铁磁性金属、铁氧体及其复合物的合成与应用研究
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摘要
磁性纳米粒子引起各领域的研究人员的极大兴趣，包括磁流体，催化，生物技术/生物医学，磁共振成像，数据存储，和环境治理等广泛领域。大量文献已报道磁性纳米颗粒的合成、保护、功能化和应用，以及纳米系统的磁特性。然而，这些纳米材料由于其体积小，容易聚集在一起；因为表面活性使它们变得不稳定，并具有粒度分布较宽等缺点。因此有必要研究获得窄的粒度分布、小尺寸和稳定分散的磁性纳米粒子。磁性纳米粒子的另一个潜在的应用是利用它们作为有机染料和无机材料去除剂，由于它们具有磁性，在外磁场作用下可以快速回收，并且可以重复利用。本论文研究了铁磁性金属、铁氧体材料的合成及其应用。主要内容如下七部分：
一、采用水热法合成了MFe_2O_4(M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)铁氧体纳米晶体，并比较了它们对刚果红（CR）的吸附能力。首次全面的比较和分析尖晶石铁氧体纳米晶体对CR的吸附能力。研究表明，MFe_2O_4铁氧体的阳离子分布是决定其吸附能力最重要的因素。静电吸附是主要的吸附机制。MFe_2O_4纳米粒子表现出明显的铁磁行为，在磁场作用下能从废水中进行高效磁分离。此外，可以用丙酮作为负载了CR的MFe_2O_4纳米粒子的脱附剂。所有的尖晶石铁氧体纳米晶具有良好的软磁性能，特别是CoFe_2O_4纳米晶具有最高的饱和磁化强度（86.1emu·g~(-1)）和最高的CR吸附能力。由Langmuir等温模型计算出，CoFe_2O_4对CR的最大吸附能力为244.5mg·g~(-1)。
二、为了提高磁铁矿对CR的吸附能力，进行了掺入镧离子的研究。研究了纳米晶Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4(x=0,0.01,0.05,0.10)铁氧体对溶液中CR的移除能力。与未掺杂磁铁矿相比，掺杂La~(3+)离子后吸附能力从37.4mg·g~(-1)提高到79.1mg·g~(-1)。实验结果表明，掺杂La~(3+)离子对提高磁铁矿的吸附能力是有效的。在La~(3+)掺杂的磁铁矿中Fe_(2.95)La_(0.05)O_4具有最高的饱和磁化强度和吸附能力。Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4负载CR后，可以利用丙酮进行脱附，脱附率可达92%。此外，Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4具有铁磁性，在外磁场作用下可以从污水中进行高效磁分离。研究发现高的磁性能有利于同类产物吸附能力的提高。
三、利用低温水热法合成了α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物。通过透射电镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）分析发现α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物是由链状的α-Fe和薄片状的Fe_3O_4构成的。α-Fe在α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物中的重量比为35.6%。α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物对于污水中的CR具有非常高的移除能力，在三分钟内几乎能全部去除溶液中CR。对于初始浓度为100mg·L~(-1)的CR溶液，最大移除能力可达1297.06mg·g~(-1)。α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米粒子具有高的饱和磁化强度(80.5emu·g~(-1))，使得在负载了CR后能够快速的从悬浮液中进行磁分离。由于在CR的去除过程中同时包括吸附和还原反应作用，纳米复合物的协同作用有利于增强对CR的移除能力。通过可见紫外吸收光谱（UV–Vis），X射线衍射（XRD）和红外吸收光谱（FTIR）对降解产物的分析，提出了α-Fe/Fe_3O_4复合物对CR移除的可能降解机制。利用α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物可以减少处理时间、高效的移除污水中的染料，同时其合成方法简单、低成本和无污染。
四、通过改变联氨的剂量采用溶剂热法合成了hcp/fcc混合结构钴和hcp结构的钴，同时研究了晶体结构对它们的磁性能和对CR移除能力的影响。这是首次报道利用微米和亚微米级钴晶体移除CR，混合结构的钴对CR的移除能力可达694.4mg·g~(-1)。通过高分辨透射电子显微镜可以清晰的观察到hcp/fcc混合结构钴的混合程度。此外，Co晶体的饱和磁化强度(Ms)随着hcp相的增加而增加，它的矫顽力(Hc)随着hcp相的增加而减少。混合程度最大的Co晶体具有最高的移除CR的能力。微米和亚微米级Co晶体在吸附CR后能够很容易进行磁分离。
五、利用水热法合成了水溶性的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子，它在水溶液中具有高的溶解度(28mg·mL~1)和稳定性（至少存在一个月）。水溶性Fe_3O_4对Pb~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的移除能力高于非水溶性的Fe_3O_4。水溶性Fe_3O_4NPs具有高的饱和磁化强度(83.4emu·g~(-1))，有利于污水处理过程中的高效分离。水溶性的磁铁矿作为吸附剂，在无机械搅拌或任何外部力量的帮助下可直接溶解于水，这解决了在污水净化领域的磁性粉末的实际应用中的一个关键问题。水溶性Fe_3O_4NPs在两分钟内可以移除90%的浓度为10ppm的Pb~(2+)。
