不同氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪生产成绩、血液指标及乳汁氨基酸浓度的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究理想氨基酸模型下,不同氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪生产成绩、血液指标及乳汁中氨基酸浓度的影响。选用200头体况、分娩时间相近的长白×约克夏杂交母猪,随机分成4组,每组50个重复,每个重复1头母猪,分别饲喂总赖氨酸水平为0.9%(0.9%组)、1.0%(1.0%组)、1.1%(1.1%组)和1.2%(1.2%组)的饲粮,并通过添加合成氨基酸保证4组饲粮中可消化赖氨酸：缬氨酸：苏氨酸：含硫氨基酸：色氨酸的比例(100：85：66：60：19)一致。
试验结果如下：
1、饲粮氨基酸水平显著影响泌乳母猪背膘厚损失和仔猪生产性能。1.0%组背膘厚损失比1.2%组多0.57 mm(P<0.05)-,达到显著水平；1.0%组断奶窝增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了4.48%和4.34%(P<0.01),仔猪日增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了5.45%和4.74%(P<0.01)；1.1%组断奶窝增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了4.25%和4.12%(P<0.05),仔猪日增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了4.73%和4.03%(P<0.05)。饲粮氨基酸水平对母猪断奶发情间隔时间无显著影响(P>0.05)。
2、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪血浆尿素氮和3-甲基组氨酸浓度有影响。1.0%组泌乳期第10天血浆尿素氮浓度显著低于0.9%组、1.1%组和1.2%组(P<0.05),1.0%组和1.1%组泌乳期第17天血浆尿素氮浓度均显著低于0.9%组和1.2%组(P<0.05)。1.0%组泌乳期第17天血浆3-甲基组氨酸浓度显著低于1.2%组(P<0.05)。
3、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪血浆肌酸酐浓度有影响。1.0%组泌乳期第10天血浆肌酸酐浓度显著低于1.1%组(P<0.05)；1.0%组、1.1%组和1.2%组泌乳期第17天血浆肌酸酐浓度均显著低于0.9%组(P<0.05)。
4、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳期第10天和第17天的血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
5、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪血浆氨基酸浓度有影响。1.0%组泌乳期第10天血浆赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、瓜氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸(P<0.01)和亮氨酸(P<0.05)浓度显著低于1.2%组；1.0%组泌乳期第17天血浆赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和瓜氨酸(P<0.01)和苯丙氨酸(P<0.05)浓度显著低于1.2%组。
6、饲粮对乳汁氨基酸浓度有影响。1.0%组乳汁赖氨酸浓度极显著低于1.2%组(P<0.01)；1.0%组乳中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸(P<0.01)和蛋氨酸(P<0.05)浓度显著高于1.2%组。
由以上结果可得出以下结论：
采用可消化赖氨酸：缬氨酸：苏氨酸：含硫氨基酸：色氨酸比例为100：85：66：60：19的氨基酸模型,当泌乳母猪全期平均采食量为5.9 kg／d,饲粮赖氨酸摄入量为59 g／d(1.0%组)时,母猪体内氨基酸的利用率最高,生产成绩最佳。
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of four dietary amino acid levels on the reproductive performance, blood indicators and amino acid concentrations of milk in lactating sows.200 Large White×Landrace sows, with similar parity, body condition and presumed parturition date, were allocated to four diets with 50 replicates of one sow in each group. Four diets were formulated by 0.9% (0.9% group),1.0%2(1:0% group),1.1%(1.1% group) and 1.2%(1.2% group) of dietary lysine levels, and crystalline valine, threonine, methionine and Trpptophan were supplemented into diets to ensure the same digestible amino acid pattern for all the four diets. The results were as follows:
1. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the backfat laoss and the performances of litter. Backfat loss in 1.0% group was 0.57 mm lower than 1.2% group (P< 0.05).1.0% group resulted in 4.48% and 4.34%(P<0.01) greater litter weaning weight than0.9% group and 1.2% group.1.0% group improved average daily weight gain by 5.45% and 4.74%compared with 0.9% group andl.2% group (P<0.01).1.1% group resulted in 4.25% and 4.12% (P<0.01) greater litter weaning weight than 0.9% group and 1.2% group.1.1% group improved average daily weight gain by 4.73% and 4.03% compared with 0.9% group and 1.2% group (P<0.01). Dietary amino acid levels had no significant effects on interval from weanling to estrus (P>0.05).
2. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the plasma urea nitrogen and 3-Methylhistidine concentration. The concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen of sows on the 10th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05); The concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen of sows on the 17th day of lactation in 1.0% group and 1.1% group were lower than that in 1.2% group (P<0.05). The concentrations of plasma 3-Methylhistidine of sows on the 17th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than 1.2% group (P<0.05).
3. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the plasma creatinine concentrations. The concentrations of plasma creatinine of sows on the 10th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than that in 1.1%group (P<0.05); The concentrations of plasma creatinine of sows on the 17th day of lactation in1.0% group,1.1% group andl.2% group were significantly lower than that in0.9% group (P<0.05).
4. Dietary amino acid levels had no significant effects on the cincentrations of plasma Triglyceride and cholesterol of sows on 10th and 17th day of lactation (P>0.05).
5. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the plasma amino acid concentrations. The concentrations of plasma lysine, threonine, valine,methionine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine (P<0.01)and leucine (P<0.05) of sows on the 10th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than that in 1.2% group. The concentrations of plasma lysine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamic acid and leucine (P<0.01)and phenylalanine(P<0.05) of sows on the 17th day of lactation inl.0% group were significantly lower than that in 1.2% group.
6. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the amino acid concentrations in milk. Lysine concentration in milk was higher as the dietary amino acid level (P<0.01), valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine (P<0.01) and methionine (P<0.05)concentrations in milk in 1.0% group were lower than that in 1.2% group.
We can draw conclusions from above results that:
Based on an ideal dietary amino acid pattern(Dlys:Val:Thr:Met+Cys:Trp= 100: 85:66:60:19),with daily feed intaking 5.9kg/d and intaking total lysine 59 g/d, the lactational sows could maxlmum the amino acid utilization and had the best productive performance.
试验结果如下：
1、饲粮氨基酸水平显著影响泌乳母猪背膘厚损失和仔猪生产性能。1.0%组背膘厚损失比1.2%组多0.57 mm(P<0.05)-,达到显著水平；1.0%组断奶窝增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了4.48%和4.34%(P<0.01),仔猪日增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了5.45%和4.74%(P<0.01)；1.1%组断奶窝增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了4.25%和4.12%(P<0.05),仔猪日增重分别比0.9%组和1.2%组提高了4.73%和4.03%(P<0.05)。饲粮氨基酸水平对母猪断奶发情间隔时间无显著影响(P>0.05)。
2、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪血浆尿素氮和3-甲基组氨酸浓度有影响。1.0%组泌乳期第10天血浆尿素氮浓度显著低于0.9%组、1.1%组和1.2%组(P<0.05),1.0%组和1.1%组泌乳期第17天血浆尿素氮浓度均显著低于0.9%组和1.2%组(P<0.05)。1.0%组泌乳期第17天血浆3-甲基组氨酸浓度显著低于1.2%组(P<0.05)。
3、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪血浆肌酸酐浓度有影响。1.0%组泌乳期第10天血浆肌酸酐浓度显著低于1.1%组(P<0.05)；1.0%组、1.1%组和1.2%组泌乳期第17天血浆肌酸酐浓度均显著低于0.9%组(P<0.05)。
4、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳期第10天和第17天的血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
5、饲粮氨基酸水平对泌乳母猪血浆氨基酸浓度有影响。1.0%组泌乳期第10天血浆赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、瓜氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸(P<0.01)和亮氨酸(P<0.05)浓度显著低于1.2%组；1.0%组泌乳期第17天血浆赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和瓜氨酸(P<0.01)和苯丙氨酸(P<0.05)浓度显著低于1.2%组。
6、饲粮对乳汁氨基酸浓度有影响。1.0%组乳汁赖氨酸浓度极显著低于1.2%组(P<0.01)；1.0%组乳中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸(P<0.01)和蛋氨酸(P<0.05)浓度显著高于1.2%组。
由以上结果可得出以下结论：
采用可消化赖氨酸：缬氨酸：苏氨酸：含硫氨基酸：色氨酸比例为100：85：66：60：19的氨基酸模型,当泌乳母猪全期平均采食量为5.9 kg／d,饲粮赖氨酸摄入量为59 g／d(1.0%组)时,母猪体内氨基酸的利用率最高,生产成绩最佳。
