零售企业与供应商之间多物品联合库存问题的研究
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摘要
随着供应链的形成,企业间的关系从过去建立在客户交易基础上的关系向基于共同利益的协作伙伴性关系转变,供应链各个经营者间交换信息、协调库存管理成为可能。在这种情况下,供应链管理应运而生,在供应链范围内进行库存管理降低了库存水平,减少了资金积压和库存维持成本,从而降低了供应链的总成本,而且可以提高客户的满意度,增强了供应链的整体竞争力。
针对供应链管理下的库存控制存在的问题,大多数人提出的一些库存控制方法只是解决单一物品库存控制问题,但考虑多物品库存问题进行研究的较少。因此,在各位学者研究的基础上,本论文结合只考虑单一供应商或者单一销售商的多物品联合订购库存模型,针对供销双方采取的订购策略,讨论在均匀连续需求,不允许缺货情况下的多物品联合库存问题,考虑了多物品联合订购模式,并分两种情况进行分析,建立同时考虑供应商和零售商的多物品供销联合库存模型,并结合了一个具体的算例对两种情况下的模型进行分析比较,得出供应商与零售商联合库存系统的总成本最优的库存模型。通过算例数据结果比较,得出供应商与零售商采取不同的订购策略的情形时的联合库存模型使零售商与供应商联合库存系统的运行总成本为最优,供应链的总成本最小,并得出了零售商和供应商各自的最佳订购策略。在多物品供销联合订购的情况下,供应商与零售商都得到各自的多物品的订购频率与订购量,使得总费用最省。
With the formation of the supply chain, business-to-business relationship based on past customer transactions is transforming into the partnership relationship based on common interests, it is possible to exchange the information and coordinate the inventory management in all businesses of supply chain. In this case, supply chain management easily comes into being. Inventory management in the framework of supply chain can reduce inventory levels, the backlog of funds and the cost of maintaining inventory, thereby reducing the total supply chain cost, increasing customer satisfaction and improving overall competitiveness of supply chain.
There are still some issues in view of the stock control of the supply chain management, the inventory control method put forward by most of people is only the solution to problems about a single item inventory control, but the conducting search is few by means of consideration of the multi-goods stock question. Therefore, on the basis of the study of all scholars, this subject combines the issues only considered a single supplier or a single vendor multi-goods joint stock model, in the light of the ordering strategy taken by supply and marketing both sides, the problem about multi-goods joint inventory is discussed assuming constant deterministic demand rate and without out-of-stock. A multi-goods jointly managed inventory model is considered and analyzed in two circumstances, and a multi-goods joint stock model for supply and marketing is established. At last, in combination with a concrete example, the model is analyzed and compared in different situation, and to get the optimal inventory model that is the total least cost in suppliers and retailers joint stock system. By an example of data comparison, the optimal inventory that is the total least cost in suppliers and retailers joint stock system is the joint stock model of the suppliers and retailers to adopt a different strategy to order. And the retailers and their suppliers to order the best strategy are obtained. In many items to order a joint supply and marketing, suppliers and retailers have their own multi-frequency goods orders and order volume of making the total cost of the province.
针对供应链管理下的库存控制存在的问题,大多数人提出的一些库存控制方法只是解决单一物品库存控制问题,但考虑多物品库存问题进行研究的较少。因此,在各位学者研究的基础上,本论文结合只考虑单一供应商或者单一销售商的多物品联合订购库存模型,针对供销双方采取的订购策略,讨论在均匀连续需求,不允许缺货情况下的多物品联合库存问题,考虑了多物品联合订购模式,并分两种情况进行分析,建立同时考虑供应商和零售商的多物品供销联合库存模型,并结合了一个具体的算例对两种情况下的模型进行分析比较,得出供应商与零售商联合库存系统的总成本最优的库存模型。通过算例数据结果比较,得出供应商与零售商采取不同的订购策略的情形时的联合库存模型使零售商与供应商联合库存系统的运行总成本为最优,供应链的总成本最小,并得出了零售商和供应商各自的最佳订购策略。在多物品供销联合订购的情况下,供应商与零售商都得到各自的多物品的订购频率与订购量,使得总费用最省。
With the formation of the supply chain, business-to-business relationship based on past customer transactions is transforming into the partnership relationship based on common interests, it is possible to exchange the information and coordinate the inventory management in all businesses of supply chain. In this case, supply chain management easily comes into being. Inventory management in the framework of supply chain can reduce inventory levels, the backlog of funds and the cost of maintaining inventory, thereby reducing the total supply chain cost, increasing customer satisfaction and improving overall competitiveness of supply chain.
