冷蒿地上部分化学成分的研究
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摘要
冷蒿(Artemisia frigida),又名小白蒿,为菊科蒿属植物。多年生草本,有时略成半灌木状。在我国主要分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏等省区。中亚、西伯利亚、欧洲部分地区、北美洲的加拿大北部、美国西部、中部及南部都有分布[1]。在我国森林草原、草原、荒漠草原及干旱地区的山坡、路旁、砾质旷地、固定沙丘、戈壁、高山草甸等地区都有分布,常常构成山地干旱与半干旱地区植物群落的建群种或主要伴生种[1]。冷蒿全草入药,在中药和蒙药上都有应用,在中药上主要治疗治黄疸型肝炎,胆囊炎,小便不利,皮肤瘙痒,湿疹,蛔虫病和蛲虫病。其蒙药名“阿格”,主治吐血,鼻出血,月经不调,外伤出血,疮疡,“奇哈”症,肾热等。有时冷蒿还做“茵陈”的代用品。在牧区为牲畜营养价值良好的饲料。本属植物多含倍半萜,黄酮,香豆素,单萜及聚乙烯多炔类化合物,尤其倍半萜类化合物,其多方面的药理活性尤为引人注目,特别是从黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)中分离的青蒿素(artemisinin),作为一种有效的抗疟药物在临床上的成功运用,更是引起了人们的对蒿属植物的研究兴趣[2]。目前,关于冷蒿化学成分的研究国内外少有报道,已有的文献表明其主要成分为黄酮、倍半萜以及炔类化合物[3,4,5]。因此从冷蒿中寻找新的化学成分,在此基础上进一步探讨同类化合物的构效关系并以此为指导对其活性成分进行深入研究,具有尤为重要的意义。本课题以冷蒿的地上部分为研究对象,对其化学成分进行了系统的分离纯化以及结构确认,并对所得的部分单体化合物进行了广泛的活性筛选。
目的:本研究以冷蒿地上部分为研究对象,利用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、制备薄层色谱、高效液相制备色谱以及重结晶等分离纯化技术对其进行系统研究,寻找新的化学成分,并应用MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、1H-1H-COSY、HMQC、HMBC、NOESY等现代化手段完成单体化合物分子的结构鉴定,开发自然资源,丰富中药的多样性;并对所得的部分单体化合物进行了广泛的活性筛选,为进一步开发利用提供依据。
方法:干燥的冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)地上部分(7.17 Kg)适当粉碎后,用95%乙醇冷浸三次,浸出液加热,加入活性炭趁热抽滤,合并滤液减压浓缩至粘膏状(2 Kg),将其悬浮于饱和NaCl水溶液中,分别用石油醚、二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯萃取,继而得到石油醚部位(118 g)、二氯甲烷部位(120 g)和乙酸乙酯部位(45 g)。本研究先后对二氯甲烷部位和乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶柱色谱进行初步分离,经薄层色谱检识后,进一步用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、制备薄层色谱、高效液相制备色谱反复分离纯化得到单体化合物。运用HR-FAB-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、1H-1H-COSY、HMQC、HMBC、NOESY等波谱学方法进行检测,依据测定的图谱数据分析确定单体化合物的平面结构和立体结构。
薄层检识中用薄层用硅胶GF254和0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠混匀后铺制的硅胶薄板展开,挥尽展开剂后,先在254nm的紫外灯下观察,再浸入10%的硫酸乙醇溶液后140℃加热显色。
分析型和制备型高效液相所用流动相均为甲醇-水两相溶剂,梯度洗脱,分析型高效液相流动相流速为1 mL/min,制备型高效液相流动相流速为2.5 mL/min.
