基于MAP汽油发动机富氧进气控制方法的研究
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摘要
能源和环境是人类赖以生存的根本,能源短缺与环境污染己经成为阻碍社会可持续发展的两大难题,汽车在给人类带来文明进步的同时,也带来了大量的资源消耗和严重的环境污染。富氧进气能够增加进气中的O2等助燃气体的体积分数,进而改善发动机的燃烧状况,提高动力性,改善燃料经济性并降低HC和CO的排放,但同时会引发NOx排放过高的负面效应。本文以风冷四冲程单缸汽油发动机为研究对象,提出基于MAP的一种富氧进气控制方法,根据发动机运行工况控制进气中的氧体积分数,保证发动机在目标富氧进气组分条件下实现稳定可控燃烧,从而达到节能减排的目的,主要进行了以下几方面的研究工作：
第一,借鉴喷油控制、点火控制和EGR控制等方法,提出了基于MAP的汽油机富氧进气控制方法；构建了根据发动机运行工况匹配目标氧体积分数控制量的富氧进气配气试验系统,搭建了富氧进气控制发动机台架试验系统；设计了汽油机富氧进气测控系统,基于C语言开发了汽油机富氧进气测控系统软件。
第二,在模型法和图表法的基础上,提出了汽油机富氧进气MAP图的测取方法,分析了进气MAP图的稳态控制参数和动态控制参数对控制效果的影响；根据节气门开度变化率等动态控制参数,对进气氧体积分数控制量进行了修正,完成了稳态进气MAP图的动态修正,实现了富氧进气的动态MAP控制；根据试验用汽油机的结构参数,确定了MAP控制的富氧配气比例。
第三,基于富氧进气MAP控制的不同目标,根据PWM原理控制氧气流量电磁阀的通断周期及占空比,匹配了各个工况点的目标氧体积分数控制量；生成了动力型、经济型、和排放型进气初始MAP图,同时绘制了转矩、油耗率、HC排放、CO排放和NOx排放的万有特性曲线；利用双三次插值法,对各种类型的进气初始MAP图进行了插值优化计算,得到全工况范围内的基本进气氧体积分数控制量；生成了动力型、经济型和排放型进气插值MAP图。
第四,提出了基于不同类型MAP图的富氧进气控制策略和富氧进气组合型控制策略,生成了组合型进气初始MAP图和组合型进气插值MAP图。基于组合型控制策略,在富氧进气控制条件下进行了汽油机万有特性试验,并与发动机常态进气条件进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,最大转矩增大了15.85%、最低油耗率降低了17.05%、最低HC排放量下降了11.65%、最低CO排放量减小了13.89%、最低NOx排放量增大了7.55%。试验过程中富氧进气测控系统稳定工作,最大控制误差不超过±1.5%,平均误差不超过±0.5%；最大响应时间不超过6s,平均响应时间不超过5s。
第五,根据富氧进气MAP控制的不同控制目标,分别采用常态进气和MAP控制富氧进气两种方式,进行了速度特性、负荷特性、万有特性等验证性试验,对汽油机的转矩、油耗率、HC排放量、CO排放量和NOx排放量等指标参数进行了对比分析。验证结果表明,动力型进气MAP控制能够大幅提升汽油机的动力性能,经济型进气MAP控制能够明显提高汽油机的经济性能,排放型进气MAP控制能够相对改善汽油机的排放性能,组合型进气MAP控制能够全面提升汽油机的综合性能。
Energy and environment are essential for human survival, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become obstacles to society sustainable development for the time being. The automobile brings not only mankind civilization progress but also a lot of resource consumption and serious environmental pollution. Rich oxygen combustion technology could increase the the O2volume fraction, and then improve the combustion condition and promote the dynamic performance. As a result, the rich oxygen can decrease the HC and CO emission, but it also brings the high emission of NOx. Therefore, this paper presented the oxygen-enriched intake air control method based on MAP through an air-cooling four stroke gas engine, which through study the oxygen volume, to define the controlled combustion, and then optimize the dynamic performance, economical performance, and emission performance, and finally decreace the exhaust gas. The main contents are shown as follows:
(1) According to foe injection control and ignition and EGR controlled method, this paper puted forward the MAP control method, then established the test system and bench test system. In additional, the hardware control platform and the software system based on C have been designed.