There are still some issues in view of the stock control of the supply chain management, the inventory control method put forward by most of people is only the solution to problems about a single item inventory control, but the conducting search is few by means of consideration of the multi-goods stock question. Therefore, on the basis of the study of all scholars, this subject combines the issues only considered a single supplier or a single vendor multi-goods joint stock model, in the light of the ordering strategy taken by supply and marketing both sides, the problem about multi-goods joint inventory is discussed assuming constant deterministic demand rate and without out-of-stock. A multi-goods jointly managed inventory model is considered and analyzed in two circumstances, and a multi-goods joint stock model for supply and marketing is established. At last, in combination with a concrete example, the model is analyzed and compared in different situation, and to get the optimal inventory model that is the total least cost in suppliers and retailers joint stock system. By an example of data comparison, the optimal inventory that is the total least cost in suppliers and retailers joint stock system is the joint stock model of the suppliers and retailers to adopt a different strategy to order. And the retailers and their suppliers to order the best strategy are obtained. In many items to order a joint supply and marketing, suppliers and retailers have their own multi-frequency goods orders and order volume of making the total cost of the province.
引文
[1]Clark.Scarf.Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem.Management Science[J].1960,6:475-490
[2]Chen F Y,Feng Y,Simchi-Levi D.Evaluating the supplier's performance a multiple retailer system with independent demands[J].National University of Singapore.1998b
[3]Baganha M P,Cohen M A.The stabilizing effect of inventory in supply chain [J].Operations research,1998,1
[4]Sliver I,Peterson R.Decision system for inventory management and production planning[M].New York:Wiley,1985
[5]Ravi Anvpindi,Yehuda Bassok,Centralization of stocks:retails and manufactures[J],management science,1999,45(2)
[6]Ki Ling Cheung,Hau L.Lee.The Inventory Benefit of Shipment Coordination and Stock Rebalancing in a Supply[J]Chain.Management Science.2002,48(2)
[7]Po-Chung Yang,Hui-Ming Wee.An integated multi-lot-size production inventory model for deteriorating items[J].Computer&Operations Research,2003,30:671-682
[8]徐贤浩,马士华.供应链网络状结构模型中的多级库存模型[J].华中理工大学学报.1998,26(7):68-70
[9]邵晓峰等.供应链中供需双方合作批量模型的研究[J].管理工程学报.2001,2
[10]侯香菊,宴启鹏.集成化供府铬中库存合理化分析及建议[J].管理现代化.2002.(10):23-24
[11]彭禄斌,赵林度.供应链网状结构中多级库存控制模型[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版).2002,3
[12]张玉华,胡劲松.含价格折扣、允许缺货的两级供应链库存模型[J].Technical Exchange,2003,(7)23-25
[13]汪云峰.供应链库存管理现状研究[J].物流技术.2000,(2):18-25
[14]王炬香,王安麟.供应链管理中的战略库存[J].制造自动化.2001,3:7-9
[15]张正祥,牛芳.供应链管理环境下的单周期库存控制建模及优化[J].工业工程与管理.2002,4:20-22
[16]张钦,达庆利等.供应链中基于Stackelberg博弈的EOQ模型[J].中国管理科学.2002.10(3):38-41
[17]于会强.供应链管理环境下库存控制策略研究.[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学.2004
[18]杨红军.基于物流的一、二级库存控制模型和解法的研究.[硕士学位论文].长安:长安大学.2005
[19]廖明华.基于供应链环境下的库存控制研究.[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2006
[20]葛春生.供应链库存管理模式与机制研究.[硕士学位论文].北京:对外经济贸易大学.2006
[21]G.Hadley and T.M.Whitin.Analysis of inventory system.Englewood Cliffs[J].NJ:Prientice-Hall.1985,17:206-211
[22]H.Pirkul and O.A.Aras.Capacitated multiple item ordering problem with quantity discounts[J].IIE Trans.1985,17:206-211
[23]E.Page and R.J.Paul Multi-product inventory situations with one restriction[J].Opl Res.Q.1976,27:815-834
[24]F.Guder,J.Zydiak and S.Chandhry.Non-stationary ordering policies for multi-item inventory systems subject to a single resource constraint.[J].Opl Res.Soc.1995,46:1145-1152
[25]F.Guder and J.L.Zydiak.Ordering policies for multi-item inventory systems subject to multiple resource constraints[J].Comp.&Opns Res.1999,26:583-597
[26]G.L.Vairaktarakis.Robust multi-item newsboy models with a budget constraint.Int[J].J.Prod.Econ.2000,66:213-226
[27]S.E.Elmaghraby.The economic lot scheduling problem:Review and extentions[J].Mgmt Sci.1978,24:587-598.