六、利用简单的一壶水热反应法合成钴/石墨烯纳米复合物的方法。利用NaBH_4作为还原剂。制备的Co/G纳米复合物具有窄的尺寸分布和好的分散性，在能量存储和环境应用方面有应用前景。将Co/G纳米复合物分别应用于锂离子电池和去除CR的吸附剂。Co/G纳米复合物电极经过50次循环后，库伦效率超过97%，说明它具有高的充放电可逆性。Co/G纳米复合物作为CR的吸附剂，移除能力达934.9mg·g~(-1)。
七、研究一步法合成水溶性的Fe_3O_4/石墨烯纳米复合物，此方法是利用氧化石墨烯还原生成石墨烯，Fe_3O_4纳米粒子均匀的嵌在石墨烯片上。Fe_3O_4/石墨烯纳米复合物用作磁共振T2造影剂，显示出高效的增强效果。
Magnetic nanoparticles are of great interest for researchers from a widerange of disciplines, including magnetic fluids, catalysis,biotechnology/biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, data storage, andenvironmental remediation. A number of literatures have been reported on thethe synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magneticnanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems.However, these nano-sized materials are easy to gather together due to theirsmall size, and they are unstable because of the active surface, and they havewide size distributions. Hence it is necessary to obtain magnetic nanoparticleswith smaller and narrower size distribution than the ones manipulated withexternal magnetic fields and with dispersion stability. Another potential application of these nanoparticles is their use as tertiary treatment of residualwaters acting as powerful reducer agents of organic and inorganic material,with the advantage that it could be possible to recycle and separate themagnetite particles by an external magnetic field. In this paper, synthesis andapplication of ferromagnetic metal, ferrite and their composites the conditionsof synthesis of magneitc nanomaterials are studied.The main results obtainedin the thesis are divided into seven parts as following:
Firstly, we compare the adsorption capacity of different MFe_2O_4(M=Mn,Fe, Co, Ni) ferrite nanocrystals synthesized a by hydrothermal method forCongo red (CR). It is the first time to give a comprehensive comparison andanalysis of the adsorption capacity of ferrite nanocrystals with spinel structurefor CR. Research indicates that the cations distribution of MFe_2O_4ferrites isthe most important factor to decide their adsorption capacity. Electrostaticabsorption was conceived as the main adsorption mechanism. Meanwhile, the MFe_2O_4nanoparticles exhibited a clearly ferromagnetic behavior under appliedmagnetic field, which allowed their high-efficient magnetic separation fromwastewater. Furthermore, acetone is an effective desorption agent fordesorption of MFe_2O_4nanoparticles loaded by CR. All of the spinel ferritenanocrystals possess good soft-magnetism, especially, CoFe_2O_4nanocrystalsexhibit a higher saturation magnetization of86.1emu·g~(-1)as well as theoutstanding adsorption capacity for CR. By the calculation of Langmuirisotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CoFe_2O_4for CR is244.5mg·g~(-1).
