基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点的研究与设计
摘要
无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是由部署在监测区域内大量传感器节点通过无线通信的方式形成的一个多跳自组织网络系统,可以进行数据的采集、处理及传输,为用户提供有用的信息。随着无线传感器网络的不断发展,其基本组成单元——传感器节点成为了研究热点。
本文首先介绍无线传感器网络的体系结构、特点及研究现状,充分考虑到传感器节点体积小、能耗低、存储和通信能力有限等特点,从ZigBee协议栈的结构特点出发,设计了一种基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点。
在传感器节点硬件的设计上,选择了支持低功耗工作模式的ZigBee无线通信芯片CC2430作为核心元件,该芯片内部集成了8051微控制器内核;使用温湿度传感器SHT11进行温湿度数据采集;采用2节5号高能电池供电。在传感器节点软件的设计上,使用C语言编写节点收发数据包的程序,实现节点之间可靠的数据通信。
最后结合智能家居的特点,搭建了一个ZigBee无线传感器网络平台,将所设计的基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点应用于其中,并对系统进行测试以及低功耗分析。实验结果表明,设计的传感器节点能耗低,所构成的网络系统稳定可靠,也完全能够满足智能家居的使用需要。
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a multi-hop and ad-hoc network composed of a large numbers of sensor nodes, which are organized by wireless communication. This system provides users with useful information through data collection, processing and transmission. With the development of wireless sensor network, the sensor node which is the basic unit of wireless sensor network becomes the research hotspot.
This paper introduces the architecture, characteristics and research status of wireless sensor network. Considering of the characteristics of wireless sensor network nodes, small, low-power consumption, limited capacity of storage and communications, the paper designed the wireless sensor network node based on ZigBee according to the ZigBee protocol stack characteristics of the structure.
On the hardware design, the sensor node adopts CC2430 as core component which is a wireless communication chip based on ZigBee technology. This chip integrate 8051 microcontroller core. SHT11 temperature-humidity sensor is selected for collecting temperature-humidity data. The sensor node is supplied by two high-energy batteries. On the software design, the paper uses the C language to send and receive data packets and implements the trustworthy communication between nodes.
Finally, combining the characteristic of the intelligent home, a ZigBee wireless sensor network is set up. The network was built by a number of designed sensor nodes based on ZigBee in this paper, and the testing and low-power analysis were conduct. The experimental results show: the designed sensor node has the feature of low-power consumption; the composed network system is stable and reliable and can meet the application requirements of the intelligent home.
本文首先介绍无线传感器网络的体系结构、特点及研究现状,充分考虑到传感器节点体积小、能耗低、存储和通信能力有限等特点,从ZigBee协议栈的结构特点出发,设计了一种基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点。
在传感器节点硬件的设计上,选择了支持低功耗工作模式的ZigBee无线通信芯片CC2430作为核心元件,该芯片内部集成了8051微控制器内核;使用温湿度传感器SHT11进行温湿度数据采集;采用2节5号高能电池供电。在传感器节点软件的设计上,使用C语言编写节点收发数据包的程序,实现节点之间可靠的数据通信。
最后结合智能家居的特点,搭建了一个ZigBee无线传感器网络平台,将所设计的基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点应用于其中,并对系统进行测试以及低功耗分析。实验结果表明,设计的传感器节点能耗低,所构成的网络系统稳定可靠,也完全能够满足智能家居的使用需要。
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a multi-hop and ad-hoc network composed of a large numbers of sensor nodes, which are organized by wireless communication. This system provides users with useful information through data collection, processing and transmission. With the development of wireless sensor network, the sensor node which is the basic unit of wireless sensor network becomes the research hotspot.
This paper introduces the architecture, characteristics and research status of wireless sensor network. Considering of the characteristics of wireless sensor network nodes, small, low-power consumption, limited capacity of storage and communications, the paper designed the wireless sensor network node based on ZigBee according to the ZigBee protocol stack characteristics of the structure.
On the hardware design, the sensor node adopts CC2430 as core component which is a wireless communication chip based on ZigBee technology. This chip integrate 8051 microcontroller core. SHT11 temperature-humidity sensor is selected for collecting temperature-humidity data. The sensor node is supplied by two high-energy batteries. On the software design, the paper uses the C language to send and receive data packets and implements the trustworthy communication between nodes.
