原位制备MoSi2基复合材料及其性能研究
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摘要
二硅化钼及其复合材料,以其高熔点、优异的高温抗氧化性、高温具有塑性变形能力、与多种增强相化学相容等优点,具有巨大的应用潜力,成为材料研究热点之一。本文采用原位无压烧结和微波烧结工艺成功制备了MoSi_2及其复合材料,借助于压痕法测定了其室温力学性能,运用扫描电子显微镜、微探针、X射线衍射仪等分析手段观察分析其微观形貌及相组成。同时利用XP-5型摩擦磨损试验机考查了原位烧结的SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并讨论了其磨损机理,得出了如下结论:
1.原位无压烧结的复合材料的力学性能比纯MoSi_2试样有较大程度的提高,而SiC/MoSi_2复合材料以10%SiC/MoSi_2试样的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别达到了274.5MPa和5.5MPa·m1/2,比通过热压烧结的高致密纯MoSi_2分别提高了40.7%和30.7%。WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料以含20%WSi_2/MoSi_2试样的综合力学性能最好,其抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性分别为301.6MPa、10.26GPa和7.87MPa·m~(1/2),比通过热压烧结的高致密纯MoSi_2分别提高了54.7%、16.1%和86.9%。SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料的整体性能并不理想,其硬度和断裂韧性分别为7.997GPa和6.534MPa·m~(1/2)。复合材料的强化机制依次为细晶强化、弥散强化、第二相颗粒强化和固溶强化等,韧化机制依次为细晶增韧、裂纹偏转和第二相颗粒增韧等。
2.微波烧结实验结果显示复合材料在1400oC温度下烧结时的综合性能达到最佳,其中SiC10%的SiCp/MoSi_2复合材料经1400oC微波烧结后抗弯强度、硬度和韧性分别为270.6MPa、8.36GPa和8.96MPa·m1/2;而SiCp-WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料MSWC3在1400oC下,其抗弯强度、硬度和韧性分别为200MPa、8.916GPa和9.269MPa·m1/2。与其他方法压制的MoSi_2基材料的性能进行比较,微波烧结合成的MoSi_2基复合材料的性能得到了明显的改善和提高;通过细晶强化,第二相弥散强化,固溶强化,裂纹偏转等机制达到了利用SiC和WSi_2增韧补强MoSi_2基复合材料的目的。
3. SiCp-WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料具有较好的耐磨性。转速一定时,随载荷的增大,摩擦系数减小,磨损率增大,MoSi_2基复合材料的主要磨损机制为氧化、粘着磨损。载荷一定时,转速对复合材料摩擦系数与磨损率有一定的影响,摩擦系数与磨损率先增大后降低,而后维持一定水平;随着转速的增大复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为疲劳磨损和粘着磨损。
Due to the higher melting point, outstanding high-temperature oxidation resistance, stable electrical resistance, plastic deformation at high temperature and good compatibility with many reinforcements, the MoSi_2 and MoSi_2 based composites have great potential in application and have been given increasingly interest in recent years. The MoSi_2 and MoSi_2 matrix composites had been successfully prepared by in-situ pressureless reaction sintering and microwave reactive sintering in this paper. Then the mechanical properties at room-temperature were determined by Vickers indentation. The microstructure, surface micrograph and phase composition were investigated by means of SEM, microprobe, XRD. The frictional and wear properties of SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 matrix composite which was sintered by in situ was further examined by using XP-5 type friction and wear tester, and the wear mechanism was discussed. The results are shown as follows:
1. SiC/MoSi_2、WSi_2/MoSi_2 and SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composites with different volume fraction were successfully prepared by in-situ pressureless reaction sintering. The mechanical properties of composites have a greater increase than that of pure MoSi_2 specimens, When the volume fraction of SiC increases to 10%, the bending strength and fracture toughness of SiC/MoSi_2 composite reach the highest value of 274·5MPa and 5.5MPa·m1/2 ,respectively, which are approximately 40.7% and 30.7% higher than MoSi_2 matrix which sintered by hot-pressing. When the volume fraction of WSi_2 increases to 20%, the flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of WSi_2/MoSi_2 composite reach the highest value of 301.6MPa、10.26GPa and 7.87MPa·m1/2, which increased about 54.7%,16.1% and 86.9% as compared to MoSi_2 matrix which sintered by hot-pressing.
The mechanical properties of SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composites material are not as good as expected, its hardness and fracture toughness reach to 7.997GPa and 6.534MPa·m1/2. The strengthen mechanism of the composites were fine-grain strengthening, dispersion strengthening, the second-phase particles and solid solution strengthening. The sequence of the contribution to toughening is as follows: fine-grain toughening, crack deflection and the second-phase particles.
2. The results showed that the composite materials can achieve the best mechanical properties at 1400oC , the bending strength, hardness and toughness of 10% SiC-containing SiCp/MoSi_2 composite materials are 270.6MPa, 8.36GPa and 8.96MPa·m~(1/2) which sintered by microwave at 1400oC. The bending strength, hardness and toughness of SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composites (MSWC3) were 200MPa, 8.916GPa and 9.269MPa·m~(1/2). Compared with the MoSi_2 matrix materials synthesized by other methods, the mechanical properties of MoSi_2 matrix materials synthesized by microwave sintering had a marked improvement and increase. MoSi_2 matrix had been successfully reinforced by SiC and WSi_2, through fine-grain strengthening, the second-phase dispersion strengthening, solid solution strengthening and crack deflecting.