[28]M.A.N.Lopez and B.G.Kingsman.The economic lot scheduling Problem:Theory and practice[J].Int.J.Prod.Econ.1991,23:147-164.
[29]J.J.Carreno.Economic lot scheduling for multiple products on parallel identical processors[J].Mgmt Sci.1990,36:348-358
[30]N.Dellaert,J.Jeunet and N.Jonard.A genetic algorithm to solve the general multi-level lot-sizing problem with time-varying costs[J].Int.J.Prod.Econ.2000,68:241-257
[31]张岩,顾培亮.并行加工经济批量问题的最优算法[J].系统工程学报.15,173-178
[32]P.J.Billington et al.Multi-item,lot-sizing in capacitated multi-stage serial systerms[J].IIE Trans.1994,44:1208-1222
[33]I.A.Karamil.Optimal cycle times in multistage serial system with set-up and in-ventory[J].costs.Mgmt Sci.1992,30:1467-1481
[34]F.Hung and K.L.Chien.A multi-Class multi-level capacitated lot sizing model [J].Opl Res.Soc.2000,51:1309-1318
[35]蔡连侨,陈剑,严厚民.可替代产品的库存模型研究:最优订货量[J].系统工程理论与实践.2003,6:63-68
[36]徐鑫.对多种产品联合订购问题的研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版).2004.12
[37]黄欣,周永务.考虑多品种商品及两种订购方式情况下的库存问题.[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学.2005
[38]F.GUder,J.Zydiak and S.Chandhry Non-stationary ordering policies for multi-item inventory systems subject to a single resource constraint[J].J.Opl Res.Soc.1995,46:1145-1152
[39]Chi Chiang,Genaro J.Gutierrez,A periodic review inventory system with two supply modes[J].European Journal of Operational Research 94.1996,527-547
[40]文晓巍,达庆利.变质产品供应链中多品种的订购策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2006.2
[41]Banerjee A.A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendors [J].Decision Sciences.1986,17:292-311
[42]Goyal S K.A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor:A comment[J].Decision Sciences.1988(19):236-241
[43]Lu L.A one vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model[J].European Journal of Operational Research.1995,81:312-323
[44]Hill R M.The single-vendor single buyer integrated production inventory model with a generalized policy[J].European Journal of Operational Research.1997,97:493-499
[45]Goyal S K.A one-vendor single buyer integrated inventory model:A comments [J].European Journal of Operational Research.1995,82:209-210
[46]Goyal S K.Nebebe F.Determination of economic production shipment policy for a single-vendor single-buyer systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research.2000,121:175-178
[47]Goyal S K.On improving the single-vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory model with a generalized policy[J].European Journal of Operational Research.2000,125:429-430
[48]李伟,林辉.供应链中联合库存管理及利益分配模型的研究[J].物流技术.2004,8:42-43
[49]罗上远,陈代芬,徐天亮.连锁企业多品种库存分布研究[J].管理工程学报.2001,15(4):28-30
[50]陈美霞,沈厚才.供应链管理中的生产批量与数量折扣定价联合决策模型[J].东南大学学报.2000,30(6)
[51]王圣东.单供货商多销售商联合生产库存模型[J].系统工程学报.2006,2
[52]程婷.基于联合库存管理策略的供应链库存优化研究.[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学.2005