Secondly, this investigation was to increase the adsorption capacity ofmagnetite for CR by adulterating a small quantity of La~(3+)ions into it. Theadsorption capability of nanocrystalline Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4(x=0,0.01,0.05,0.10)ferrite to remove CR from aqueous solution was evaluated carefully.Compared with undoped magnetite, the adsorption values were increased from 37.4to79.1mg·g~(-1). The experimental results prove that it is effectual toincrease the adsorption capacity of magnetite by doped La~(3+)ions. Among theLa~(3+)-doped magnetite, Fe2.95La0.05O4nanoparticles exhibit the highestsaturation magnetization and the maximum adsorption capability. Thedesorption ability of La~(3+)-doped magnetite nanoparticles loaded by CR canreach92%after the treatment of acetone. Furthermore, the Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4nanoparticles exhibited a clearly ferromagnetic behavior under appliedmagnetic field, which allowed their high-efficient magnetic separation fromwastewater. It is found that high magnetism facilitates to improve theiradsorption capacity for the similar products.
Thirdly, a facile low-temperature hydrothermal process to synthesizeα-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite is reported. TEM and HRTEM revealed that theα-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite was composed of catenulate α-Fe and lamellarstructured Fe_3O_4. The weight ratio of α-Fe in the α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite is 35.6%. The α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite demonstrates an extremely high Congored (CR) removal efficiency from the wastewater almost complete removalwithin3minutes. For100mg·L1of CR aqueous solution, the maximum of CRremoval can reach1297.06mg·g~(-1). The large saturation magnetization (80.5emu·g~(-1)) of the nanocomposite allows fast separation of α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanopartilces loaded with CR from the liquid suspension. The synergisticeffect of the nanocomposite may contribute to the enhanced CR removal ability,because the CR can be removed by reduction reaction and adsorption at thesame time. Based on the degradation products identified by UV–Vis spectra,XRD and FTIR spectra, a possible degradation mechanism of CR on theα-Fe/Fe_3O_4composite was proposed. The significantly reduced treatment timerequired to remove the CR and the simple, low-cost and pollution-freepreparation method make α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite promising for the highly
Fourthly，cobalt crystals with hcp and fcc mixture structure and hcpstructure were prepared by a solvothermal process based on the dosages ofN2H4·H2O, in the meantime effect of crystal structure on their magneticproperties and Congo red (CR) removal abilities were evaluated. To our bestknowledge, it is the first time to report the CR removal by micron andsub-micron sizes of Co crystals, and the best CR removal ability can reach694.4mg·g~(-1). For the hcp and fcc mixture structure of Co crystal, the degree ofmixing can be clearly observed from the HRTEM images. Furthermore, thesaturation magnetization (Ms) of Co crystal is increased with the increase ofhcp phase, while its coercivity (Hc) is decreased with the increase of hcp phase.The Co crystal with the most mixture structure has the highest CR removalability. And the micron and sub-micron sizes of Co crystals will be good formagnetic separation after CR removal.
Fifth, we synthesized water-soluble Fe_3O_4nanoparticles (NPs) with sufficiently high solubility (28mg·mL1) and stability (at least one month)through hydrothermal approach, also found that they exhibited excellentremoval ability for heavy-metal ions from waste water. It is noteworthy thatthe adsorption ability of the water-soluble Fe_3O_4NPs to Pb2+and Cr6+isstronger than water-insoluble Fe_3O_4NPs. Furthermore, the water-soluble Fe_3O_4NPs exhibited relatively high saturation magnetization (83.4emu·g~(-1)), whichallowed their high-efficient magnetic separation from wastewater. The mostimportant thing is that the water-soluble magnetite as an adsorbent can directlydissolve in water without the help of mechanical stir or any extraneous forces,which may solve a key problem for practical application of magnetic powdersin the field of sewage purification. Moreover, the water-soluble Fe_3O_4NPsshow high-efficient adsorption capacity for10ppm of Pb2+ions solution whichcan reach90%within2minutes.
Sixth, we report a facile approach to prepare cobalt hybrid/graphene(Co/G) nanocomposite via a general one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. NaBH4isused as the reducing agent. Co/G nanocomposite possesses narrowsize-distribution and good dispersion, enabling their tremendous potential forenergy and environment applications. As a proof of concept, we demonstratethe use of Co/G nanocomposite in a lithium-ion battery and an adsorbent forCongo red (CR), respectively. More importantly, more than97%of capacityretention (605mAh·g~(-1)) is retained after50cycles, indicative of highcharge/discharge reversibility of the Co/G nanocomposite electrode. And theCR removal ability of Co/G nanocomposite can reach934.9mg·g~(-1).