3. SiCp-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composite material had good abrasion resistance. When the rotational speed is constant, the friction coefficient droped gradually and the wear rate tended to increase with the increase of load. The main wear mechanism of MoSi_2 matrix composites were oxidation and adhesive. When the load is constant, the rotational speed has a certain influence on the friction coefficient and wear rate of composite materials, the friction coefficient and wear rate increase at first and then reduced, at last them maintain a certain level; as the speed increases, wear mechanism of composite materials are mainly fatigue wear and adhesive wear.
1.原位无压烧结的复合材料的力学性能比纯MoSi_2试样有较大程度的提高,而SiC/MoSi_2复合材料以10%SiC/MoSi_2试样的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别达到了274.5MPa和5.5MPa·m1/2,比通过热压烧结的高致密纯MoSi_2分别提高了40.7%和30.7%。WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料以含20%WSi_2/MoSi_2试样的综合力学性能最好,其抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性分别为301.6MPa、10.26GPa和7.87MPa·m~(1/2),比通过热压烧结的高致密纯MoSi_2分别提高了54.7%、16.1%和86.9%。SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料的整体性能并不理想,其硬度和断裂韧性分别为7.997GPa和6.534MPa·m~(1/2)。复合材料的强化机制依次为细晶强化、弥散强化、第二相颗粒强化和固溶强化等,韧化机制依次为细晶增韧、裂纹偏转和第二相颗粒增韧等。
2.微波烧结实验结果显示复合材料在1400oC温度下烧结时的综合性能达到最佳,其中SiC10%的SiCp/MoSi_2复合材料经1400oC微波烧结后抗弯强度、硬度和韧性分别为270.6MPa、8.36GPa和8.96MPa·m1/2;而SiCp-WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料MSWC3在1400oC下,其抗弯强度、硬度和韧性分别为200MPa、8.916GPa和9.269MPa·m1/2。与其他方法压制的MoSi_2基材料的性能进行比较,微波烧结合成的MoSi_2基复合材料的性能得到了明显的改善和提高;通过细晶强化,第二相弥散强化,固溶强化,裂纹偏转等机制达到了利用SiC和WSi_2增韧补强MoSi_2基复合材料的目的。
3. SiCp-WSi_2/MoSi_2复合材料具有较好的耐磨性。转速一定时,随载荷的增大,摩擦系数减小,磨损率增大,MoSi_2基复合材料的主要磨损机制为氧化、粘着磨损。载荷一定时,转速对复合材料摩擦系数与磨损率有一定的影响,摩擦系数与磨损率先增大后降低,而后维持一定水平;随着转速的增大复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为疲劳磨损和粘着磨损。
Due to the higher melting point, outstanding high-temperature oxidation resistance, stable electrical resistance, plastic deformation at high temperature and good compatibility with many reinforcements, the MoSi_2 and MoSi_2 based composites have great potential in application and have been given increasingly interest in recent years. The MoSi_2 and MoSi_2 matrix composites had been successfully prepared by in-situ pressureless reaction sintering and microwave reactive sintering in this paper. Then the mechanical properties at room-temperature were determined by Vickers indentation. The microstructure, surface micrograph and phase composition were investigated by means of SEM, microprobe, XRD. The frictional and wear properties of SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 matrix composite which was sintered by in situ was further examined by using XP-5 type friction and wear tester, and the wear mechanism was discussed. The results are shown as follows:
1. SiC/MoSi_2、WSi_2/MoSi_2 and SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composites with different volume fraction were successfully prepared by in-situ pressureless reaction sintering. The mechanical properties of composites have a greater increase than that of pure MoSi_2 specimens, When the volume fraction of SiC increases to 10%, the bending strength and fracture toughness of SiC/MoSi_2 composite reach the highest value of 274·5MPa and 5.5MPa·m1/2 ,respectively, which are approximately 40.7% and 30.7% higher than MoSi_2 matrix which sintered by hot-pressing. When the volume fraction of WSi_2 increases to 20%, the flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of WSi_2/MoSi_2 composite reach the highest value of 301.6MPa、10.26GPa and 7.87MPa·m1/2, which increased about 54.7%,16.1% and 86.9% as compared to MoSi_2 matrix which sintered by hot-pressing.
The mechanical properties of SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composites material are not as good as expected, its hardness and fracture toughness reach to 7.997GPa and 6.534MPa·m1/2. The strengthen mechanism of the composites were fine-grain strengthening, dispersion strengthening, the second-phase particles and solid solution strengthening. The sequence of the contribution to toughening is as follows: fine-grain toughening, crack deflection and the second-phase particles.
2. The results showed that the composite materials can achieve the best mechanical properties at 1400oC , the bending strength, hardness and toughness of 10% SiC-containing SiCp/MoSi_2 composite materials are 270.6MPa, 8.36GPa and 8.96MPa·m~(1/2) which sintered by microwave at 1400oC. The bending strength, hardness and toughness of SiC-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composites (MSWC3) were 200MPa, 8.916GPa and 9.269MPa·m~(1/2). Compared with the MoSi_2 matrix materials synthesized by other methods, the mechanical properties of MoSi_2 matrix materials synthesized by microwave sintering had a marked improvement and increase. MoSi_2 matrix had been successfully reinforced by SiC and WSi_2, through fine-grain strengthening, the second-phase dispersion strengthening, solid solution strengthening and crack deflecting.
3. SiCp-WSi_2/MoSi_2 composite material had good abrasion resistance. When the rotational speed is constant, the friction coefficient droped gradually and the wear rate tended to increase with the increase of load. The main wear mechanism of MoSi_2 matrix composites were oxidation and adhesive. When the load is constant, the rotational speed has a certain influence on the friction coefficient and wear rate of composite materials, the friction coefficient and wear rate increase at first and then reduced, at last them maintain a certain level; as the speed increases, wear mechanism of composite materials are mainly fatigue wear and adhesive wear.
引文
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