OCDMA系统中混沌光地址码编解码方案研究
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摘要
光码分多址(OCDMA)技术是把码分多址(CDMA)与光纤通信相结合产生的一种光通信技术,主要优点表现在:用户容量较大,允许用户随机接入;充分利用光纤的带宽;保密性较好等几个方面。因此OCDMA技术具有很强的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。
混沌是非线性系统中确定性的、类似随机的现象,混沌信号对初值十分敏感,具有宽功率谱、可再生等特点。利用混沌系统产生的混沌序列作为CDMA系统中的扩频序列,它能提高信息传输的安全性,如何利用混沌系统产生比传统双极性序列有更好相关性的混沌序列在无线CDMA领域已有了大量理论和实验研究报道。OCDMA系统利用码分复用技术和光纤传输,它在扩频码的设计和实现方法等方面都具有特殊性,探讨混沌序列的良好相关性能否提OCDMA系统的容量以及混沌序列能否加强OCDMA系统的保密性,成为一个崭新且有意义的研究方向。
为了降低OCDMA系统中的多址干扰、提高OCDMA系统的容量和保密性,本文对混沌序列的构造方法、产生混沌序列的器件、基于混沌序列的编解码方案及其系统性能等方面进行了深入的研究。主要研究工作及创新成果如下:
1.研究了基于混沌序列的相干方案:a.提出了利用混沌序列发生器驱动马赫-增德尔相位调制器在光域扩频和解扩的混沌OCDMA方案;b.提出了利用光纤延迟线及相移器实现的基于混沌序列的编解码方案。对混沌OCDMA系统,在完全异步的情况下,推导了信噪比和误码率的表达式,仿真分析了误码率随用户数的变化曲线,并与使用GOLD序列时的误码率曲线进行了比较,这些研究结果表明基于混沌序列的系统有较低的误码率和较高的安全性。
2.根据三阶chebyshev映射,设计了一种完全平衡互补结构的混沌序列(“+1”和“-1”码元个数相等)。基于此混沌序列的OCDMA系统,其直流分量不存在,使系统结构得到简化。通过对系统性能的分析,给出了接收端输出信号及误码率的表达式;仿真结果表明混沌序列的相关性特别是部分相关性优于Gold序列,在异步接入的情况下,基于混沌序列的OCDMA系统与使用Gold序列时相比有较低的误码率。
3.我们提出一种在光域产生模拟双极性混沌序列的方法,即利用马赫—增德尔干涉仪光路可调制输入光电场矢量的振幅和相位,通过选取干涉仪的臂长,使输出光的电场矢量等于输入光电场矢量与余弦项的乘积,多个这样的干涉仪光路并结合光纤延迟线和相移器,按logistic映射产生了双极性的混沌序列,从而形成混沌序列发生器。
4.提出了以3中所提出的混沌序列发生器作为编码器的一种OCDMA系统结构,结合模拟混沌序列的特点,推导了信噪比和误码率的表达式,仿真分析了误码率随用户数的变化曲线。仿真结果表明,基于logistic映射产生的模拟混沌序列的OCDMA系统,其误码率曲线与Gold序列类似。基于模拟混沌序列的OCDMA系统,经扩频后信号的功率谱与噪声类似,因此很难被破译,具有较高的安全性。
OCDMA is a technolegy which is a combination of CDMA with optical fiber communication.There are many advantages to use it,such as:high capacity and random access;high security and excellent anti-interference. It implies a great challenge for the development of future communication networks,especially all optical networks.
Chaos is produced by deterministic nonlinear systems,its phenomena is pseudorandom.Chaotic systems exhibit sensitivity to initial conditions,chaotic signals are reproducible and have broadband frequency spectrum.For all these special performance,chaos has a excellent outlook in the application of telecommunication,especially in the generation of PN(pseudo-noise) sequence.In the field of CDMA,the chaotic sequence has aroused a lot of study.How to generate chaotic sequence and apply them into optical COMA system is an interesting and new research topic.