Lastly, we report a facile approach to synthesize water-dispersiblenanocomposite with Fe_3O_4nanoparticles attached to graphene, which combinesthe growth of Fe_3O_4nanoparticles and the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in one single step. The Fe_3O_4/G nanocomposite showed high T2relaxivityindicating its potential as an ultrasensitive T2contrast agent.
一、采用水热法合成了MFe_2O_4(M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)铁氧体纳米晶体，并比较了它们对刚果红（CR）的吸附能力。首次全面的比较和分析尖晶石铁氧体纳米晶体对CR的吸附能力。研究表明，MFe_2O_4铁氧体的阳离子分布是决定其吸附能力最重要的因素。静电吸附是主要的吸附机制。MFe_2O_4纳米粒子表现出明显的铁磁行为，在磁场作用下能从废水中进行高效磁分离。此外，可以用丙酮作为负载了CR的MFe_2O_4纳米粒子的脱附剂。所有的尖晶石铁氧体纳米晶具有良好的软磁性能，特别是CoFe_2O_4纳米晶具有最高的饱和磁化强度（86.1emu·g~(-1)）和最高的CR吸附能力。由Langmuir等温模型计算出，CoFe_2O_4对CR的最大吸附能力为244.5mg·g~(-1)。
二、为了提高磁铁矿对CR的吸附能力，进行了掺入镧离子的研究。研究了纳米晶Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4(x=0,0.01,0.05,0.10)铁氧体对溶液中CR的移除能力。与未掺杂磁铁矿相比，掺杂La~(3+)离子后吸附能力从37.4mg·g~(-1)提高到79.1mg·g~(-1)。实验结果表明，掺杂La~(3+)离子对提高磁铁矿的吸附能力是有效的。在La~(3+)掺杂的磁铁矿中Fe_(2.95)La_(0.05)O_4具有最高的饱和磁化强度和吸附能力。Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4负载CR后，可以利用丙酮进行脱附，脱附率可达92%。此外，Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4具有铁磁性，在外磁场作用下可以从污水中进行高效磁分离。研究发现高的磁性能有利于同类产物吸附能力的提高。
三、利用低温水热法合成了α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物。通过透射电镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）分析发现α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物是由链状的α-Fe和薄片状的Fe_3O_4构成的。α-Fe在α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物中的重量比为35.6%。α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物对于污水中的CR具有非常高的移除能力，在三分钟内几乎能全部去除溶液中CR。对于初始浓度为100mg·L~(-1)的CR溶液，最大移除能力可达1297.06mg·g~(-1)。α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米粒子具有高的饱和磁化强度(80.5emu·g~(-1))，使得在负载了CR后能够快速的从悬浮液中进行磁分离。由于在CR的去除过程中同时包括吸附和还原反应作用，纳米复合物的协同作用有利于增强对CR的移除能力。通过可见紫外吸收光谱（UV–Vis），X射线衍射（XRD）和红外吸收光谱（FTIR）对降解产物的分析，提出了α-Fe/Fe_3O_4复合物对CR移除的可能降解机制。利用α-Fe/Fe_3O_4纳米复合物可以减少处理时间、高效的移除污水中的染料，同时其合成方法简单、低成本和无污染。
四、通过改变联氨的剂量采用溶剂热法合成了hcp/fcc混合结构钴和hcp结构的钴，同时研究了晶体结构对它们的磁性能和对CR移除能力的影响。这是首次报道利用微米和亚微米级钴晶体移除CR，混合结构的钴对CR的移除能力可达694.4mg·g~(-1)。通过高分辨透射电子显微镜可以清晰的观察到hcp/fcc混合结构钴的混合程度。此外，Co晶体的饱和磁化强度(Ms)随着hcp相的增加而增加，它的矫顽力(Hc)随着hcp相的增加而减少。混合程度最大的Co晶体具有最高的移除CR的能力。微米和亚微米级Co晶体在吸附CR后能够很容易进行磁分离。
五、利用水热法合成了水溶性的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子，它在水溶液中具有高的溶解度(28mg·mL~1)和稳定性（至少存在一个月）。水溶性Fe_3O_4对Pb~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的移除能力高于非水溶性的Fe_3O_4。水溶性Fe_3O_4NPs具有高的饱和磁化强度(83.4emu·g~(-1))，有利于污水处理过程中的高效分离。水溶性的磁铁矿作为吸附剂，在无机械搅拌或任何外部力量的帮助下可直接溶解于水，这解决了在污水净化领域的磁性粉末的实际应用中的一个关键问题。水溶性Fe_3O_4NPs在两分钟内可以移除90%的浓度为10ppm的Pb~(2+)。
六、利用简单的一壶水热反应法合成钴/石墨烯纳米复合物的方法。利用NaBH_4作为还原剂。制备的Co/G纳米复合物具有窄的尺寸分布和好的分散性，在能量存储和环境应用方面有应用前景。将Co/G纳米复合物分别应用于锂离子电池和去除CR的吸附剂。Co/G纳米复合物电极经过50次循环后，库伦效率超过97%，说明它具有高的充放电可逆性。Co/G纳米复合物作为CR的吸附剂，移除能力达934.9mg·g~(-1)。
七、研究一步法合成水溶性的Fe_3O_4/石墨烯纳米复合物，此方法是利用氧化石墨烯还原生成石墨烯，Fe_3O_4纳米粒子均匀的嵌在石墨烯片上。Fe_3O_4/石墨烯纳米复合物用作磁共振T2造影剂，显示出高效的增强效果。
