无线通信系统中新型天线技术的研究与设计
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摘要
随着无线通信的发展,移动终端已经演变为智能终端。移动终端的高速数据业务、多媒体功能和多标准按需接入要求,要求天线和射频前端实现更高程度的小型化、高性能,天线的分集技术和双频技术在近几年受到特别的关注。
基于目前对无线通信对天线的高性能、小体积、多频段、高宽带等要求,本论文研究了天线的分集技术和双频技术,并给出了仿真和实验结果。论文的主要内容分为以下几个部分：
首先,介绍了无线通信中天线的研究现状、表征天线性能的几个重要参数,以及天线的电磁分析方法及仿真软件。
其次,提出了一种新型双极化混合馈电微带贴片天线,天线采用孔径耦合馈电与探针馈电相结合的混合馈电方式,结合“T”型馈线提高了两端口隔离度,采用"Hour glass"形的槽改善了输入端口的阻抗特性。天线的工作频率为2.37 GHz,两端口的反射损耗分别为-16.08 dB和-21.92 dB,两端口隔离度为-24.24 dB。而后又研究了天线的频带展宽技术,采用在天线地板的中心线上开4个槽的方法,使天线的频带宽度有明显的展宽。测量结果与仿真结果基本吻合。
最后,提出了一种新型宽频带双频差分天线。该天线基于低温共烧陶瓷(LowTemperature Co-Fired Ceramics,简称LTCC)技术,采用矩形环状贴片,并使用两条特性阻抗为50Ω的、叉形微带馈线进行差分馈电,是一种具有平衡结构的宽缝隙天线,这种结构使得天线拥有较宽的频带宽度。该天线实现了双频段工作,其两个工作频率为2.63 GHz和5.13 GHz。该天线性能良好,两个频段的奇模反射系数分别为-14.43 dB和-15.67 dB。天线同时拥有非常好的宽频带特性,两个工作频率的绝对带宽分别为220 MHz和1.49 GHz,相对带宽分别为8.37%和29.04%。天线有良好的增益,并在E面与H面具有稳定的全向辐射特性。测量结果与仿真结果吻合较好。
With the development of wireless communications, mobile devices have evolved into intelligent terminals. The high-speed data services, multimedia function and the connection to multi-standards according to the necessary of mobile requirements, request the antenna and RF front end requirements have a higher degree of miniaturization and high performance. Diversity antenna technology and dual-band technology is of particular concern in recent years.
Based on the requests of small volume, multi-band, high performance and high bandwidth in current wireless communication, diversity technology and dual-band technology are investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the simulation and experimental results are given. The main thesis is divided into the following sections:
Firstly, the statuses of the antenna in wireless communications are presented. Then several important parameters, which describe the performance of antennas, methods and software for antenna analyze are introduced.
Secondly, a novel dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna fed by aperture coupled feed and probe feed is presented. The T-shaped microstrip feedline and the hybrid feed are adopted to improve the isolation between two ports. In order to improve the input impedance of the proposed antenna, the "hour-glass" shaped slot is used. The measured center frequency of the antenna is 2.37 GHz, the return loss for port 1 is -16.08 dB and -21.92 dB for port 2, and the isolation between the two ports is -24.24 dB. Then, four slots are embedded along the centerline of the ground plane so that the bandwidth of antenna is highly improved. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results has been achieved.
At last, a novel broadband differential dual-frequency antenna is designed, simulated and measured. The antenna is designed on an LTCC (Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics) substrate. The rectangular ring patch is etched on the top of the substrate, and the fork-shaped 50Ωmicrostrip feedline is on its back. It is a wide slot antenna with a balanced structure, and is fed by the differential signal. This substructure makes the antenna has a wide bandwidth. The proposed antenna can work at both 2.63 GHz and 5.13 GHz, with the odd mode reflection coefficients -14.43 dB and -15.67 dB respectively. A good broadband characteristic is obtained. At the lower working band, the impedance bandwidth is about 220 MHz (for the relative bandwidth 8.37%), while those for the higher working band are 1.49 GHz (for the relative bandwidth 29.04%). The proposed antenna has a good gain and the radiation patterns are nearly omni-directional at both two working bands. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results has been achieved.