In this thesis,a great deal of research work is described as follow: the construction of chaotic sequence、the generator of chaotic sequence、the de/encoder scheme emloyed chaotic sequence、the performance and simulation of system.The main achievements are listed as follows.
1.Binary chaotic sequences are applied into two coherent OCDMA systems.(a).A chaotic OCDMA system whose en/decoder is mach-zehnder modulater(MZM) is prorosed.Zhe MZM is drived by chaotic sequence generator.(b).A chaotic OCDMA system whose en/decoder are composed of optical fiber and phase shifter is proposed.The BER formula of the system is derived and the BER curves versus the user number of simultaneous transmiting are reported,the numerical simulation results show that the systems based on chaotic sequences outperform that using Gold sequence and these security for transmission is increased.
2.A type of true balanced chaotic sequence is constructed.In the structure the number of "+1" and "-1" are equivalent.And the system with complementary balance structure based on true balanced chaotic sequence becomes simple,and its DC component is zero.The system performance in terms of BER is also improved.The numerical simulation results show that the system based on chaotic spreading sequences performs better than that based on Gold sequence.
3.A chaotic bipolar sequence generator using Mach-zehender interferometers is designed.The arm lengths of MZI are taken as some special values.This generator can generate analog bipolar chaotic sequences which satisfy the logistic map.To enhance the security,this generator can be used as an encoder in an optical CDMA system.
4.A chaotic OCDMA system is proposed,and its en/decoder is the generator designed above.The structure of this OCDMA system is described. Its BER formula is derived and the BER curves versus the user number of simultaneous transmiting are reported.The BER curves show that these chaotic sequences due to good property of correlation are suited for asynchronous OCDMA system.
混沌是非线性系统中确定性的、类似随机的现象,混沌信号对初值十分敏感,具有宽功率谱、可再生等特点。利用混沌系统产生的混沌序列作为CDMA系统中的扩频序列,它能提高信息传输的安全性,如何利用混沌系统产生比传统双极性序列有更好相关性的混沌序列在无线CDMA领域已有了大量理论和实验研究报道。OCDMA系统利用码分复用技术和光纤传输,它在扩频码的设计和实现方法等方面都具有特殊性,探讨混沌序列的良好相关性能否提OCDMA系统的容量以及混沌序列能否加强OCDMA系统的保密性,成为一个崭新且有意义的研究方向。
为了降低OCDMA系统中的多址干扰、提高OCDMA系统的容量和保密性,本文对混沌序列的构造方法、产生混沌序列的器件、基于混沌序列的编解码方案及其系统性能等方面进行了深入的研究。主要研究工作及创新成果如下:
1.研究了基于混沌序列的相干方案:a.提出了利用混沌序列发生器驱动马赫-增德尔相位调制器在光域扩频和解扩的混沌OCDMA方案;b.提出了利用光纤延迟线及相移器实现的基于混沌序列的编解码方案。对混沌OCDMA系统,在完全异步的情况下,推导了信噪比和误码率的表达式,仿真分析了误码率随用户数的变化曲线,并与使用GOLD序列时的误码率曲线进行了比较,这些研究结果表明基于混沌序列的系统有较低的误码率和较高的安全性。
2.根据三阶chebyshev映射,设计了一种完全平衡互补结构的混沌序列(“+1”和“-1”码元个数相等)。基于此混沌序列的OCDMA系统,其直流分量不存在,使系统结构得到简化。通过对系统性能的分析,给出了接收端输出信号及误码率的表达式;仿真结果表明混沌序列的相关性特别是部分相关性优于Gold序列,在异步接入的情况下,基于混沌序列的OCDMA系统与使用Gold序列时相比有较低的误码率。
3.我们提出一种在光域产生模拟双极性混沌序列的方法,即利用马赫—增德尔干涉仪光路可调制输入光电场矢量的振幅和相位,通过选取干涉仪的臂长,使输出光的电场矢量等于输入光电场矢量与余弦项的乘积,多个这样的干涉仪光路并结合光纤延迟线和相移器,按logistic映射产生了双极性的混沌序列,从而形成混沌序列发生器。
4.提出了以3中所提出的混沌序列发生器作为编码器的一种OCDMA系统结构,结合模拟混沌序列的特点,推导了信噪比和误码率的表达式,仿真分析了误码率随用户数的变化曲线。仿真结果表明,基于logistic映射产生的模拟混沌序列的OCDMA系统,其误码率曲线与Gold序列类似。基于模拟混沌序列的OCDMA系统,经扩频后信号的功率谱与噪声类似,因此很难被破译,具有较高的安全性。
OCDMA is a technolegy which is a combination of CDMA with optical fiber communication.There are many advantages to use it,such as:high capacity and random access;high security and excellent anti-interference. It implies a great challenge for the development of future communication networks,especially all optical networks.