结果:通过系统提取分离植物冷蒿(A. frigida)的地上部分,从中得到19个单体化合物,由于时间的限制仅确定了其中7个化合物的结构。其中包括4个倍半萜类化合物,1个香豆素类化合物,1个二苯甲酸酯类化合物和1个苯乙酮类化合物。结构鉴定结果按分离得到的先后顺序排列,7个化合物分别为: 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-D(1), isoscopoletin(5), 1,15-Dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6), 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(7), 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C(11), terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester(19), p-hydroxyacetophenone(20)。
结论:本课题对蒿属植物冷蒿(A. frigida)地上部分的化学成分进行了系统研究,提取方法及提取溶剂选择恰当。采用了硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、制备薄层色谱、高效液相制备色谱等多种分离方法,共分离得到19个化合物,并且运用了多种现代波谱手段及其相关知识进行结构鉴定,由于时间的限制仅确定了其中7个化合物的结构。其中化合物11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-D(1),11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C(11)和terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester (19)为首次从植物中分离得到。化合物isoscopoletin(5)和p-hydroxyacetophenone(20)为首次从冷蒿中分离得到,8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(7)为首次从蒿属中分离得到,化合物1,15-dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6)为新化合物。活性初筛结果显示化合物5对人白细胞弹性蛋白酶(HLE)表现出较强的抑制活性,但无剂量依赖性。
Artemisia frigid, named xiaobaihao too, is a perennial herb and sometimes subshrub belonging to genus Artemisia. It is widespread in our country, middle Asia, Siberia, Europe and North America[1]. In our country, it is constructive species or companion species of phytobiocoenose growing in forest grassland, grassland, desert grassland and some arid regions [1]. The whole plant of A. frigid was used to treat icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, difficulty in micturition, itch of skin, eczema, ascariasis and enterobiasis in traditional Chinese medicine. And in traditional Mongolia medicine, it is named“a’ge”, used to remedy haematemesis, haemorrhagia nasalis, irregular menses, bleeding wound and“qi ha”disease. Sometimes, A. frigida was used as substitunte of A. capillaries and favourable nutritive value forage for livestocks in grazing areas. Plants of Artemisia were rich in sesquiterpenes, flavones, coumarins, monterpenes and polyacetylenes, particularly sesquiterpene compounds with variable pharmacological activities is noticeable. Especially, there is an increasing interest in species of the genus Artemisia following the discovery and successful clinical trials of the antimalarial sesquiterpene artemisinin obtained from the ancient Chinese medicinal plant A. annua[2]. By far, reports on the chemical constituents of A. frigida are rare in home or abroad and the existing literature shows that the main constituents of A. frigida are flavonoids, sesquiterpenes and acetylenic compounds[3,4,5]. So, it is of particular significance to look for new chemical composition from A. frigida, on the basis of this, to explore structure-activity relationship of similar compounds and as a guide to conduct in-depth research on the active ingredients. We systemically investigated the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of A. frigida, and established the structures of the isolated pure compounds on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR methods. In addition, we carried out a wide range of bioassay for part of the compounds obtained.
Objective: In order to develop the natural resources, enrich the diversities of Traditional Chinese Medicine and find out new compounds from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigid, we use the technologies of Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH-20 gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, HPLC and recrystallization to systemically isolate and purify the compounds of this plant, and use the spectroscopic methods including MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H-COSY, HMQC and HMBC to characterize the structures of the isolated pure compounds. To check up the effect of the pure compounds isolated from I. japonica on human tumor cells.
Methods: The pulverized dried aerial parts of Artemisia frigida (7.12 Kg) were macerated for 7 days at room temperature with 95% alcohol for three times. Heating the leachate and adding in absorbite, after filtered and evaporated of the alcohol in vacuum to yield the total crud extract of 2Kg. The crude extract was suspended in saturated brine and extracted successively with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate in order to obtain three fractions: the petroleum ether fraction 118 g, the dichloromethane fraction 120 g and the ethyl acetate fraction 45 g. The dichloromethane fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction were applied to silica gel column chromatography for preliminary fractionation in turn; each fraction was monitored with TLC and combined the similar fractions. Combined subfractions were subjected to Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH-20 gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and/or reversed phase preparative HPLC for further separation and purification to get pure compounds. The spectroscopic methods including various of 1D and 2D NMR methods were used for the structural identification of these compounds.
