北亚热带林带和农田土壤呼吸及环境影响研究
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摘要
于2009年3月到2010年11月在江苏省南京市北郊的龙王山林带进行原位观测试验。田间试验于2009年3月到2010年11月在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站进行原位观测试验。使用便携式土壤CO2通量观测仪(LI-8100,美国LI-COR公司)进行观测。试验结果表明,林带和农田的平均土壤呼吸速率分别为(3.05±0.12)、(2.66±0.20)μmol·(m2·s)-1.林带土壤呼吸和农田土壤呼吸差异不显著(p=0.218)。林带和农田土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的指数回归关系均达显著水平(p<0.01,p<0.05),林带土壤呼吸的温度敏感性高于农田土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。
于2009年3月～2010年1月在龙王山北亚热带林带进行短期模拟酸雨试验。结果表明,在本试验阶段,四个酸雨强度处理CK (pH=6.4去离子水)、T1(pH=4.5)、T2(pH=3.5)、T3(pH=2.5)的平均土壤呼吸速率分别为(3.20±0.21)、(3.34±0.30)、(3.51±0.06)、(2.99±0.23)整个观测阶段内,低强度模拟酸雨处理未显著改变北亚热带林带的土壤呼吸,仅高强度模拟酸雨T3显著抑制了土壤呼吸作用。不同酸雨强度处理下的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的指数回归关系均达显著水平(p<0.01),模拟酸雨处理降低了北亚热带林带土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。
为研究臭氧浓度升高对农田土壤呼吸的影响,采用开顶箱(OTC)法设置3个臭氧浓度处理,分别为对照CK、T1(100 nL·L-1臭氧)和T2 (150 nL·L-1臭氧)。结果表明,在本实验阶段内,CK、T1、T2处理的土壤呼吸速率之间无显著差异(p>0.05),其平均土壤呼吸速率分别为(5.36±0.72)、(5.08±0.04)、(4.94±0.18)μmol·(m2·s)-1.不同臭氧浓度处理下的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的指数回归关系均达显著水平(p<0.05)。臭氧浓度升高未显著改变冬小麦农田土壤呼吸,但臭氧浓度升高显著降低了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。
This forest soil respiration experiment was conducted in a northern subtropical natural secondary forest from March 2009 to November 2010. Farmland soil respiration experiment was carried out in agrometeorological experimental station of NanJing University of Information Science & Technology from March 2009 to November 2010. A portable soil CO2 fluxes system was used to measure soil respiration rates. Results showed that forest and farmland soil respiration had significant seasonal variation patterns. Mean soil respiration rates for natural secondary forest and farmland were (3.05±0.12), (2.66±0.20). Independent t-test analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in soil respiration rates among natural secondary forest and farmland. During the experimental period, natural secondary forest and farmland soil respiration showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature. The Q10 values (the respiratory flux at one temperature over the flux at a temperature 10℃lower) were 2.61,1.65 for natural secondary forest and farmland soil respiration. The temperature sensitivity of natural secondary forest soil respiration was higher than that of farmland soil respiration.
In order to investigate the effects of acid rain on forest soil respiration, a simulated acid rain experiment was conducted in a northern subtropical natural secondary forest from March 2009 to January 2010. Acid rain treatments included CK(pH=6.4,deionized water), T1(pH=4.5), T2(pH=3.5) and T3(pH=2.5). A portable soil CO2 fluxes system was used to measure soil respiration rates. Results showed that soil respiration among all treatments had significant seasonal variation patterns. Mean soil respiration rates for CK, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were (3.20±0.21), (3.34±0.30), (3.51±0.06), (2.99±0.23)μmol·m2·s)-1, respectively. The experimental period was divided into three parts, which were non-growth period 1 (from February,2009 to April,2009), growth period (from Mary,2009 to October, 2009), non-growth period 2 (from November,2009 to January,2010), respectively. A paired t-test analysis showed that simulated acid rain did not inhibit soil respiration, T1 and T2 even promoted soil respiration in slow growing period 1; T3 significantly inhibited soil respiration during the growth period; simulated acid rain also promoted soil respiration during the non-growth period 2.Only T3 significantly inhibited soil respiration during the whole experimental period. During the whole experimental period, soil respiration showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature for each of the treatment. The Q10 values were 3.04,2.73,2.83 and 2.51 for CK, T1, T2, T3 treatments, respectively. Simulated acid rain significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the northern subtropical natural secondary forest.
Field experiments were carried out in a winter wheat farmland, in order to investigate the effects of elevated ozone concentration on soil respiration. Three ozone concentration treatments, which were CK, T1 (100 nL·L-1) and T2 (150 nL·L-1), were arranged using open top chambers (OTCs). A portable soil CO2 fluxes system was used to measure soil respiration rates. Results indicated that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in soil respiration rates among CK、T1 and T2 treatments. Mean soil respriation rates for CK、T1 and T2 treatments were (5.36±0.72), (5.08±0.04), (4.94±0.18)μmol·(m2·s)-1, respectively.During the experimental period, soil respiration showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature for each of the treatment. The Q10 values were 1.72,1.58 and 1.51 for CK, T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. This study indicated that elevated ozone concentration did not significantly affect soil respiration rates in the winter wheat farmland. Elevated ozone concentration, however, significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.