[53]Cheung,G P.Lee.Coordinated Replenishment in a supply chain with Vendor-Managed Inventory programs[R].Working Paper.Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
[54]周广亮.供应链环境下国内大型家电零售企业库存控制研究.[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2005
[55]史丽丽.国内大型零售业库存控制模式研究.[硕士学位论文].上海:上海海运学院.2004
[56]王槐林,刘明菲.物流管理学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.2005
[57]叶怀珍主编.现代物流学[M].高等教育出版社.2003
[2]Chen F Y,Feng Y,Simchi-Levi D.Evaluating the supplier's performance a multiple retailer system with independent demands[J].National University of Singapore.1998b
[3]Baganha M P,Cohen M A.The stabilizing effect of inventory in supply chain [J].Operations research,1998,1
[4]Sliver I,Peterson R.Decision system for inventory management and production planning[M].New York:Wiley,1985
[5]Ravi Anvpindi,Yehuda Bassok,Centralization of stocks:retails and manufactures[J],management science,1999,45(2)
[6]Ki Ling Cheung,Hau L.Lee.The Inventory Benefit of Shipment Coordination and Stock Rebalancing in a Supply[J]Chain.Management Science.2002,48(2)
[7]Po-Chung Yang,Hui-Ming Wee.An integated multi-lot-size production inventory model for deteriorating items[J].Computer&Operations Research,2003,30:671-682
[8]徐贤浩,马士华.供应链网络状结构模型中的多级库存模型[J].华中理工大学学报.1998,26(7):68-70
[9]邵晓峰等.供应链中供需双方合作批量模型的研究[J].管理工程学报.2001,2
[10]侯香菊,宴启鹏.集成化供府铬中库存合理化分析及建议[J].管理现代化.2002.(10):23-24
[11]彭禄斌,赵林度.供应链网状结构中多级库存控制模型[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版).2002,3
[12]张玉华,胡劲松.含价格折扣、允许缺货的两级供应链库存模型[J].Technical Exchange,2003,(7)23-25
[13]汪云峰.供应链库存管理现状研究[J].物流技术.2000,(2):18-25
[14]王炬香,王安麟.供应链管理中的战略库存[J].制造自动化.2001,3:7-9
[15]张正祥,牛芳.供应链管理环境下的单周期库存控制建模及优化[J].工业工程与管理.2002,4:20-22
[16]张钦,达庆利等.供应链中基于Stackelberg博弈的EOQ模型[J].中国管理科学.2002.10(3):38-41
[17]于会强.供应链管理环境下库存控制策略研究.[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学.2004
[18]杨红军.基于物流的一、二级库存控制模型和解法的研究.[硕士学位论文].长安:长安大学.2005
[19]廖明华.基于供应链环境下的库存控制研究.[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2006
[20]葛春生.供应链库存管理模式与机制研究.[硕士学位论文].北京:对外经济贸易大学.2006
[21]G.Hadley and T.M.Whitin.Analysis of inventory system.Englewood Cliffs[J].NJ:Prientice-Hall.1985,17:206-211
[22]H.Pirkul and O.A.Aras.Capacitated multiple item ordering problem with quantity discounts[J].IIE Trans.1985,17:206-211
[23]E.Page and R.J.Paul Multi-product inventory situations with one restriction[J].Opl Res.Q.1976,27:815-834
[24]F.Guder,J.Zydiak and S.Chandhry.Non-stationary ordering policies for multi-item inventory systems subject to a single resource constraint.[J].Opl Res.Soc.1995,46:1145-1152
[25]F.Guder and J.L.Zydiak.Ordering policies for multi-item inventory systems subject to multiple resource constraints[J].Comp.&Opns Res.1999,26:583-597
[26]G.L.Vairaktarakis.Robust multi-item newsboy models with a budget constraint.Int[J].J.Prod.Econ.2000,66:213-226
[27]S.E.Elmaghraby.The economic lot scheduling problem:Review and extentions[J].Mgmt Sci.1978,24:587-598.