(2) This paper proposed the oxygen-enriched MAP test method base on the module and diagram. Influence of intake MAP static control parameters and dynamic parameters for control effect is also disscused. The intake oxygen volume fraction control quantity is revised at first, and then the dynamic revise is carried out of static MAP diagram according to the throttle percentage change rate, so the dynamic MAP control for oxygen-enrich intake is achieved. Furtherfore, the valve ration of MAP is defined base on the construction.
(3) The intake oxygen control quantity is defined according to the PWM based on the various MAP control goals, and the dynamic MAP, economical MAP, emission MAP and comprehensive MAP are produced. Moreover, universal characters curve in torque, oil consumption, HC emission, CO emission and NOx emission curve is drawed. The different type intake MAPs are optimized through double three insert method, and then get the oxygen volume controlled quantity for full condition, so the dynamic intake insert MAP, economical MAP, emission MAP and comprehensive MAP are produced.
(4) Promote the various combined control trageies based on MAP, and produce the combined intake initial MAP diagrame and insert MAP diagrame, and the universal character experiment for gasoline is carried out based on it. The result shows that, the largest torque increases12.94%, the least fuel consumption decreases17.05%, the least HC emission decreases11.65%, and the CO is13.89%, furthermore, the least NOx emission increases7.55%. The experimental syatem is stable, and the largest control error is±1.5%, average control error is±0.5%, the largest response time is short than6s and the average response time is short than5s.
(5) Normal intake and oxygen-enriched intake MAP control are adoptted to verification test for the engine characters in speed, load and universal according to the different control goals of oxygen-enriched intake MAP. Moreover, the compration analysis of the torque, fuel consumption, HC emission, CO emission and NOx emission for gasoline engine are also carried. The verification results show that, the dynamic intake MAP could promote the dynamic performance largely of gasoline engine, the economic intake MAP could promote the economic performance largely of gasoline engine, the emmission intake MAP control could promote the gas economical performance of gasoline engine and the combined intake MAP could promote the gas comprehensive performace of gasoline engine, respectively.
第一,借鉴喷油控制、点火控制和EGR控制等方法,提出了基于MAP的汽油机富氧进气控制方法；构建了根据发动机运行工况匹配目标氧体积分数控制量的富氧进气配气试验系统,搭建了富氧进气控制发动机台架试验系统；设计了汽油机富氧进气测控系统,基于C语言开发了汽油机富氧进气测控系统软件。
第二,在模型法和图表法的基础上,提出了汽油机富氧进气MAP图的测取方法,分析了进气MAP图的稳态控制参数和动态控制参数对控制效果的影响；根据节气门开度变化率等动态控制参数,对进气氧体积分数控制量进行了修正,完成了稳态进气MAP图的动态修正,实现了富氧进气的动态MAP控制；根据试验用汽油机的结构参数,确定了MAP控制的富氧配气比例。
第三,基于富氧进气MAP控制的不同目标,根据PWM原理控制氧气流量电磁阀的通断周期及占空比,匹配了各个工况点的目标氧体积分数控制量；生成了动力型、经济型、和排放型进气初始MAP图,同时绘制了转矩、油耗率、HC排放、CO排放和NOx排放的万有特性曲线；利用双三次插值法,对各种类型的进气初始MAP图进行了插值优化计算,得到全工况范围内的基本进气氧体积分数控制量；生成了动力型、经济型和排放型进气插值MAP图。
第四,提出了基于不同类型MAP图的富氧进气控制策略和富氧进气组合型控制策略,生成了组合型进气初始MAP图和组合型进气插值MAP图。基于组合型控制策略,在富氧进气控制条件下进行了汽油机万有特性试验,并与发动机常态进气条件进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,最大转矩增大了15.85%、最低油耗率降低了17.05%、最低HC排放量下降了11.65%、最低CO排放量减小了13.89%、最低NOx排放量增大了7.55%。试验过程中富氧进气测控系统稳定工作,最大控制误差不超过±1.5%,平均误差不超过±0.5%；最大响应时间不超过6s,平均响应时间不超过5s。
第五,根据富氧进气MAP控制的不同控制目标,分别采用常态进气和MAP控制富氧进气两种方式,进行了速度特性、负荷特性、万有特性等验证性试验,对汽油机的转矩、油耗率、HC排放量、CO排放量和NOx排放量等指标参数进行了对比分析。验证结果表明,动力型进气MAP控制能够大幅提升汽油机的动力性能,经济型进气MAP控制能够明显提高汽油机的经济性能,排放型进气MAP控制能够相对改善汽油机的排放性能,组合型进气MAP控制能够全面提升汽油机的综合性能。