Magnetic nanoparticles are of great interest for researchers from a widerange of disciplines, including magnetic fluids, catalysis,biotechnology/biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, data storage, andenvironmental remediation. A number of literatures have been reported on thethe synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magneticnanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems.However, these nano-sized materials are easy to gather together due to theirsmall size, and they are unstable because of the active surface, and they havewide size distributions. Hence it is necessary to obtain magnetic nanoparticleswith smaller and narrower size distribution than the ones manipulated withexternal magnetic fields and with dispersion stability. Another potential application of these nanoparticles is their use as tertiary treatment of residualwaters acting as powerful reducer agents of organic and inorganic material,with the advantage that it could be possible to recycle and separate themagnetite particles by an external magnetic field. In this paper, synthesis andapplication of ferromagnetic metal, ferrite and their composites the conditionsof synthesis of magneitc nanomaterials are studied.The main results obtainedin the thesis are divided into seven parts as following:
Firstly, we compare the adsorption capacity of different MFe_2O_4(M=Mn,Fe, Co, Ni) ferrite nanocrystals synthesized a by hydrothermal method forCongo red (CR). It is the first time to give a comprehensive comparison andanalysis of the adsorption capacity of ferrite nanocrystals with spinel structurefor CR. Research indicates that the cations distribution of MFe_2O_4ferrites isthe most important factor to decide their adsorption capacity. Electrostaticabsorption was conceived as the main adsorption mechanism. Meanwhile, the MFe_2O_4nanoparticles exhibited a clearly ferromagnetic behavior under appliedmagnetic field, which allowed their high-efficient magnetic separation fromwastewater. Furthermore, acetone is an effective desorption agent fordesorption of MFe_2O_4nanoparticles loaded by CR. All of the spinel ferritenanocrystals possess good soft-magnetism, especially, CoFe_2O_4nanocrystalsexhibit a higher saturation magnetization of86.1emu·g~(-1)as well as theoutstanding adsorption capacity for CR. By the calculation of Langmuirisotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CoFe_2O_4for CR is244.5mg·g~(-1).
Secondly, this investigation was to increase the adsorption capacity ofmagnetite for CR by adulterating a small quantity of La~(3+)ions into it. Theadsorption capability of nanocrystalline Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4(x=0,0.01,0.05,0.10)ferrite to remove CR from aqueous solution was evaluated carefully.Compared with undoped magnetite, the adsorption values were increased from 37.4to79.1mg·g~(-1). The experimental results prove that it is effectual toincrease the adsorption capacity of magnetite by doped La~(3+)ions. Among theLa~(3+)-doped magnetite, Fe2.95La0.05O4nanoparticles exhibit the highestsaturation magnetization and the maximum adsorption capability. Thedesorption ability of La~(3+)-doped magnetite nanoparticles loaded by CR canreach92%after the treatment of acetone. Furthermore, the Fe_(3-x)La_xO_4nanoparticles exhibited a clearly ferromagnetic behavior under appliedmagnetic field, which allowed their high-efficient magnetic separation fromwastewater. It is found that high magnetism facilitates to improve theiradsorption capacity for the similar products.