Finally, combining the characteristic of the intelligent home, a ZigBee wireless sensor network is set up. The network was built by a number of designed sensor nodes based on ZigBee in this paper, and the testing and low-power analysis were conduct. The experimental results show: the designed sensor node has the feature of low-power consumption; the composed network system is stable and reliable and can meet the application requirements of the intelligent home.
引文
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[21]李文仲,段朝玉,ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[22]EGAN D.The Emergence of ZigBee in Building Automation and Industrial Control[J].Computing&Control Engineering Journal,2005,16(02):14-19.
[23]IEEE 802.15.4,Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs),October,2003.
[24]ZigBee Alliance documents,www.zigbee.org
[25]Jon Adams.Designing with 802.15.4 and ZigBee.www.zigbee.org
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[28]uAMPS,http://www-mtl.edu/research/icsystems/uamps/
[29]叶安新,金永贤.Bluetooth与其他无线接入技术[J].现代电子技术.2005,15:31-33.
[30]IEEE 802.15.4,Zigbee Specification[S].Zigbee Alliance.2004.
[31]CC2430 A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee.http://www.chipon.com or www.ti.com
[32]幸小雷,霍宏伟,杜春山.一种无线传感器网络节点硬件平台的设计与实现[J].网络通讯与安全,2007,3:421-422.
[33]金海红.基于Zigbee的无线传感器网络节点的设计及其通信的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007.
[34]昂志敏,金海红,范之国等.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点的设计与通信实现[J].现代电子技术,2007,10:47-49.
[35]张艳丽,杨仁弟.数字温湿度传感器SHT11及其应用[J].工矿自动化,2007.6.
[36]冯显英,葛荣雨.基于数字温湿度传感器SHT11的温湿度测控系统[J].自动化仪表,2006.1(27).
[37]蓝月科技.数字温湿度传感SHT1x/SHT7x[EB/OL].www.bmoon-tech.com,2005/2006.
[38]赵虹钧.基于ZigBee技术的智能家居系统的设计[M].上海交通大学电子信 息与电气工程学院,2007.
[39]龙邦贵.一个智能家居网络系统的研究和初步实现[M].广东工业大学,2003.
[40]李伯成.单片机及嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[41]李光飞,李良儿,楼然苗.单片机C程序设计实例指导[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[42]张伟等.Protel 99SE实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.5.
[43]于宏毅.无线移动自组织网[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[44]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2007.
[45]吴键,袁慎芳.无线传感器网络节点的设计和实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,(09).
[46]刘瑞强,冯长安,蒋延,周正.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络[J].遥测遥控,2006,(05).
[47]冯琳.无线传感器网络及ZigBee技术的应用研究[D].学校2006.
[48]杨赓.ZigBee无线传感网络的研究与实现[D].浙江大学,2006.
[49]张宏锋.一个基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络平台[D].武汉理工大学,2006.
[50]EdgarH.Callaway,Jr,Auerbach Publications.Wierless Sensor Networks-Architectures and Protocols[M].2003.
[51]Newberg,Fredric.Wireless sensor network design and implementation[D].University of California,Los Angeles,2002.
[2]Gartner,Inc.Gartner Outlines Most Significant Technology Driven Shifts in the Next Decade,March,2004.
[3]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报,2004,14(7),1282-1291.
[4]孙利民,李建中.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[5]Akyildiz LF,Su WL,Sankarasubramaniam Y,Cayirci E.A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2002,40(8):102-114.
[6]Akyldiz IF,Su W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,Cayirci E.Wireless sensor networks:A survey[J].Computer Networks,Mar.,2002,38(04):393-422.
[7]刘辉.ZigBee无线传感器网络的设计与应用[M].2007.4.
[8]Bonnet P,Gehrke J,Seshadri P.Querying the physical worked[J].IEEEPersonal Communiciation,2000,07(05):10-15.
[9]孙亭,杨永田,李立宏.无线传感器网络技术发展现状[J].电子技术应用,2005,06:1-5.
[10]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J].软件学报./2003/14(10)1717.
[11]张晓丽.无线传感器网络节点调度的研究[M].2006.4.5.
