基于改进博弈论的船舶主尺度方案优选
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摘要
船舶主尺度方案优选是船舶总体设计的重要部分也是后续设计的关键,而博弈论已经成为当前研究的热点,在很多领域中已经获得成功应用,并显现出其处理复杂决策选择问题的优异性能,有着广阔的应用前景,但在船舶主尺度方案优选领域尚未开展相关深入的研究。
本文根据船舶主尺度方案优选问题与博弈问题都是对最优策略进行选择的共同特点,综合考虑到现有博弈论直接在方案优选中难以直接应用,或效率低下及其他一些不足,通过研究船舶主尺度方案优选模型及博弈论模型和其他优化理论,确定了船舶主尺度优选方案中的博弈方及其对应的策略空间模型,即将各设计目标视为博弈问题的博弈方,主尺度设计变量集合视为所有博弈方的战略集组合,并对船舶方案的主尺度设计变量进行模糊聚类,分解为各博弈方的策略集,使其转化为博弈问题,并在博弈过程中引入遗传算法简化博弈进程,提高博弈效率;为了体现设计要求的整体性及提高运算效率对合作博弈模型各收益函数采用模糊综合评判法将其整合为一个单目标总体收益函数。
具体应用改进博弈论模型的实例中表明:
合作博弈论方法能更好地综合反映各优化目标的要求,优选结果更趋合理;在设计目标有偏好时,寡头博弈能够更好的满足要求;若要得到较好的NASH博弈均衡解需进行模糊聚类来得到各博弈方的策略空间;不同的博弈模型反映了不同的设计人员和部门在对不同的设计目标进行方案选择的个性化要求,因此为了实现总体统筹优化,各船舶设计部门须加强交流和合作。
Optimization design of ship principal dimensions is the important part of general design, and the key to the following designs. The research of Game theory which is successfully used in many areas and shows its great ability to solve the problem of choosing the best strategy in complicated situation, has even become a focus, so it has a great prospect. However, there is a lack of in-depth study in optimization design of ship principal dimensions.
Based on the characteristic of both choosing the best strategy and an overall consideration of problems , which game theory can be used hardly or inefficiently in optimization design of ship principal dimensions , by studying optimization model of ship principal dimensions ,game theory and other optimization theories ,this paper sets the game players of ship design and their corresponding strategic options from the perspective of the game theory and puts forward the game method of the multi-objective optimal design. The design goals are treated as game players and the design variables as each game player's strategies by fuzzy clustering algorithm. Game process is improved efficiently by using genetic algorithm. Revenue functions of the cooperation-competition model are integrated into an overall revenue function with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in order to get synthetic result quickly.
The application of improved game theory methods on optimization of the ship hull form demonstrates the followings:
The cooperation-competition model can comprehensively reflect the requirement of each ship design objective to be optimized, and that the optimized result is reasonable. It's necessary to get each game player's strategies by fuzzy clustering algorithm for making Nash equilibrium perfectly. Different game theory models show situations of how different designers or branchs choose the best plan according to their needs,so it is essential to improve communication and cooperation for all design departments so as to satisfy the demands perfectly.
本文根据船舶主尺度方案优选问题与博弈问题都是对最优策略进行选择的共同特点,综合考虑到现有博弈论直接在方案优选中难以直接应用,或效率低下及其他一些不足,通过研究船舶主尺度方案优选模型及博弈论模型和其他优化理论,确定了船舶主尺度优选方案中的博弈方及其对应的策略空间模型,即将各设计目标视为博弈问题的博弈方,主尺度设计变量集合视为所有博弈方的战略集组合,并对船舶方案的主尺度设计变量进行模糊聚类,分解为各博弈方的策略集,使其转化为博弈问题,并在博弈过程中引入遗传算法简化博弈进程,提高博弈效率;为了体现设计要求的整体性及提高运算效率对合作博弈模型各收益函数采用模糊综合评判法将其整合为一个单目标总体收益函数。
具体应用改进博弈论模型的实例中表明:
合作博弈论方法能更好地综合反映各优化目标的要求,优选结果更趋合理;在设计目标有偏好时,寡头博弈能够更好的满足要求;若要得到较好的NASH博弈均衡解需进行模糊聚类来得到各博弈方的策略空间;不同的博弈模型反映了不同的设计人员和部门在对不同的设计目标进行方案选择的个性化要求,因此为了实现总体统筹优化,各船舶设计部门须加强交流和合作。
Optimization design of ship principal dimensions is the important part of general design, and the key to the following designs. The research of Game theory which is successfully used in many areas and shows its great ability to solve the problem of choosing the best strategy in complicated situation, has even become a focus, so it has a great prospect. However, there is a lack of in-depth study in optimization design of ship principal dimensions.