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of four dietary amino acid levels on the reproductive performance, blood indicators and amino acid concentrations of milk in lactating sows.200 Large White×Landrace sows, with similar parity, body condition and presumed parturition date, were allocated to four diets with 50 replicates of one sow in each group. Four diets were formulated by 0.9% (0.9% group),1.0%2(1:0% group),1.1%(1.1% group) and 1.2%(1.2% group) of dietary lysine levels, and crystalline valine, threonine, methionine and Trpptophan were supplemented into diets to ensure the same digestible amino acid pattern for all the four diets. The results were as follows:
1. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the backfat laoss and the performances of litter. Backfat loss in 1.0% group was 0.57 mm lower than 1.2% group (P< 0.05).1.0% group resulted in 4.48% and 4.34%(P<0.01) greater litter weaning weight than0.9% group and 1.2% group.1.0% group improved average daily weight gain by 5.45% and 4.74%compared with 0.9% group andl.2% group (P<0.01).1.1% group resulted in 4.25% and 4.12% (P<0.01) greater litter weaning weight than 0.9% group and 1.2% group.1.1% group improved average daily weight gain by 4.73% and 4.03% compared with 0.9% group and 1.2% group (P<0.01). Dietary amino acid levels had no significant effects on interval from weanling to estrus (P>0.05).
2. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the plasma urea nitrogen and 3-Methylhistidine concentration. The concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen of sows on the 10th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05); The concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen of sows on the 17th day of lactation in 1.0% group and 1.1% group were lower than that in 1.2% group (P<0.05). The concentrations of plasma 3-Methylhistidine of sows on the 17th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than 1.2% group (P<0.05).
3. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the plasma creatinine concentrations. The concentrations of plasma creatinine of sows on the 10th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than that in 1.1%group (P<0.05); The concentrations of plasma creatinine of sows on the 17th day of lactation in1.0% group,1.1% group andl.2% group were significantly lower than that in0.9% group (P<0.05).
4. Dietary amino acid levels had no significant effects on the cincentrations of plasma Triglyceride and cholesterol of sows on 10th and 17th day of lactation (P>0.05).
5. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the plasma amino acid concentrations. The concentrations of plasma lysine, threonine, valine,methionine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine (P<0.01)and leucine (P<0.05) of sows on the 10th day of lactation in 1.0% group were significantly lower than that in 1.2% group. The concentrations of plasma lysine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamic acid and leucine (P<0.01)and phenylalanine(P<0.05) of sows on the 17th day of lactation inl.0% group were significantly lower than that in 1.2% group.
6. Dietary amino acid levels of lactating sows affected the amino acid concentrations in milk. Lysine concentration in milk was higher as the dietary amino acid level (P<0.01), valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine (P<0.01) and methionine (P<0.05)concentrations in milk in 1.0% group were lower than that in 1.2% group.
We can draw conclusions from above results that:
Based on an ideal dietary amino acid pattern(Dlys:Val:Thr:Met+Cys:Trp= 100: 85:66:60:19),with daily feed intaking 5.9kg/d and intaking total lysine 59 g/d, the lactational sows could maxlmum the amino acid utilization and had the best productive performance.
引文
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