日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平对丝毛乌骨鸡生产性能和黑色素相关基因表达的影响
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摘要
丝毛乌骨鸡黑色素合成受多基因控制。酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸作为为黑色素前体氨基酸基因,对黑色素的沉积有一定影响。为探索黑色素在不同组织的沉积规律以及分子调控机制本实验将270只丝毛乌骨鸡随机分4个处理组,每个处理组组设4个重复,每个重复16只鸡(公母各半),日粮在对照组基础上将3个处理组添加酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸0.17%和0.2%、0.34%和0.4%、0.51%和0.6%。通过观察和测定丝毛乌骨鸡生长阶段生产性能、生化指标,模拟了丝毛乌骨鸡的生长曲线;通过比色卡,肉眼观察和记录各生长阶段的不同组织器官的外表黑色程度,从外观上探讨黑色素沉积分布;运用荧光定量PCR技术检测黑色素因合成相关的三个主效基因酪氨酸酶基因(TYR)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(TYRPI)和黑素皮质素受体1(MC1R)在不同周龄、组织中的表达差异,探讨黑色素基因表达机理。研究结果如下:
1、对丝毛乌骨鸡生产性能测定,结果表明:日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响2、6、12、14周龄的体重, 2、6、14周龄均为处理组相对较高,对照组Ⅰ相对较低,12周龄为处理组相对较高,对照组Ⅲ相对较低,16周龄末对照组体重略高于其它处理组,处理组Ⅰ相对较低;日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响0‐2、5‐6、11‐16周龄的平均日增重,在0‐2周龄对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅰ相对较低,在5‐6、11‐12对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅲ相对较低,在13‐14周龄处理组Ⅲ相对较高,处理组Ⅱ相对较低,在15‐16周龄处理组Ⅱ相对较高,对照组相对较低,0‐16周龄整个生长阶段对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅰ相对较低,各组均在12周龄左右平均日增重达到高峰。日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响0‐2、3‐4、11‐12、15‐16周龄的平均采食量,在0‐4周龄对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅰ相对较低,11‐12周龄处理组Ⅰ相对较高,处理组Ⅱ相对较低,15‐16周龄处理组Ⅰ相对较高,对照组Ⅲ相对较低,各组均在12周龄左右平均采食量达到高峰;日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响3‐8、11‐16周龄的料重比, 0‐16周龄整个生长阶段的料重比处理组Ⅰ相对较大,处理组Ⅱ相对较小。
2、运用logistic、Gompertz、von Bertalanffy 3种模型对纯系的丝毛乌骨鸡进行了生长曲线拟合和分析,结果表明:logistic模型能更好的模拟丝毛乌骨鸡的生长发育规律。
3、对丝毛乌骨鸡血清生化指标测定,结果表明:日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平对丝毛乌骨鸡血清生化指标中葡萄糖影响显著,其它各项生化指标影响均不显著。不同周龄对丝毛乌骨鸡血清生化指标的影响均极显著。
4、通过丝毛乌骨鸡外表黑色程度进行观察,结果表明:日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平对丝毛乌骨鸡胸肌、舌,气管、食管和睾丸等组织黑色度分布影响显著;不同周龄对丝毛乌骨鸡大部分组织的黑色度分布的影响均显著;性别对丝毛乌骨鸡冠、气管、骨髓、龙骨与腺胃等组织黑色度分布的影响均显著。
5、对TYR、TYRPI、MC1R在丝毛乌骨鸡中的表达研究,实验结果表明,MC1R、TYR和TYRP1基因肝脏、心脏、皮肤中的表达,4周龄时最高, 8、16周龄时表达相对较低;在肌肉中各基因的表达8周相对较高,0日龄和16周龄相对较低,TYRP1基因在16周龄时表达相对较低;在骨髓中各基因基因的表达8、12周龄时相对较高,0日龄和16周龄时相对较低。
日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平的丝毛乌骨鸡组织中各基因的表达,结果表明,日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平的丝毛乌骨鸡组织中各基因的表达处理组Ⅰ中各基因组织的表达骨髓表达相对较高,MC1R、TYR基因肌肉表达相对较低,TYRP1基因皮肤表达相对较低;处理组Ⅱ中各基因组织的表达,骨髓和心脏表达相对较高,皮肤表达相对较低;处理组Ⅲ中各基因肝脏表达相对较高,皮肤、肌肉相对较低。
各基因在丝毛乌骨鸡各组织中的表达TYRP1基因相对较高,TYR、MC1R基因相对较低。
The results of the TYR,TYRPI, MC1R gene expression in different ages showed that, all the three genes were higher expression in liver, heart and skin at four weeks and lower at the age of eight and sixteen week. In the musule, the three genes were higher expression at the age of eight week and lower at the age of zero and sixteen week and the TYRP1 was lower expression at the age of sixteen week. In the bone marrow, the three genes were higher at the age of eight and twelve week and lower at the age of zero and sixteen week.
