郑州市大气污染的数值模拟及其区域输送影响研究
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摘要
近年来,我国的大气环境问题愈加突出,重大污染事件频发。随着国际压力的增大和公众对环境质量要求的不断提高,如何控制大气污染、改善空气质量也成为愈来愈紧迫的问题。空气质量模式是空气质量研究的重要工具,可用于研究大气污染时空变化规律,预报大气污染演变态势,评估大气污染控制措施效果,在科研和业务预报上都有着重要的作用。本论文旨在通过区域空气质量模型的模拟,分析郑州地区主要大气污染物浓度的时空分布现状,探讨污染物的形成过程,研究区域间污染物的传输,以期为区域大气污染控制对策的制定提供理论基础。
本论文采用WRF-NAQPMS区域空气质量模式系统,分别挑选了春季和冬季的典型污染过程,采用嵌套网格模式,对于污染物的浓度和时空分布进行了模拟分析,并采用质量追踪法研究了区域输送对郑州市空气质量的影响,得到了以下主要研究结论：
(1)模式模拟的气象要素和污染物浓度结果均和实际情况具有较好的一致性,说明NAQPMS模式可以较为合理的反应区域污染物的浓度变化和输送过程。
(2)通过分析天气形势和污染物的时空分布,可以发现天气条件对污染物的累积、污染形成以及清除有着重要影响。
(3)区域输送对郑州地区空气质量有较大影响。从本文模拟的两个个例来看,区域输送对郑州市污染物的影响不容小视。2011年3月份的污染过程中,河南以外地区对郑州主要污染物的平均输送影响为15%-20%,污染物浓度最高时外部输送影响超过50%；2013年1月份的污染过程中,外部地区对郑州市PM2.5的平均输送影响为36%,最高日均值达到了55%。
(4)不同污染物的区域输送情况有较大差异。本文模拟的同一个污染过程中,PM2.5受区域输送影响较大,SO2和NOx受区域输送影响较小。这主要是因为PM2.5中二次组分较多,在远程传输的过程中影响更为显著。
(5)天气条件尤其是风场对区域间污染物的输送有重要影响。
(6)通过模式系统可以实现郑州空气质量的自动化预报。
In recent years, the problem of atmospheric environment of China becomes more and more prominent, and major environmental pollution accidents take place frequently. Henan Province is one of the areas where have most serious air pollution in China. Zhengzhou is the core city of the Central Plains Economic Zone and has an irreplaceable role in the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone. With Economic developing, how to control air pollution and improve air quality has also become more and more pressing issue. Due to the objective constraints like manpower and funds, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollutants can not be fully grasped. Air quality model is an important tool for the study of air pollution. It can be used to study the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric pollution, forecast the evolution of air pollution situation, and assess the effect of air pollution control measures. It has begun to play an increasingly important role in scientific research and operational forecasting of air quality. This paper aims to analysis the spatial and temporal distribution status of Henan air pollutant, explore the formation process of the pollutants, and study the transmission of pollutants between the areas by simulation of regional air quality model, in order to offer theoretical basis to the formulation of regional air pollution control measures.
This paper adopted the WRF-NAQPMS regional air quality model system, and selected typical pollution process of spring and winter. With the using of nested grid model, the spatial and temporal distribution of concentration of pollutants was simulated and analyzed, and the impact of regional transport to air quality of Zhengzhou was studied with a method of mass trajectory, the main conclusions are as the following:
(1)The meteorological elements and the concentration of pollutants simulated by the model and the actual situation have a good consistency, indicating that NAQPMS can reasonable represent the pollution variation process and transportation of the regions.
(2)By analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of the weather situation and pollutants, it can be found that the weather conditions have an important impact to the accumulation of pollutants and formation and clear of pollution.
(3) Regional transportation has a greater impact on the air quality in Zhengzhou region. Judging from the two simulated cases of this paper, the impact of regional transportation to Zhengzhou pollutants can not be overlooked. During the pollution process in March2011, the average impact of outside Henan to Zhengzhou major pollutants was about15%to20%, and when the highest concentration of pollutants appeared the external impact was more than50%. During the pollution process in January2013, the average impact of the external area to Zhengzhou PM2.5was36%, while the highest daily value was55%.