[28]M.A.N.Lopez and B.G.Kingsman.The economic lot scheduling Problem:Theory and practice[J].Int.J.Prod.Econ.1991,23:147-164.
[29]J.J.Carreno.Economic lot scheduling for multiple products on parallel identical processors[J].Mgmt Sci.1990,36:348-358
[30]N.Dellaert,J.Jeunet and N.Jonard.A genetic algorithm to solve the general multi-level lot-sizing problem with time-varying costs[J].Int.J.Prod.Econ.2000,68:241-257
[31]张岩,顾培亮.并行加工经济批量问题的最优算法[J].系统工程学报.15,173-178
[32]P.J.Billington et al.Multi-item,lot-sizing in capacitated multi-stage serial systerms[J].IIE Trans.1994,44:1208-1222
[33]I.A.Karamil.Optimal cycle times in multistage serial system with set-up and in-ventory[J].costs.Mgmt Sci.1992,30:1467-1481
[34]F.Hung and K.L.Chien.A multi-Class multi-level capacitated lot sizing model [J].Opl Res.Soc.2000,51:1309-1318
[35]蔡连侨,陈剑,严厚民.可替代产品的库存模型研究:最优订货量[J].系统工程理论与实践.2003,6:63-68
[36]徐鑫.对多种产品联合订购问题的研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版).2004.12
[37]黄欣,周永务.考虑多品种商品及两种订购方式情况下的库存问题.[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学.2005
[38]F.GUder,J.Zydiak and S.Chandhry Non-stationary ordering policies for multi-item inventory systems subject to a single resource constraint[J].J.Opl Res.Soc.1995,46:1145-1152
[39]Chi Chiang,Genaro J.Gutierrez,A periodic review inventory system with two supply modes[J].European Journal of Operational Research 94.1996,527-547
[40]文晓巍,达庆利.变质产品供应链中多品种的订购策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2006.2
[41]Banerjee A.A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendors [J].Decision Sciences.1986,17:292-311
[42]Goyal S K.A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor:A comment[J].Decision Sciences.1988(19):236-241
[43]Lu L.A one vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model[J].European Journal of Operational Research.1995,81:312-323
[44]Hill R M.The single-vendor single buyer integrated production inventory model with a generalized policy[J].European Journal of Operational Research.1997,97:493-499
[45]Goyal S K.A one-vendor single buyer integrated inventory model:A comments [J].European Journal of Operational Research.1995,82:209-210
[46]Goyal S K.Nebebe F.Determination of economic production shipment policy for a single-vendor single-buyer systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research.2000,121:175-178
[47]Goyal S K.On improving the single-vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory model with a generalized policy[J].European Journal of Operational Research.2000,125:429-430
[48]李伟,林辉.供应链中联合库存管理及利益分配模型的研究[J].物流技术.2004,8:42-43
[49]罗上远,陈代芬,徐天亮.连锁企业多品种库存分布研究[J].管理工程学报.2001,15(4):28-30
[50]陈美霞,沈厚才.供应链管理中的生产批量与数量折扣定价联合决策模型[J].东南大学学报.2000,30(6)
[51]王圣东.单供货商多销售商联合生产库存模型[J].系统工程学报.2006,2
[52]程婷.基于联合库存管理策略的供应链库存优化研究.[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学.2005
[53]Cheung,G P.Lee.Coordinated Replenishment in a supply chain with Vendor-Managed Inventory programs[R].Working Paper.Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
[54]周广亮.供应链环境下国内大型家电零售企业库存控制研究.[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2005
[55]史丽丽.国内大型零售业库存控制模式研究.[硕士学位论文].上海:上海海运学院.2004
[56]王槐林,刘明菲.物流管理学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.2005
[57]叶怀珍主编.现代物流学[M].高等教育出版社.2003