[12]唐金腾.无线传感器网络智能节点的研究与实现[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[13]Polastre J,Szewcayk R,Mainwarint A.Analysis of wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring[J].Wireless Sensor:Networks,2004,399-423.
[14]Kay R.,Time Synchronization in Ad Hoc Networks,Mobihoc,2001.
[15]Bonnet P.,J.Gehrke,P.Seshadri,Querging the Physical World,IEEE personal communication,2000 7(5).
[16]Noury N.,T.Herve,V.Rialle,G.Virone,E.Mercier,Monitoring behavior in home using a smart fall sensor,proceedings of the IEEE-embs Special Topic Cortferennce On Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology,IEEE Computer society,2000.
[17]Petriu E M,Geoganas N D,Petriu D C,et al.Sensor-based Information Appliances[EB/OL].IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine.2000,(10):31-35.
[18]K.SohrabiandG.Pottie."Perofrmanee of a Novel Self-Organization Protoeol for Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks," Proe.IEEEVTC,Amsterdam, Netllerlands,SePt.1999.
[19]NIST' s SHIELD Project-http//jazz.nist.gov/atpcf/prjbriefs/prjbrief.cfm?project Number-00-00-5306.
[20]蒋挺,赵成林编著.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[21]李文仲,段朝玉,ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[22]EGAN D.The Emergence of ZigBee in Building Automation and Industrial Control[J].Computing&Control Engineering Journal,2005,16(02):14-19.
[23]IEEE 802.15.4,Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs),October,2003.
[24]ZigBee Alliance documents,www.zigbee.org
[25]Jon Adams.Designing with 802.15.4 and ZigBee.www.zigbee.org
[26]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌.ZigBee技术及其应用[M].北京航空航天出版社,2007第一版.P3-4.
[27]Adrlan Perrlg,Robert Szewezyk,Vietor Wen,David Culle,J.D.Tygar,SPNIS:Security Protocols for Sensor Netwokrs,Mobicom 2001,July2001,Rome.
[28]uAMPS,http://www-mtl.edu/research/icsystems/uamps/
[29]叶安新,金永贤.Bluetooth与其他无线接入技术[J].现代电子技术.2005,15:31-33.
[30]IEEE 802.15.4,Zigbee Specification[S].Zigbee Alliance.2004.
[31]CC2430 A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee.http://www.chipon.com or www.ti.com
[32]幸小雷,霍宏伟,杜春山.一种无线传感器网络节点硬件平台的设计与实现[J].网络通讯与安全,2007,3:421-422.
[33]金海红.基于Zigbee的无线传感器网络节点的设计及其通信的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007.
[34]昂志敏,金海红,范之国等.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络节点的设计与通信实现[J].现代电子技术,2007,10:47-49.
[35]张艳丽,杨仁弟.数字温湿度传感器SHT11及其应用[J].工矿自动化,2007.6.
[36]冯显英,葛荣雨.基于数字温湿度传感器SHT11的温湿度测控系统[J].自动化仪表,2006.1(27).
[37]蓝月科技.数字温湿度传感SHT1x/SHT7x[EB/OL].www.bmoon-tech.com,2005/2006.
[38]赵虹钧.基于ZigBee技术的智能家居系统的设计[M].上海交通大学电子信 息与电气工程学院,2007.
[39]龙邦贵.一个智能家居网络系统的研究和初步实现[M].广东工业大学,2003.
[40]李伯成.单片机及嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[41]李光飞,李良儿,楼然苗.单片机C程序设计实例指导[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[42]张伟等.Protel 99SE实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.5.
[43]于宏毅.无线移动自组织网[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[44]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2007.
[45]吴键,袁慎芳.无线传感器网络节点的设计和实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,(09).
[46]刘瑞强,冯长安,蒋延,周正.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络[J].遥测遥控,2006,(05).
[47]冯琳.无线传感器网络及ZigBee技术的应用研究[D].学校2006.
[48]杨赓.ZigBee无线传感网络的研究与实现[D].浙江大学,2006.
[49]张宏锋.一个基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络平台[D].武汉理工大学,2006.
[50]EdgarH.Callaway,Jr,Auerbach Publications.Wierless Sensor Networks-Architectures and Protocols[M].2003.
[51]Newberg,Fredric.Wireless sensor network design and implementation[D].University of California,Los Angeles,2002.