1,The results showed that the level of tyrosine and phenylalan in diet was significantly affected 2,6,12,14 weeks of weight.2,6,14 weeks old were treated relatively high, while control groupⅠis relatively low;12 weeks for the treatment group is relatively high, while control groupⅢis relatively low. On the end of 16 weeks ,the control group body weight was slightly higher than other treatments, while treatmentⅠis the relatively low; diet tyrosine and phenylalanine affected significantly average daily gain 0-2,5-6,11-16 week. In 0-2 week the control group was relatively high,while the treatment groupⅠw as low ;in 5-6,11-12 week control group was higher than other group, treatment groupⅢwas relatively slightly lower; in 13 -14 weeks treatment groupⅢwas relatively high, while treated groupⅢwas low; In 15-16 weeks the treatment groupⅢwas relatively high, while the control group is relatively low;during the whole growth stage,the control group was relatively high, while the treatmentⅠwas relatively low; each group at 12 weeks of age peaked around the average daily gain. Dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine affected significantly the average intake in 0-2, 3-4, 11-12, 15-16 weeks of age; in the control group 0-4 weeks of age was relatively high, while treatmentⅠwas relatively low; In 11-12 week treatmentⅠwas relatively high, while treatment groupⅢwas relatively low; In 15-16 weeks treatmentⅠ,Ⅲwas relatively high, while control group was relatively low.All groups of the average feed intake reached a peak in 12 weeks old; dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine affected significantly feed conversion ratio in 3-8,11-16 weeks, and 0-16 weeks of the whole growth stage treatment groupⅠwas relatively large , while treatment groupⅢwas relatively small.
2, The results showed that growth curve was fitted and analized using Logistic, Gompertz and Von bertalanffy and Logistic is better in providing reference to understand the growth develop law of pure silky flows.
3, Serum biochemical indicators of silky fowl show that dietary tyrosine, phenylalanine levels significantly affected on serum glucose in silk hair chicken,and not on others serum biochemical indicators.The influence of different weeks of silky fowl to serum biochemical indicators is extremely significant .
4, The level of silky fowl black appearance show that the dietatr tyrosine and phenylalanine level have effects on the black appearance of chest, muscle and tongues in silky fowl. The influence of different weeks of silky fowl to the black appearance of trachea and esophagus and testicular organizations is significant . The influence of gender to the black appearance of bone marrow, keel and glandular stomach organizations is significant .
5, The results of three gene expression influenced by different levels of the tyrosine and phenylalanine added in the dirtary showed that, all the three genes were higher expression in bone marrow in treatment groupⅠ, MC1R and TYR were lower expression in musule, TYRP1 expressed lower in skin; in treatment groupⅡ, all the three gene were higher expression in heart and bone marrow and lower in skin; in treatment groupⅢ, all the three genes were higher expression in liver and lower in skin and musule. In different tissue, TYRP1 was higher expression in liver, MC1R was lower expression in liver and TYR was lower in different tissues.
1、对丝毛乌骨鸡生产性能测定,结果表明:日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响2、6、12、14周龄的体重, 2、6、14周龄均为处理组相对较高,对照组Ⅰ相对较低,12周龄为处理组相对较高,对照组Ⅲ相对较低,16周龄末对照组体重略高于其它处理组,处理组Ⅰ相对较低;日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响0‐2、5‐6、11‐16周龄的平均日增重,在0‐2周龄对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅰ相对较低,在5‐6、11‐12对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅲ相对较低,在13‐14周龄处理组Ⅲ相对较高,处理组Ⅱ相对较低,在15‐16周龄处理组Ⅱ相对较高,对照组相对较低,0‐16周龄整个生长阶段对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅰ相对较低,各组均在12周龄左右平均日增重达到高峰。日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响0‐2、3‐4、11‐12、15‐16周龄的平均采食量,在0‐4周龄对照组相对较高,处理组Ⅰ相对较低,11‐12周龄处理组Ⅰ相对较高,处理组Ⅱ相对较低,15‐16周龄处理组Ⅰ相对较高,对照组Ⅲ相对较低,各组均在12周龄左右平均采食量达到高峰;日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平显著影响3‐8、11‐16周龄的料重比, 0‐16周龄整个生长阶段的料重比处理组Ⅰ相对较大,处理组Ⅱ相对较小。
2、运用logistic、Gompertz、von Bertalanffy 3种模型对纯系的丝毛乌骨鸡进行了生长曲线拟合和分析,结果表明:logistic模型能更好的模拟丝毛乌骨鸡的生长发育规律。
3、对丝毛乌骨鸡血清生化指标测定,结果表明:日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平对丝毛乌骨鸡血清生化指标中葡萄糖影响显著,其它各项生化指标影响均不显著。不同周龄对丝毛乌骨鸡血清生化指标的影响均极显著。
4、通过丝毛乌骨鸡外表黑色程度进行观察,结果表明:日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平对丝毛乌骨鸡胸肌、舌,气管、食管和睾丸等组织黑色度分布影响显著;不同周龄对丝毛乌骨鸡大部分组织的黑色度分布的影响均显著;性别对丝毛乌骨鸡冠、气管、骨髓、龙骨与腺胃等组织黑色度分布的影响均显著。
