高锰酸钾预氧化复合矿物质与PAC混凝去除水中颤藻的研究
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摘要
近些年来,我国水华事件频发,严重影响了人们的用水安全。目前供水处理厂净化水质应用最普遍的是以无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)为主的混凝法,但形成的絮体疏松,沉降性能较差,不能达到有效分离水藻的目的。而且,为了达到较好的处理效果,过量添加PAC会导致水体残余铝浓度增加,污染水体。絮凝时加入粘土矿物可提高絮凝效果,但活的絮体在光合作用下释放氧气使藻絮体上浮,造成二次污染。
本研究采用高锰酸钾对含藻水进行预氧化,使水体中的藻类失去活性,沉降后不能再进行光合作用,防止沉降后的絮体由于释放氧气而气浮上升。而后以食品助剂级天然矿物为助凝剂,复合PAC混凝去除给水中的藻类。
藻毒素是对人体危害极大的一种物质,在给水处理中,如何防止藻细胞破例而释放藻毒素也是预氧化处理中值得十分注意的一个问题。
本研究采用正交试验法考察了KMnO4投加量及预氧化时间,复合高岭土投加量与粒径,PAC投加量等因素,通过直观分析,得到高锰酸钾预氧化复合高岭土与PAC除藻的最佳混凝条件为:pH值为8.0;高锰酸钾、PAC的投加量分别为0.5mg/L和2.5mg/L;高岭土粒径为160目、投加量为50mg/L;预氧化时间为15分钟。经试验验证,在试验水质条件下,KMnO4预氧化对复合混凝去除水中的浊度、叶绿素a有明显的促进作用,去除率分别为96.9%和98.3%。实验效果优于相同条件下高龄土复合PAC的除藻效果。
实验中还发现,高锰酸钾预氧化不仅可以抑制颤藻的活性,特别是KMnO4氧化水解产生的水合二氧化锰作为凝结核有效促进了絮体的形成,并使之更加密实、易沉降,且沉降后藻絮体不再上浮。
通过显微镜观测,高锰酸钾预氧化未使颤藻细胞壁破裂,避免了藻毒素的释放,提高了处理后水质。
In the past few years, water safety has been seriously influenced by the bloom events in China. At present the main method for purifying water in water treatment plants is coagulation with inorganic polymer flocculants polyaluminum chloride (PAC). However, the formed floccules are too incompact to subside effectively to separate algae from water effectively. And excessive dosage of PAC will increase the concentration of residual aluminum, which will pollute the water. The flocculation effect could be improved by adding clay mineral, but the flocculating constituents may floating up, because of the oxygen that released by algae photosynthesis.
The removal of Oscillatoria by using the potassium permanganate as the per-oxidant agent was studied in this work. The activity of Oscillatoria was inhibited. The floccules will not floating up after the settlement, because of oxygen that released through photosynthesis. Then, algae was removed by using PAC and kaolin as the co-coagulation agents.
Algae toxin is extremely harmful to human body. How to prevent algae toxin from releasing into the water due to the destruction of algae cell walls during the oxidation process should also be paid attention.
Dosage of potassium permanganate, kaolin and PAC, pre-oxidation time of potassium permanganate, particle size of kaolin, were determined by orthogonal experiments. The suitable removal results were: pH8.0, potassium permanganate concentration 0.5 mg/L, PAC concentration 2.5mg/L, kaolin dosage 50 mg/L, particle size 160 mesh, and pre-oxidation time 15 min. Under these conditions, removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll (a) reached 96.9% and 98.3% respectively, which is better than the effect of removal of algae by flocculating with kaolin.
The results showed that the hydrated manganese dioxide acting as the condensation nucleus promoted the flocculation process by forming the dense aggregates to settle the Oscillatoria.
And cell walls of Oscillatoria were not destructed during the oxidation process and therefore the leak of poisonous substances was avoided. Water quality has been improved.
本研究采用高锰酸钾对含藻水进行预氧化,使水体中的藻类失去活性,沉降后不能再进行光合作用,防止沉降后的絮体由于释放氧气而气浮上升。而后以食品助剂级天然矿物为助凝剂,复合PAC混凝去除给水中的藻类。
藻毒素是对人体危害极大的一种物质,在给水处理中,如何防止藻细胞破例而释放藻毒素也是预氧化处理中值得十分注意的一个问题。
本研究采用正交试验法考察了KMnO4投加量及预氧化时间,复合高岭土投加量与粒径,PAC投加量等因素,通过直观分析,得到高锰酸钾预氧化复合高岭土与PAC除藻的最佳混凝条件为:pH值为8.0;高锰酸钾、PAC的投加量分别为0.5mg/L和2.5mg/L;高岭土粒径为160目、投加量为50mg/L;预氧化时间为15分钟。经试验验证,在试验水质条件下,KMnO4预氧化对复合混凝去除水中的浊度、叶绿素a有明显的促进作用,去除率分别为96.9%和98.3%。实验效果优于相同条件下高龄土复合PAC的除藻效果。
实验中还发现,高锰酸钾预氧化不仅可以抑制颤藻的活性,特别是KMnO4氧化水解产生的水合二氧化锰作为凝结核有效促进了絮体的形成,并使之更加密实、易沉降,且沉降后藻絮体不再上浮。
通过显微镜观测,高锰酸钾预氧化未使颤藻细胞壁破裂,避免了藻毒素的释放,提高了处理后水质。
In the past few years, water safety has been seriously influenced by the bloom events in China. At present the main method for purifying water in water treatment plants is coagulation with inorganic polymer flocculants polyaluminum chloride (PAC). However, the formed floccules are too incompact to subside effectively to separate algae from water effectively. And excessive dosage of PAC will increase the concentration of residual aluminum, which will pollute the water. The flocculation effect could be improved by adding clay mineral, but the flocculating constituents may floating up, because of the oxygen that released by algae photosynthesis.
The removal of Oscillatoria by using the potassium permanganate as the per-oxidant agent was studied in this work. The activity of Oscillatoria was inhibited. The floccules will not floating up after the settlement, because of oxygen that released through photosynthesis. Then, algae was removed by using PAC and kaolin as the co-coagulation agents.
Algae toxin is extremely harmful to human body. How to prevent algae toxin from releasing into the water due to the destruction of algae cell walls during the oxidation process should also be paid attention.
Dosage of potassium permanganate, kaolin and PAC, pre-oxidation time of potassium permanganate, particle size of kaolin, were determined by orthogonal experiments. The suitable removal results were: pH8.0, potassium permanganate concentration 0.5 mg/L, PAC concentration 2.5mg/L, kaolin dosage 50 mg/L, particle size 160 mesh, and pre-oxidation time 15 min. Under these conditions, removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll (a) reached 96.9% and 98.3% respectively, which is better than the effect of removal of algae by flocculating with kaolin.
The results showed that the hydrated manganese dioxide acting as the condensation nucleus promoted the flocculation process by forming the dense aggregates to settle the Oscillatoria.
And cell walls of Oscillatoria were not destructed during the oxidation process and therefore the leak of poisonous substances was avoided. Water quality has been improved.
引文
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