Energy and environment are essential for human survival, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become obstacles to society sustainable development for the time being. The automobile brings not only mankind civilization progress but also a lot of resource consumption and serious environmental pollution. Rich oxygen combustion technology could increase the the O2volume fraction, and then improve the combustion condition and promote the dynamic performance. As a result, the rich oxygen can decrease the HC and CO emission, but it also brings the high emission of NOx. Therefore, this paper presented the oxygen-enriched intake air control method based on MAP through an air-cooling four stroke gas engine, which through study the oxygen volume, to define the controlled combustion, and then optimize the dynamic performance, economical performance, and emission performance, and finally decreace the exhaust gas. The main contents are shown as follows:
(1) According to foe injection control and ignition and EGR controlled method, this paper puted forward the MAP control method, then established the test system and bench test system. In additional, the hardware control platform and the software system based on C have been designed.
(2) This paper proposed the oxygen-enriched MAP test method base on the module and diagram. Influence of intake MAP static control parameters and dynamic parameters for control effect is also disscused. The intake oxygen volume fraction control quantity is revised at first, and then the dynamic revise is carried out of static MAP diagram according to the throttle percentage change rate, so the dynamic MAP control for oxygen-enrich intake is achieved. Furtherfore, the valve ration of MAP is defined base on the construction.
(3) The intake oxygen control quantity is defined according to the PWM based on the various MAP control goals, and the dynamic MAP, economical MAP, emission MAP and comprehensive MAP are produced. Moreover, universal characters curve in torque, oil consumption, HC emission, CO emission and NOx emission curve is drawed. The different type intake MAPs are optimized through double three insert method, and then get the oxygen volume controlled quantity for full condition, so the dynamic intake insert MAP, economical MAP, emission MAP and comprehensive MAP are produced.
(4) Promote the various combined control trageies based on MAP, and produce the combined intake initial MAP diagrame and insert MAP diagrame, and the universal character experiment for gasoline is carried out based on it. The result shows that, the largest torque increases12.94%, the least fuel consumption decreases17.05%, the least HC emission decreases11.65%, and the CO is13.89%, furthermore, the least NOx emission increases7.55%. The experimental syatem is stable, and the largest control error is±1.5%, average control error is±0.5%, the largest response time is short than6s and the average response time is short than5s.
(5) Normal intake and oxygen-enriched intake MAP control are adoptted to verification test for the engine characters in speed, load and universal according to the different control goals of oxygen-enriched intake MAP. Moreover, the compration analysis of the torque, fuel consumption, HC emission, CO emission and NOx emission for gasoline engine are also carried. The verification results show that, the dynamic intake MAP could promote the dynamic performance largely of gasoline engine, the economic intake MAP could promote the economic performance largely of gasoline engine, the emmission intake MAP control could promote the gas economical performance of gasoline engine and the combined intake MAP could promote the gas comprehensive performace of gasoline engine, respectively.
引文
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