基于目前对无线通信对天线的高性能、小体积、多频段、高宽带等要求,本论文研究了天线的分集技术和双频技术,并给出了仿真和实验结果。论文的主要内容分为以下几个部分：
首先,介绍了无线通信中天线的研究现状、表征天线性能的几个重要参数,以及天线的电磁分析方法及仿真软件。
其次,提出了一种新型双极化混合馈电微带贴片天线,天线采用孔径耦合馈电与探针馈电相结合的混合馈电方式,结合“T”型馈线提高了两端口隔离度,采用"Hour glass"形的槽改善了输入端口的阻抗特性。天线的工作频率为2.37 GHz,两端口的反射损耗分别为-16.08 dB和-21.92 dB,两端口隔离度为-24.24 dB。而后又研究了天线的频带展宽技术,采用在天线地板的中心线上开4个槽的方法,使天线的频带宽度有明显的展宽。测量结果与仿真结果基本吻合。
最后,提出了一种新型宽频带双频差分天线。该天线基于低温共烧陶瓷(LowTemperature Co-Fired Ceramics,简称LTCC)技术,采用矩形环状贴片,并使用两条特性阻抗为50Ω的、叉形微带馈线进行差分馈电,是一种具有平衡结构的宽缝隙天线,这种结构使得天线拥有较宽的频带宽度。该天线实现了双频段工作,其两个工作频率为2.63 GHz和5.13 GHz。该天线性能良好,两个频段的奇模反射系数分别为-14.43 dB和-15.67 dB。天线同时拥有非常好的宽频带特性,两个工作频率的绝对带宽分别为220 MHz和1.49 GHz,相对带宽分别为8.37%和29.04%。天线有良好的增益,并在E面与H面具有稳定的全向辐射特性。测量结果与仿真结果吻合较好。
With the development of wireless communications, mobile devices have evolved into intelligent terminals. The high-speed data services, multimedia function and the connection to multi-standards according to the necessary of mobile requirements, request the antenna and RF front end requirements have a higher degree of miniaturization and high performance. Diversity antenna technology and dual-band technology is of particular concern in recent years.
Based on the requests of small volume, multi-band, high performance and high bandwidth in current wireless communication, diversity technology and dual-band technology are investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the simulation and experimental results are given. The main thesis is divided into the following sections:
Firstly, the statuses of the antenna in wireless communications are presented. Then several important parameters, which describe the performance of antennas, methods and software for antenna analyze are introduced.
Secondly, a novel dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna fed by aperture coupled feed and probe feed is presented. The T-shaped microstrip feedline and the hybrid feed are adopted to improve the isolation between two ports. In order to improve the input impedance of the proposed antenna, the "hour-glass" shaped slot is used. The measured center frequency of the antenna is 2.37 GHz, the return loss for port 1 is -16.08 dB and -21.92 dB for port 2, and the isolation between the two ports is -24.24 dB. Then, four slots are embedded along the centerline of the ground plane so that the bandwidth of antenna is highly improved. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results has been achieved.
At last, a novel broadband differential dual-frequency antenna is designed, simulated and measured. The antenna is designed on an LTCC (Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics) substrate. The rectangular ring patch is etched on the top of the substrate, and the fork-shaped 50Ωmicrostrip feedline is on its back. It is a wide slot antenna with a balanced structure, and is fed by the differential signal. This substructure makes the antenna has a wide bandwidth. The proposed antenna can work at both 2.63 GHz and 5.13 GHz, with the odd mode reflection coefficients -14.43 dB and -15.67 dB respectively. A good broadband characteristic is obtained. At the lower working band, the impedance bandwidth is about 220 MHz (for the relative bandwidth 8.37%), while those for the higher working band are 1.49 GHz (for the relative bandwidth 29.04%). The proposed antenna has a good gain and the radiation patterns are nearly omni-directional at both two working bands. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results has been achieved.
引文
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[1]Ka-Ming Mak, Hang Wong and Kwai-Man Luk. A Shorted Bowtie Patch Antenna With a Cross Dipole for Dual Polarization. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6,126-129.
[2]B. A. Cetiner, J. Y. Qian, H. P. Chang, M. Bachman, G. P. Li and F. De Flaviis. Monolithic Integration of RF MEMS Switches with a Diversity Antenna on PCB Substrate. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2003,51(1), 332-335.
[3]Jong-Sung Kim, Kwang-Ho Shin, Seung-Mo Park, Won-Kyu Choi and Nak-Seon Seong. Polarization and Space Diversity Antenna Using Inverted-F Antennas for RFID Reader Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2006, 5,265-268.
[4]Fan Yang, Yahya Rahmat-Samii. A Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Using Switchable Slots for Circular Polarization Diversity. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2002,12(3),96-98.
[5]Raul Ricardo Ramirez, Franco De Flaviis. A Mutual Coupling Study of Linear and Circular Polarized Microstrip Antennas for Diversity Wireless Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(2),238-248.
[6]段恒毅,戴俊虹.便携式终端天线的分集设计.电讯技术,2007,47(6),75-78.
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[9]梁仙灵.双极化微带天线阵与超宽带、多频段印刷天线.上海大学博社学位论 文,2006.
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[1]A. Shamim, G. Brzezina, M. Arsalan and L.Roy.5.2 GHz Differential LTCC Antenna and Balun for Biomedical System in Package (SiP) Application. IEEE Antenna Technology,2007,443-446.