5、对TYR、TYRPI、MC1R在丝毛乌骨鸡中的表达研究,实验结果表明,MC1R、TYR和TYRP1基因肝脏、心脏、皮肤中的表达,4周龄时最高, 8、16周龄时表达相对较低;在肌肉中各基因的表达8周相对较高,0日龄和16周龄相对较低,TYRP1基因在16周龄时表达相对较低;在骨髓中各基因基因的表达8、12周龄时相对较高,0日龄和16周龄时相对较低。
日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平的丝毛乌骨鸡组织中各基因的表达,结果表明,日粮酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸水平的丝毛乌骨鸡组织中各基因的表达处理组Ⅰ中各基因组织的表达骨髓表达相对较高,MC1R、TYR基因肌肉表达相对较低,TYRP1基因皮肤表达相对较低;处理组Ⅱ中各基因组织的表达,骨髓和心脏表达相对较高,皮肤表达相对较低;处理组Ⅲ中各基因肝脏表达相对较高,皮肤、肌肉相对较低。
各基因在丝毛乌骨鸡各组织中的表达TYRP1基因相对较高,TYR、MC1R基因相对较低。
The results of the TYR,TYRPI, MC1R gene expression in different ages showed that, all the three genes were higher expression in liver, heart and skin at four weeks and lower at the age of eight and sixteen week. In the musule, the three genes were higher expression at the age of eight week and lower at the age of zero and sixteen week and the TYRP1 was lower expression at the age of sixteen week. In the bone marrow, the three genes were higher at the age of eight and twelve week and lower at the age of zero and sixteen week.
1,The results showed that the level of tyrosine and phenylalan in diet was significantly affected 2,6,12,14 weeks of weight.2,6,14 weeks old were treated relatively high, while control groupⅠis relatively low;12 weeks for the treatment group is relatively high, while control groupⅢis relatively low. On the end of 16 weeks ,the control group body weight was slightly higher than other treatments, while treatmentⅠis the relatively low; diet tyrosine and phenylalanine affected significantly average daily gain 0-2,5-6,11-16 week. In 0-2 week the control group was relatively high,while the treatment groupⅠw as low ;in 5-6,11-12 week control group was higher than other group, treatment groupⅢwas relatively slightly lower; in 13 -14 weeks treatment groupⅢwas relatively high, while treated groupⅢwas low; In 15-16 weeks the treatment groupⅢwas relatively high, while the control group is relatively low;during the whole growth stage,the control group was relatively high, while the treatmentⅠwas relatively low; each group at 12 weeks of age peaked around the average daily gain. Dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine affected significantly the average intake in 0-2, 3-4, 11-12, 15-16 weeks of age; in the control group 0-4 weeks of age was relatively high, while treatmentⅠwas relatively low; In 11-12 week treatmentⅠwas relatively high, while treatment groupⅢwas relatively low; In 15-16 weeks treatmentⅠ,Ⅲwas relatively high, while control group was relatively low.All groups of the average feed intake reached a peak in 12 weeks old; dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine affected significantly feed conversion ratio in 3-8,11-16 weeks, and 0-16 weeks of the whole growth stage treatment groupⅠwas relatively large , while treatment groupⅢwas relatively small.
2, The results showed that growth curve was fitted and analized using Logistic, Gompertz and Von bertalanffy and Logistic is better in providing reference to understand the growth develop law of pure silky flows.
3, Serum biochemical indicators of silky fowl show that dietary tyrosine, phenylalanine levels significantly affected on serum glucose in silk hair chicken,and not on others serum biochemical indicators.The influence of different weeks of silky fowl to serum biochemical indicators is extremely significant .
4, The level of silky fowl black appearance show that the dietatr tyrosine and phenylalanine level have effects on the black appearance of chest, muscle and tongues in silky fowl. The influence of different weeks of silky fowl to the black appearance of trachea and esophagus and testicular organizations is significant . The influence of gender to the black appearance of bone marrow, keel and glandular stomach organizations is significant .
5, The results of three gene expression influenced by different levels of the tyrosine and phenylalanine added in the dirtary showed that, all the three genes were higher expression in bone marrow in treatment groupⅠ, MC1R and TYR were lower expression in musule, TYRP1 expressed lower in skin; in treatment groupⅡ, all the three gene were higher expression in heart and bone marrow and lower in skin; in treatment groupⅢ, all the three genes were higher expression in liver and lower in skin and musule. In different tissue, TYRP1 was higher expression in liver, MC1R was lower expression in liver and TYR was lower in different tissues.
引文
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