Chaos is produced by deterministic nonlinear systems,its phenomena is pseudorandom.Chaotic systems exhibit sensitivity to initial conditions,chaotic signals are reproducible and have broadband frequency spectrum.For all these special performance,chaos has a excellent outlook in the application of telecommunication,especially in the generation of PN(pseudo-noise) sequence.In the field of CDMA,the chaotic sequence has aroused a lot of study.How to generate chaotic sequence and apply them into optical COMA system is an interesting and new research topic.
In this thesis,a great deal of research work is described as follow: the construction of chaotic sequence、the generator of chaotic sequence、the de/encoder scheme emloyed chaotic sequence、the performance and simulation of system.The main achievements are listed as follows.
1.Binary chaotic sequences are applied into two coherent OCDMA systems.(a).A chaotic OCDMA system whose en/decoder is mach-zehnder modulater(MZM) is prorosed.Zhe MZM is drived by chaotic sequence generator.(b).A chaotic OCDMA system whose en/decoder are composed of optical fiber and phase shifter is proposed.The BER formula of the system is derived and the BER curves versus the user number of simultaneous transmiting are reported,the numerical simulation results show that the systems based on chaotic sequences outperform that using Gold sequence and these security for transmission is increased.
2.A type of true balanced chaotic sequence is constructed.In the structure the number of "+1" and "-1" are equivalent.And the system with complementary balance structure based on true balanced chaotic sequence becomes simple,and its DC component is zero.The system performance in terms of BER is also improved.The numerical simulation results show that the system based on chaotic spreading sequences performs better than that based on Gold sequence.
3.A chaotic bipolar sequence generator using Mach-zehender interferometers is designed.The arm lengths of MZI are taken as some special values.This generator can generate analog bipolar chaotic sequences which satisfy the logistic map.To enhance the security,this generator can be used as an encoder in an optical CDMA system.
4.A chaotic OCDMA system is proposed,and its en/decoder is the generator designed above.The structure of this OCDMA system is described. Its BER formula is derived and the BER curves versus the user number of simultaneous transmiting are reported.The BER curves show that these chaotic sequences due to good property of correlation are suited for asynchronous OCDMA system.
引文
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[1]L.Cong and L.Shaoqian,"Chaotic spreading sequences with multiple access performance better than random sequences," IEEE Trans.Cir-cuitsSyst.I,vol.47,pp.394-397,Mar.2000.
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[5]Gianluca Mazzini,Riccard Rovatti,and Gianluca Setti "Chaos-Based Asynchronous DS-CDMA Systems and Enhanced Rake Receivers:Measuring the Improvements" IEEE Trans.Circuits and Syst.I,vol.48,no.12,December 2001.
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[7]K.Umeno and K.I.Kitayama,"Improvement of SNR with chaotic spreading sequences for CDMA," in Proc. IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Kruger National Park, South Africa, June 1999.
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[10]W Huang, I. Andonovic, "Coherent optical pulse CDMA systems based on coherent correlation detection" IEEE Trans. Commun, Vol. 47, No. 2, 1999.
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