Thirdly, a facile low-temperature hydrothermal process to synthesizeα-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite is reported. TEM and HRTEM revealed that theα-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite was composed of catenulate α-Fe and lamellarstructured Fe_3O_4. The weight ratio of α-Fe in the α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite is 35.6%. The α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite demonstrates an extremely high Congored (CR) removal efficiency from the wastewater almost complete removalwithin3minutes. For100mg·L1of CR aqueous solution, the maximum of CRremoval can reach1297.06mg·g~(-1). The large saturation magnetization (80.5emu·g~(-1)) of the nanocomposite allows fast separation of α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanopartilces loaded with CR from the liquid suspension. The synergisticeffect of the nanocomposite may contribute to the enhanced CR removal ability,because the CR can be removed by reduction reaction and adsorption at thesame time. Based on the degradation products identified by UV–Vis spectra,XRD and FTIR spectra, a possible degradation mechanism of CR on theα-Fe/Fe_3O_4composite was proposed. The significantly reduced treatment timerequired to remove the CR and the simple, low-cost and pollution-freepreparation method make α-Fe/Fe_3O_4nanocomposite promising for the highly
Fourthly，cobalt crystals with hcp and fcc mixture structure and hcpstructure were prepared by a solvothermal process based on the dosages ofN2H4·H2O, in the meantime effect of crystal structure on their magneticproperties and Congo red (CR) removal abilities were evaluated. To our bestknowledge, it is the first time to report the CR removal by micron andsub-micron sizes of Co crystals, and the best CR removal ability can reach694.4mg·g~(-1). For the hcp and fcc mixture structure of Co crystal, the degree ofmixing can be clearly observed from the HRTEM images. Furthermore, thesaturation magnetization (Ms) of Co crystal is increased with the increase ofhcp phase, while its coercivity (Hc) is decreased with the increase of hcp phase.The Co crystal with the most mixture structure has the highest CR removalability. And the micron and sub-micron sizes of Co crystals will be good formagnetic separation after CR removal.
Fifth, we synthesized water-soluble Fe_3O_4nanoparticles (NPs) with sufficiently high solubility (28mg·mL1) and stability (at least one month)through hydrothermal approach, also found that they exhibited excellentremoval ability for heavy-metal ions from waste water. It is noteworthy thatthe adsorption ability of the water-soluble Fe_3O_4NPs to Pb2+and Cr6+isstronger than water-insoluble Fe_3O_4NPs. Furthermore, the water-soluble Fe_3O_4NPs exhibited relatively high saturation magnetization (83.4emu·g~(-1)), whichallowed their high-efficient magnetic separation from wastewater. The mostimportant thing is that the water-soluble magnetite as an adsorbent can directlydissolve in water without the help of mechanical stir or any extraneous forces,which may solve a key problem for practical application of magnetic powdersin the field of sewage purification. Moreover, the water-soluble Fe_3O_4NPsshow high-efficient adsorption capacity for10ppm of Pb2+ions solution whichcan reach90%within2minutes.
Sixth, we report a facile approach to prepare cobalt hybrid/graphene(Co/G) nanocomposite via a general one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. NaBH4isused as the reducing agent. Co/G nanocomposite possesses narrowsize-distribution and good dispersion, enabling their tremendous potential forenergy and environment applications. As a proof of concept, we demonstratethe use of Co/G nanocomposite in a lithium-ion battery and an adsorbent forCongo red (CR), respectively. More importantly, more than97%of capacityretention (605mAh·g~(-1)) is retained after50cycles, indicative of highcharge/discharge reversibility of the Co/G nanocomposite electrode. And theCR removal ability of Co/G nanocomposite can reach934.9mg·g~(-1).
Lastly, we report a facile approach to synthesize water-dispersiblenanocomposite with Fe_3O_4nanoparticles attached to graphene, which combinesthe growth of Fe_3O_4nanoparticles and the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in one single step. The Fe_3O_4/G nanocomposite showed high T2relaxivityindicating its potential as an ultrasensitive T2contrast agent.
引文
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