Results: Systemical separation of the aerial parts of A. frigida yielded 19 compounds of them, the structures of 7 compounds were identified on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 4 sesquterpenes, a coumarin, a benzoate and an acetophenone. They are 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-D(1), isoscopoletin(5), 1,15-Dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6), 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(7), 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C(11), terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester (19), p-hydroxyacetophenone (20)。
Conclusion: The results of our experiment indicated that the solvents and methods of extraction and isolation used in this experiment are practicable. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH-20 gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC were employed to isolate and purify the components of the aerial parts of A. frigida, and variety of spectroscopic methods were used to establish the structures of the compounds. We obtained 19 compounds in all, and the structures of 7 compounds were identified with the aid of spectroscopic methods. 11,13-Dihydrozaluzanin-D (1), 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C (11) and terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester (19) were isolated as natural products from the plants for the first time. Isoscopoletin (5) and p-hydroxyacetophenone (20) were isolated from A. frigida for the first time, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (7) was isolated from plants of Artemisia for the first time. 1,15-Dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6) is a new compound. Compound 5 showed notable inhibition on HLE at 0.125 mg/mL.
目的:本研究以冷蒿地上部分为研究对象,利用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、制备薄层色谱、高效液相制备色谱以及重结晶等分离纯化技术对其进行系统研究,寻找新的化学成分,并应用MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、1H-1H-COSY、HMQC、HMBC、NOESY等现代化手段完成单体化合物分子的结构鉴定,开发自然资源,丰富中药的多样性;并对所得的部分单体化合物进行了广泛的活性筛选,为进一步开发利用提供依据。
方法:干燥的冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)地上部分(7.17 Kg)适当粉碎后,用95%乙醇冷浸三次,浸出液加热,加入活性炭趁热抽滤,合并滤液减压浓缩至粘膏状(2 Kg),将其悬浮于饱和NaCl水溶液中,分别用石油醚、二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯萃取,继而得到石油醚部位(118 g)、二氯甲烷部位(120 g)和乙酸乙酯部位(45 g)。本研究先后对二氯甲烷部位和乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶柱色谱进行初步分离,经薄层色谱检识后,进一步用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、制备薄层色谱、高效液相制备色谱反复分离纯化得到单体化合物。运用HR-FAB-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、1H-1H-COSY、HMQC、HMBC、NOESY等波谱学方法进行检测,依据测定的图谱数据分析确定单体化合物的平面结构和立体结构。
薄层检识中用薄层用硅胶GF254和0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠混匀后铺制的硅胶薄板展开,挥尽展开剂后,先在254nm的紫外灯下观察,再浸入10%的硫酸乙醇溶液后140℃加热显色。
分析型和制备型高效液相所用流动相均为甲醇-水两相溶剂,梯度洗脱,分析型高效液相流动相流速为1 mL/min,制备型高效液相流动相流速为2.5 mL/min.
结果:通过系统提取分离植物冷蒿(A. frigida)的地上部分,从中得到19个单体化合物,由于时间的限制仅确定了其中7个化合物的结构。其中包括4个倍半萜类化合物,1个香豆素类化合物,1个二苯甲酸酯类化合物和1个苯乙酮类化合物。结构鉴定结果按分离得到的先后顺序排列,7个化合物分别为: 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-D(1), isoscopoletin(5), 1,15-Dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6), 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(7), 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C(11), terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester(19), p-hydroxyacetophenone(20)。
结论:本课题对蒿属植物冷蒿(A. frigida)地上部分的化学成分进行了系统研究,提取方法及提取溶剂选择恰当。采用了硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、制备薄层色谱、高效液相制备色谱等多种分离方法,共分离得到19个化合物,并且运用了多种现代波谱手段及其相关知识进行结构鉴定,由于时间的限制仅确定了其中7个化合物的结构。其中化合物11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-D(1),11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C(11)和terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester (19)为首次从植物中分离得到。化合物isoscopoletin(5)和p-hydroxyacetophenone(20)为首次从冷蒿中分离得到,8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(7)为首次从蒿属中分离得到,化合物1,15-dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6)为新化合物。活性初筛结果显示化合物5对人白细胞弹性蛋白酶(HLE)表现出较强的抑制活性,但无剂量依赖性。
Artemisia frigid, named xiaobaihao too, is a perennial herb and sometimes subshrub belonging to genus Artemisia. It is widespread in our country, middle Asia, Siberia, Europe and North America[1]. In our country, it is constructive species or companion species of phytobiocoenose growing in forest grassland, grassland, desert grassland and some arid regions [1]. The whole plant of A. frigid was used to treat icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, difficulty in micturition, itch of skin, eczema, ascariasis and enterobiasis in traditional Chinese medicine. And in traditional Mongolia medicine, it is named“a’ge”, used to remedy haematemesis, haemorrhagia nasalis, irregular menses, bleeding wound and“qi ha”disease. Sometimes, A. frigida was used as substitunte of A. capillaries and favourable nutritive value forage for livestocks in grazing areas. Plants of Artemisia were rich in