[2]Siu Yee MOK, Ka Tsun MOK and Wing Shing CHAN. Active Broadband Integrated Antenna for Differential Application. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference,2006,235-238.
[3]Jin Shi, Jian-Xin Chen and Quan Xue. A Differential Voltage-Controlled Integrated Antenna Oscillator Based on Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Line. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2008,56(10),2207-2212.
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[5]Ching-Hong K. Chin, Quan Xue and Hang Wong. Broadband Patch Antenna with a Folded Plate Pair as a Differential Feeding Scheme. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2007,55(9),2461-2467.
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[23]Liping Han, Wenmei Zhang, Xinwei Chen, Guorui Han and Runbo Ma. Design of Compact Differential Dual-Frequency Antenna with Stacked Patches. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2010,1.
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[1]唐敬双.微波毫米波天线测试系统技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[2]宋旭亮,朱义胜.微带天线的设计和阻抗匹配.现代电子技术,2008,1,73-75.
[3]Reinhold Ludwing, Pavel Bretchko.射频电路设计理论与应用.北京,电子工业出版社,2002,111-130.
[4]鲍小一.电磁兼容实验用宽带加脊喇叭天线的设计.东南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[5]刘舰.基于网络分析仪的天线近场测量系统的研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[6]边永生.小型天线参数的自动化测量.山东大学硕士学位论文,2006.
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[9]王扬智.宽频带微带天线的研究及设计实现.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
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[25]Quan Xue, Xiu Yin Zhang and Ching-Hong K. Chin. A Novel Differential-Fed Patch Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2006,5,471-474.
[26]Ee Lee, Kin Meng Chan, Peter Gardner, and Terence E. Dodgson. Active Integrated Antenna Design Using a Contact-Less, Proximity Coupled. Differentially Fed Technique, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2007,55(2),267-276.
[27]Liping Han, Wenmei Zhang, Xinwei Chen, Guorui Han and Runbo Ma. Design of Compact Differential Dual-Frequency Antenna with Stacked Patches. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2010,1.
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[31]Jin Shi, Jian-Xin Chen and Quan Xue. A Differential Voltage-Controlled Integrated Antenna Oscillator Based on Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Line. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2008,56(10),2207-2212.
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[1]赵旭.第三代移动通信基站天线设计与实现.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
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[1]Ka-Ming Mak, Hang Wong and Kwai-Man Luk. A Shorted Bowtie Patch Antenna With a Cross Dipole for Dual Polarization. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2007,6,126-129.
[2]B. A. Cetiner, J. Y. Qian, H. P. Chang, M. Bachman, G. P. Li and F. De Flaviis. Monolithic Integration of RF MEMS Switches with a Diversity Antenna on PCB Substrate. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2003,51(1), 332-335.
[3]Jong-Sung Kim, Kwang-Ho Shin, Seung-Mo Park, Won-Kyu Choi and Nak-Seon Seong. Polarization and Space Diversity Antenna Using Inverted-F Antennas for RFID Reader Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2006, 5,265-268.
[4]Fan Yang, Yahya Rahmat-Samii. A Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Using Switchable Slots for Circular Polarization Diversity. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2002,12(3),96-98.
[5]Raul Ricardo Ramirez, Franco De Flaviis. A Mutual Coupling Study of Linear and Circular Polarized Microstrip Antennas for Diversity Wireless Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(2),238-248.
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[10]Bjorn Lindmark, Staffan Lundgren, John R. Sanford and Claes Beckman. Dual-Polarized Array for Signal-Processing Applications in Wireless Communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1998,46(6), 758-763.
[11]Mariano Barba. A High-Isolation, Wideband and Dual-Linear Polarization Patch Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2008,56(5),1472-1476.
[12]Wayne S. T. Rowe, Rod B. Waterhouse. Integratable Wide-band Dual Polarized Antennas with Rear Field Cancellation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(3),469-477.
[13]S.C. Gao, L.W. Li, P. Gardner and P.S. Hall. Dual-polarized wideband microstrip antenna. Electronics Letters,2007,37(18),1106-1107.
[14]A. Adrian, D. H. Schaubert. Dual Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Dual or Circular Polarization. Electronics Letters,1987,23(23),1226-1228.
[15]S. K. Padhi, N. C. Karmakar, C. L. Law and S. Aditya. A Dual Polarized Aperture Coupled Circular Patch Antenna Using a C-Shaped Coupling Slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2003,51(12),3295-3298.
[16]Yeunjeong Kim, Wansuk Yun and Youngjoong Yoon. Dual-frequency and Dual-polarization Wideband Microstrip Antenna. Electronics Letters,1999,35(17), 1399-1400.
[17]Kin-Lu Wong, Tzung-Wern Chiou. Broad-Band Dual-Polarized Patch Antennas Fed by Capacitively Coupled Feed and Slot-Coupled Feed. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2002,50(3),346-351.
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