溶致液晶模板法制备TiO_2纳米材料及其表征
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摘要
纳米材料是近几年最受关注的研究领域之一,其颗粒形状、孔道结构、表面形态对材料性能影响很大。本文利用由不同的表面活性剂体系构建的溶致液晶为软模板,对合成材料的形貌及孔道结构进行控制和调节,并探讨溶致液晶相结构与最终合成材料结构和性能之间的关系,以达到对产品性能进行调控的目的。
本文以TiOSO_4为无机钛源,以CO(NH_2)_2或NH_3·H_2O为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法或直接沉淀法结合由SDS/CTAB/C_5H_(11)OH/H_2O四元体系、TritonX-100/ C_(10)H_(21）OH/H_2O三元体系或TritonX-100/H_2O二元体系构建的溶致液晶模板制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO_2。利用偏光显微镜(POM)、低角度X射线衍射(Low-angle XRD)技术和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)深入考察了不同组成和溶液浓度对溶致液晶模板结构的影响,分析发现随表面活性剂浓度的增大,溶致液晶由六角状向层状液晶转变,一定范围内改变溶液浓度影响了层状液晶的有序性,但未改变层状液晶的结构。体系中的表面活性剂、醇类和水以一定方式缔合,疏水作用导致体系无序-有序相转变。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差热联用仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制备的样品进行形貌和结构表征。分析结果表明单纯的洗涤并不能完全除掉样品中的有机物,450?C下焙烧能完全去除有机物且使样品由无定形转变成锐钛矿型。样品较好地复制了溶致液晶的微观结构,利用溶致液晶制备出了具有六角状和立方状纳米孔结构的TiO_2以及片层状纳米TiO_2。
Nanometer materials have been one of hot-spot study fields for the last few years. The morphology, pore structure as well as surface state have been defined as very important factors for materials performance. Lyotropic liquid crystal phases, which were formed by different surfactant system, were used as soft template to synthesize nanomaterials with desired morphologies and structures. The relationship between the structure of the lyotropic liquid crystal phases and the formed samples were studied in order to control the performance of the products.
In this paper, antase TiO_2 nanoparticles were prepared using TiOSO4 as inorganic titanium source, CO(NH_2)_2 or NH_3·H_2O as precipitator by homogeneous precipitation method or direct precipitation method combined with lyotropic liquid crystal as soft template, which was formed by SDS/CTAB/C_5H_(11)OH/H_2O quaternary system, TritonX-100/C_(10)H_(21)OH/H_2O termary system or TritonX-100/H_2O binary system. Polarized optical microscopy (POM), Low angle X-ray Diffraction (Low-angle XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR) were applied to investigate the effects of different composition and aqueous concentration on the templete structure of lyotropic liquid crystal. It was found that lyotropic liquid crystal would transform from hexagonal to lamellar as the increase of surfactant concentration. Changing aqueous concentration within a certain range affected the order of lamellar liquid crystal but didn’t change the structure. Surfactant, alcohol and water in system associated by some method and hydrophobic interaction leads to the system phase transition from disorder to order. The prepared samples were characterized by different method such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results showed that washing alone could not completely remove organics. when calcined at 450°C, the organic could be removed completely and the sample could transform from amorphous into anatase. TiO_2 sample had cast the structure of the LLC phases. TiO_2 with nanohole structure such as hexagonal-shaped, cubic-shaped and lamellar nano-TiO_2 had been synthesized by lyotropic liquid crystal as soft template.
本文以TiOSO_4为无机钛源,以CO(NH_2)_2或NH_3·H_2O为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法或直接沉淀法结合由SDS/CTAB/C_5H_(11)OH/H_2O四元体系、TritonX-100/ C_(10)H_(21）OH/H_2O三元体系或TritonX-100/H_2O二元体系构建的溶致液晶模板制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO_2。利用偏光显微镜(POM)、低角度X射线衍射(Low-angle XRD)技术和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)深入考察了不同组成和溶液浓度对溶致液晶模板结构的影响,分析发现随表面活性剂浓度的增大,溶致液晶由六角状向层状液晶转变,一定范围内改变溶液浓度影响了层状液晶的有序性,但未改变层状液晶的结构。体系中的表面活性剂、醇类和水以一定方式缔合,疏水作用导致体系无序-有序相转变。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差热联用仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制备的样品进行形貌和结构表征。分析结果表明单纯的洗涤并不能完全除掉样品中的有机物,450?C下焙烧能完全去除有机物且使样品由无定形转变成锐钛矿型。样品较好地复制了溶致液晶的微观结构,利用溶致液晶制备出了具有六角状和立方状纳米孔结构的TiO_2以及片层状纳米TiO_2。
Nanometer materials have been one of hot-spot study fields for the last few years. The morphology, pore structure as well as surface state have been defined as very important factors for materials performance. Lyotropic liquid crystal phases, which were formed by different surfactant system, were used as soft template to synthesize nanomaterials with desired morphologies and structures. The relationship between the structure of the lyotropic liquid crystal phases and the formed samples were studied in order to control the performance of the products.
In this paper, antase TiO_2 nanoparticles were prepared using TiOSO4 as inorganic titanium source, CO(NH_2)_2 or NH_3·H_2O as precipitator by homogeneous precipitation method or direct precipitation method combined with lyotropic liquid crystal as soft template, which was formed by SDS/CTAB/C_5H_(11)OH/H_2O quaternary system, TritonX-100/C_(10)H_(21)OH/H_2O termary system or TritonX-100/H_2O binary system. Polarized optical microscopy (POM), Low angle X-ray Diffraction (Low-angle XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR) were applied to investigate the effects of different composition and aqueous concentration on the templete structure of lyotropic liquid crystal. It was found that lyotropic liquid crystal would transform from hexagonal to lamellar as the increase of surfactant concentration. Changing aqueous concentration within a certain range affected the order of lamellar liquid crystal but didn’t change the structure. Surfactant, alcohol and water in system associated by some method and hydrophobic interaction leads to the system phase transition from disorder to order. The prepared samples were characterized by different method such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results showed that washing alone could not completely remove organics. when calcined at 450°C, the organic could be removed completely and the sample could transform from amorphous into anatase. TiO_2 sample had cast the structure of the LLC phases. TiO_2 with nanohole structure such as hexagonal-shaped, cubic-shaped and lamellar nano-TiO_2 had been synthesized by lyotropic liquid crystal as soft template.
引文
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