(4) There is big difference of regional transport to different pollutants. In the pollution process simulated by this paper, the impact of external area to PM2.5was larger than SO2and NOx. This is mainly because of that there is more secondary pollutant in PM2.5, and it has a more significant impact in the process of long-distance transmission.
(5)The weather conditions especially wind field the have an important impact on the transportation between different regions.
(6) Air quality automatic forecasting of Zhengzhou can be realized by the model system.
本论文采用WRF-NAQPMS区域空气质量模式系统,分别挑选了春季和冬季的典型污染过程,采用嵌套网格模式,对于污染物的浓度和时空分布进行了模拟分析,并采用质量追踪法研究了区域输送对郑州市空气质量的影响,得到了以下主要研究结论：
(1)模式模拟的气象要素和污染物浓度结果均和实际情况具有较好的一致性,说明NAQPMS模式可以较为合理的反应区域污染物的浓度变化和输送过程。
(2)通过分析天气形势和污染物的时空分布,可以发现天气条件对污染物的累积、污染形成以及清除有着重要影响。
(3)区域输送对郑州地区空气质量有较大影响。从本文模拟的两个个例来看,区域输送对郑州市污染物的影响不容小视。2011年3月份的污染过程中,河南以外地区对郑州主要污染物的平均输送影响为15%-20%,污染物浓度最高时外部输送影响超过50%；2013年1月份的污染过程中,外部地区对郑州市PM2.5的平均输送影响为36%,最高日均值达到了55%。
(4)不同污染物的区域输送情况有较大差异。本文模拟的同一个污染过程中,PM2.5受区域输送影响较大,SO2和NOx受区域输送影响较小。这主要是因为PM2.5中二次组分较多,在远程传输的过程中影响更为显著。
(5)天气条件尤其是风场对区域间污染物的输送有重要影响。
(6)通过模式系统可以实现郑州空气质量的自动化预报。
In recent years, the problem of atmospheric environment of China becomes more and more prominent, and major environmental pollution accidents take place frequently. Henan Province is one of the areas where have most serious air pollution in China. Zhengzhou is the core city of the Central Plains Economic Zone and has an irreplaceable role in the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone. With Economic developing, how to control air pollution and improve air quality has also become more and more pressing issue. Due to the objective constraints like manpower and funds, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollutants can not be fully grasped. Air quality model is an important tool for the study of air pollution. It can be used to study the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric pollution, forecast the evolution of air pollution situation, and assess the effect of air pollution control measures. It has begun to play an increasingly important role in scientific research and operational forecasting of air quality. This paper aims to analysis the spatial and temporal distribution status of Henan air pollutant, explore the formation process of the pollutants, and study the transmission of pollutants between the areas by simulation of regional air quality model, in order to offer theoretical basis to the formulation of regional air pollution control measures.
This paper adopted the WRF-NAQPMS regional air quality model system, and selected typical pollution process of spring and winter. With the using of nested grid model, the spatial and temporal distribution of concentration of pollutants was simulated and analyzed, and the impact of regional transport to air quality of Zhengzhou was studied with a method of mass trajectory, the main conclusions are as the following:
(1)The meteorological elements and the concentration of pollutants simulated by the model and the actual situation have a good consistency, indicating that NAQPMS can reasonable represent the pollution variation process and transportation of the regions.
(2)By analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of the weather situation and pollutants, it can be found that the weather conditions have an important impact to the accumulation of pollutants and formation and clear of pollution.
(3) Regional transportation has a greater impact on the air quality in Zhengzhou region. Judging from the two simulated cases of this paper, the impact of regional transportation to Zhengzhou pollutants can not be overlooked. During the pollution process in March2011, the average impact of outside Henan to Zhengzhou major pollutants was about15%to20%, and when the highest concentration of pollutants appeared the external impact was more than50%. During the pollution process in January2013, the average impact of the external area to Zhengzhou PM2.5was36%, while the highest daily value was55%.
(4) There is big difference of regional transport to different pollutants. In the pollution process simulated by this paper, the impact of external area to PM2.5was larger than SO2and NOx. This is mainly because of that there is more secondary pollutant in PM2.5, and it has a more significant impact in the process of long-distance transmission.
(5)The weather conditions especially wind field the have an important impact on the transportation between different regions.
(6) Air quality automatic forecasting of Zhengzhou can be realized by the model system.
引文
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