于2009年3月～2010年1月在龙王山北亚热带林带进行短期模拟酸雨试验。结果表明,在本试验阶段,四个酸雨强度处理CK (pH=6.4去离子水)、T1(pH=4.5)、T2(pH=3.5)、T3(pH=2.5)的平均土壤呼吸速率分别为(3.20±0.21)、(3.34±0.30)、(3.51±0.06)、(2.99±0.23)整个观测阶段内,低强度模拟酸雨处理未显著改变北亚热带林带的土壤呼吸,仅高强度模拟酸雨T3显著抑制了土壤呼吸作用。不同酸雨强度处理下的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的指数回归关系均达显著水平(p<0.01),模拟酸雨处理降低了北亚热带林带土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。
为研究臭氧浓度升高对农田土壤呼吸的影响,采用开顶箱(OTC)法设置3个臭氧浓度处理,分别为对照CK、T1(100 nL·L-1臭氧)和T2 (150 nL·L-1臭氧)。结果表明,在本实验阶段内,CK、T1、T2处理的土壤呼吸速率之间无显著差异(p>0.05),其平均土壤呼吸速率分别为(5.36±0.72)、(5.08±0.04)、(4.94±0.18)μmol·(m2·s)-1.不同臭氧浓度处理下的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的指数回归关系均达显著水平(p<0.05)。臭氧浓度升高未显著改变冬小麦农田土壤呼吸,但臭氧浓度升高显著降低了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。
This forest soil respiration experiment was conducted in a northern subtropical natural secondary forest from March 2009 to November 2010. Farmland soil respiration experiment was carried out in agrometeorological experimental station of NanJing University of Information Science & Technology from March 2009 to November 2010. A portable soil CO2 fluxes system was used to measure soil respiration rates. Results showed that forest and farmland soil respiration had significant seasonal variation patterns. Mean soil respiration rates for natural secondary forest and farmland were (3.05±0.12), (2.66±0.20). Independent t-test analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in soil respiration rates among natural secondary forest and farmland. During the experimental period, natural secondary forest and farmland soil respiration showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature. The Q10 values (the respiratory flux at one temperature over the flux at a temperature 10℃lower) were 2.61,1.65 for natural secondary forest and farmland soil respiration. The temperature sensitivity of natural secondary forest soil respiration was higher than that of farmland soil respiration.
In order to investigate the effects of acid rain on forest soil respiration, a simulated acid rain experiment was conducted in a northern subtropical natural secondary forest from March 2009 to January 2010. Acid rain treatments included CK(pH=6.4,deionized water), T1(pH=4.5), T2(pH=3.5) and T3(pH=2.5). A portable soil CO2 fluxes system was used to measure soil respiration rates. Results showed that soil respiration among all treatments had significant seasonal variation patterns. Mean soil respiration rates for CK, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were (3.20±0.21), (3.34±0.30), (3.51±0.06), (2.99±0.23)μmol·m2·s)-1, respectively. The experimental period was divided into three parts, which were non-growth period 1 (from February,2009 to April,2009), growth period (from Mary,2009 to October, 2009), non-growth period 2 (from November,2009 to January,2010), respectively. A paired t-test analysis showed that simulated acid rain did not inhibit soil respiration, T1 and T2 even promoted soil respiration in slow growing period 1; T3 significantly inhibited soil respiration during the growth period; simulated acid rain also promoted soil respiration during the non-growth period 2.Only T3 significantly inhibited soil respiration during the whole experimental period. During the whole experimental period, soil respiration showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature for each of the treatment. The Q10 values were 3.04,2.73,2.83 and 2.51 for CK, T1, T2, T3 treatments, respectively. Simulated acid rain significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the northern subtropical natural secondary forest.
Field experiments were carried out in a winter wheat farmland, in order to investigate the effects of elevated ozone concentration on soil respiration. Three ozone concentration treatments, which were CK, T1 (100 nL·L-1) and T2 (150 nL·L-1), were arranged using open top chambers (OTCs). A portable soil CO2 fluxes system was used to measure soil respiration rates. Results indicated that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in soil respiration rates among CK、T1 and T2 treatments. Mean soil respriation rates for CK、T1 and T2 treatments were (5.36±0.72), (5.08±0.04), (4.94±0.18)μmol·(m2·s)-1, respectively.During the experimental period, soil respiration showed an exponential relationship with soil temperature for each of the treatment. The Q10 values were 1.72,1.58 and 1.51 for CK, T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. This study indicated that elevated ozone concentration did not significantly affect soil respiration rates in the winter wheat farmland. Elevated ozone concentration, however, significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.
引文
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