sesquiterpenes, flavones, coumarins, monterpenes and polyacetylenes, particularly sesquiterpene compounds with variable pharmacological activities is noticeable. Especially, there is an increasing interest in species of the genus Artemisia following the discovery and successful clinical trials of the antimalarial sesquiterpene artemisinin obtained from the ancient Chinese medicinal plant A. annua[2]. By far, reports on the chemical constituents of A. frigida are rare in home or abroad and the existing literature shows that the main constituents of A. frigida are flavonoids, sesquiterpenes and acetylenic compounds[3,4,5]. So, it is of particular significance to look for new chemical composition from A. frigida, on the basis of this, to explore structure-activity relationship of similar compounds and as a guide to conduct in-depth research on the active ingredients. We systemically investigated the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of A. frigida, and established the structures of the isolated pure compounds on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR methods. In addition, we carried out a wide range of bioassay for part of the compounds obtained.
Objective: In order to develop the natural resources, enrich the diversities of Traditional Chinese Medicine and find out new compounds from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigid, we use the technologies of Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH-20 gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, HPLC and recrystallization to systemically isolate and purify the compounds of this plant, and use the spectroscopic methods including MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H-COSY, HMQC and HMBC to characterize the structures of the isolated pure compounds. To check up the effect of the pure compounds isolated from I. japonica on human tumor cells.
Methods: The pulverized dried aerial parts of Artemisia frigida (7.12 Kg) were macerated for 7 days at room temperature with 95% alcohol for three times. Heating the leachate and adding in absorbite, after filtered and evaporated of the alcohol in vacuum to yield the total crud extract of 2Kg. The crude extract was suspended in saturated brine and extracted successively with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate in order to obtain three fractions: the petroleum ether fraction 118 g, the dichloromethane fraction 120 g and the ethyl acetate fraction 45 g. The dichloromethane fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction were applied to silica gel column chromatography for preliminary fractionation in turn; each fraction was monitored with TLC and combined the similar fractions. Combined subfractions were subjected to Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH-20 gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and/or reversed phase preparative HPLC for further separation and purification to get pure compounds. The spectroscopic methods including various of 1D and 2D NMR methods were used for the structural identification of these compounds.
Results: Systemical separation of the aerial parts of A. frigida yielded 19 compounds of them, the structures of 7 compounds were identified on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 4 sesquterpenes, a coumarin, a benzoate and an acetophenone. They are 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-D(1), isoscopoletin(5), 1,15-Dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6), 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(7), 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C(11), terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester (19), p-hydroxyacetophenone (20)。
Conclusion: The results of our experiment indicated that the solvents and methods of extraction and isolation used in this experiment are practicable. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH-20 gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC were employed to isolate and purify the components of the aerial parts of A. frigida, and variety of spectroscopic methods were used to establish the structures of the compounds. We obtained 19 compounds in all, and the structures of 7 compounds were identified with the aid of spectroscopic methods. 11,13-Dihydrozaluzanin-D (1), 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C (11) and terephthalic acid tricyclic ethylene ester (19) were isolated as natural products from the plants for the first time. Isoscopoletin (5) and p-hydroxyacetophenone (20) were isolated from A. frigida for the first time, 8α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (7) was isolated from plants of Artemisia for the first time. 1,15-Dioxoeudesm-12,6-olide (6) is a new compound. Compound 5 showed notable inhibition on HLE at 0.125 mg/mL.
引文
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