical plantation in the lithoid hilly areas of North-China. The spatial variation characteristics of sap flow of the two species were analysed, including the sap flow radial distribution and the sap flow in different directions. The results are:
1、Radial sap flow of Quercus variabilis showed the trend of "low-high-low" in the whole growing season. The value of Fd_30 was higher than Fd_50 and Fd_10.Throughout the whole growing season, Fd_10, Fd_10 and Fd_50 were different from the average sap flow through the sapwood. If any one of the values of Fd_10, Fd_30 and Fd_50 was selected as the average sap flow through the sapwood, the final sap flow outcome will lead to large errors. Throughout the whole growing season, Quercus variabilis radial sap flow at different depths maintain a significant positive correlation with air temperature and solar radiation, and a significant negative correlation with air relative humidity. Wind speed significantly affected Fd_10, but affected Fd 30 and Fd_50 smaller. The radial sap flow had not significant correlation with precipitation but showed significant positive correlation with 20cm deep soil moisture content throughout the whole growing season.The relationship is Fd_30>Fd_10>Fd_50 in the successive droughts and soil moisture stress conditions, and the relationship is Fd_30>Fd_50>Fd_10 in non-stress conditions.
The sap flows in four azimuths had the similar trend. Moreover. The sap flow showed a significant correlation in four directions, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.90, moreover, the relationship of sap flow in four directions was N 2、Radial sap flow of Eucommia ulmoides changed Significant in the growing season, and Fd 30 was higher than Fd_10 significant. If any one of the values of Fd_10 and Fd 30 was selected as the average sap flow through the sapwood, the final sap flow outcome will lead to large errors.The radial sap flow of Fd_10 and Fd_30 all had the significant correlation with solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed throughout the whole growing season. It had not significant correlation with precipitation, but had significant correlation with soil moisture content. The radial sap flow of Eucommia ulmoides showed Fd_30>Fd_10 in the typical whether condition.
The sap flows in the four azimuths had the similar trend. The sap flow showed a significant correlation in four directions, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.90. The sap flow in four directions showed W
1、栓皮栎径向液流沿边材从外到内呈现“低-高-低”的分布特点,Fd_30(径向30mm处液流密度)明显高于Fd_50(径向50mm处液流密度)和Fd_10(径向10mm处液流密度)。三个深度液流密度与径向液流密度平均值均具有较大差异,无论以Fd_10、Fd_30和Fd_50中的任何一个值代替整个边材面积上的液流密度均值进行蒸腾量计算,都可能导致最后的蒸腾测量结果产生很大的误差。在整个生长季,栓皮栎径向不同深度液流密度均与空气温度和太阳辐射保持显著正相关,与空气相对湿度保持显著负相关。风速对Fd_10影响显著,对深层Fd_30、Fd_50影响较小。整个生长季三个深度液流密度与降水相关性均不显著,但与土壤20cm深处水分含量呈显著正相关。在连续干旱,土壤水分胁迫条件下,栓皮栎径向三个深度液流密度的关系为Fd_30>Fd_10>Fd_50；土壤水分非胁迫条件下,关系为Fd_30>Fd_50>Fd_10。
栓皮栎液流密度在轴向东南西北四个方向上变化趋势基本一致。四个方向上液流密度相关性显著,其相关系数均在0.90以上,液流密度大小关系表现为N
杜仲液流密度在轴向四个方向上变化趋势基本一致。四个方向上液流密度相关性显著,其相关系数在0.90以上,四个方向上液流密度大小表现为W
1、Radial sap flow of Quercus variabilis showed the trend of "low-high-low" in the whole growing season. The value of Fd_30 was higher than Fd_50 and Fd_10.Throughout the whole growing season, Fd_10, Fd_10 and Fd_50 were different from the average sap flow through the sapwood. If any one of the values of Fd_10, Fd_30 and Fd_50 was selected as the average sap flow through the sapwood, the final sap flow outcome will lead to large errors. Throughout the whole growing season, Quercus variabilis radial sap flow at different depths maintain a significant positive correlation with air temperature and solar radiation, and a significant negative correlation with air relative humidity. Wind speed significantly affected Fd_10, but affected Fd 30 and Fd_50 smaller. The radial sap flow had not significant correlation with precipitation but showed significant positive correlation with 20cm deep soil moisture content throughout the whole growing season.The relationship is Fd_30>Fd_10>Fd_50 in the successive droughts and soil moisture stress conditions, and the relationship is Fd_30>Fd_50>Fd_10 in non-stress conditions.
The sap flows in four azimuths had the similar trend. Moreover. The sap flow showed a significant correlation in four directions, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.90, moreover, the relationship of sap flow in four directions was N
The sap flows in the four azimuths had the similar trend. The sap flow showed a significant correlation in four directions, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.90. The sap flow in four directions showed W
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