Based on the characteristic of both choosing the best strategy and an overall consideration of problems , which game theory can be used hardly or inefficiently in optimization design of ship principal dimensions , by studying optimization model of ship principal dimensions ,game theory and other optimization theories ,this paper sets the game players of ship design and their corresponding strategic options from the perspective of the game theory and puts forward the game method of the multi-objective optimal design. The design goals are treated as game players and the design variables as each game player's strategies by fuzzy clustering algorithm. Game process is improved efficiently by using genetic algorithm. Revenue functions of the cooperation-competition model are integrated into an overall revenue function with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in order to get synthetic result quickly.
The application of improved game theory methods on optimization of the ship hull form demonstrates the followings:
The cooperation-competition model can comprehensively reflect the requirement of each ship design objective to be optimized, and that the optimized result is reasonable. It's necessary to get each game player's strategies by fuzzy clustering algorithm for making Nash equilibrium perfectly. Different game theory models show situations of how different designers or branchs choose the best plan according to their needs,so it is essential to improve communication and cooperation for all design departments so as to satisfy the demands perfectly.
引文
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[6]杨二波,陈明.基于博弈论的船型优化.2008中国大连国际海事论坛论文集[C].大连:大连海事大学出版社,2009.
[7]MurPhy.R,Sabat.D.Jand.Least cost ship characteristics by computer techniques[J].Mar Technol,1965,2(2):174-202.
[8]Nowacki.H,Brusis.F..Tanker preliminary design-An optimization Problem with constraints[J].Trans Soc Nay Archit.1970,78:357-390.
[9]Bras.B.,Smith.W.The Development of a Design Guidance System for Early Stages of Design[J].Elsevier Science Publishers,1990:221-231.
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[12]Whiteomb.C.A.Naval ship design philosophy implementation[J].Naval Engineers Journal,1998,1:49-63
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[14]Ray.T,Gokarn.R.P,Sha.O.P.Global optimization model for ship design[J].Computer in Industry,1995,26:175-192.
[15]Azarm.S,Narayanan.S.Multi-objectives interactive sequential hybrid optimization technique or design decision making[J].Engineering Optimization.2000,4:485-500.
[16]Mansour.Alaa E,Cui Weicheng.Ship structure design and fabrication with reliability based quality and cost optimization approach[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,1998,2(1):20-26.
[17]董一平.水面舰艇总体优化设计[D].武汉:海军工程学院,1993.
[18]陈宾康,裘学锋.供水船的最优化设计方法[J].船舶工程,1994,2:14-18.
[19]夏丹.两岸通航高速客运船型研究[D].武汉:武汉交通科技大学,1994.
[20]刘寅东,唐焕文.船舶多方案优选决策的层次分析法[J].船舶工程,1996,1:22-25.
[21]向溢.胶州湾高速船船型技术经济论证[D].武汉:武汉交通科技大学,1997.
[22]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的OEA方法---运筹学的一个新的研究领域[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1988.
[23]郭京福,杨德礼.数据包络分析方法综述[J].大连理工大学学报,1995,35(3):236-240.
[24]刘寅东等.船舶技术经济综合评判的DEA方法[J].大连理工大学学报,1995,35(6):873-878.
[25]郝刚,曾广武,程远胜.船舶设计中的多目标模糊优化方法[J].华中理工大学学报.1993,21(3):125-131.
[26]俞铭华,徐昌文.基于广义模糊判决的船舶结构多目标模糊优化设计[J].中国造船.1993,4:53-60.
[27]刘锦秋,郝刚.船舶技术经济论证中的模糊综合评判方法[J].华中理工大学学报,1989,17(4):103-110.
[28]林焰,纪卓尚,李树范等.船舶主尺度的模糊多目标规划设计[J].造船技术,1994,9:9-12.
[29]汤筱笙,顾敏童,薛茂根,船舶主尺度技术经济分析的模糊数学规划方法[J].上海交通大学学报,1995,29(5):20-25.
[30]薛茂根,顾敏童,林杰人.船舶主要参数多目标正交优化设计的模糊分析[J].船舶工程,1994,4:2-27.
[31]裘泳铭等.正交设计法在运输船舶主尺度优选中的应用[J].上海交通大学学报,1993,27(6):75-82.
[32]胡云昌等.船舶优化设计中的一种交互式多目标规划方法[J].船舶工程,1992,3:6-8.
[33]蔡薇,席龙飞.多目标决策的分步筛选法及船型论证实践[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1994,18(4):389-396.
[34]包丛喜,席龙飞.船型论证中的多目标决策新方法[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1996,20(5):584-588.
[35]郑玄亮.船海工程设计中的博弈分析法研究与应用[D].大连:大连理工大学船舶工程学院,2009.
[36]王世连,刘寅东.船舶设计原理[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2000.
[37]H.W.Kuhn,A,W.Tucker,Contributions to the Theory of Games Vol.Ⅰ[M].Princeton University Press,1950.
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