铁路养护用液压振动器的虚拟样机设计与分析
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摘要
近二十年来,由于振动装置和冲击机械的蓬勃发展,应用液压能来实现振动和冲击,已逐渐形成了一个新的技术领域。随着国内外铁路养护作业要求的提高和养护机械的发展,研发铁路养护用液压振动机械已成为一个新的研究课题。本论文根据某集团公司拟用液压振动器代替铁路养护机械用惯性振动器的需要和现有的液压振动器产品难以满足其使用要求的现状,应用CAD技术和虚拟样机技术对一种铁路养护机械所需的高频率、大冲击功、以活塞振动激发缸体振动从而带动轨枕振动以压实铁路道碴的新型强制配流式液压振动器进行了设计与研究。
应用虚拟样机技术对机械系统的数字化模型进行运动学和动力学仿真,可以在产品设计阶段发现设计中存在的潜在问题,并快速进行修改,减少了机械设计中对于物理样机的依赖性。这样既节省了成本,缩短了产品开发周期,又提高了产品性能,增强了产品的竞争力。虚拟样机技术将成为现代机械设计、分析与试验的重要技术。
本文在运用传统机械设计方法和材料力学以及碰撞理论的基础上,设计出了一种新型液压振动器。应用虚拟样机技术对液压振动器的运动学和动力学性能作了较深入的研究。用三维设计软件SOLID EDGE和有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了钢轨的中性MNF文件,并通过ADAMS接口模块将MNF文件导入ADAMS建立了机械系统的刚-柔混合模型。以钢轨变形挠度、活塞冲击速度和液压机构的冲击速度为研究对象,对液压机械系统做了刚-柔混合模型的动力学仿真,进一步了解了系统的结构形式、活塞质量和油压这些因素对系统动力学行为的影响。最后使用参数化设计得出活塞质量和钢轨变形挠度的关系,确定了液压振动器的机械结构。
本文通过应用虚拟样机技术对所设计的液压振动器的三维实体模型进行运动学和动力学仿真,验证了设计结果的正确性和合理性。取得了一定的研究成果。这对铁路养护用液压振动机械的设计、分析和试验具有一定的指导作用和工程应用价值。
Last two decades based on the booming development of vibration unit and shock device, it is becoming a new technical field to apply hydraulic power to vibration and shock devices. With the increasing demands of maintenance of railway track and the development of maintenance machinery, it becomes a new research subject to research and design new hydraulic vibration machines. In this paper, hydraulic vibration of the impact of design research is used railway ballast compaction and removal, which requires hydraulic impactor hit the rail and to generate the horizontal vibration of the rail deflection, the deflection value is 2mm, and the vibration frequency is higher than 28Hz. Hydraulic system is less than 35MPa, with flow structure is a switch valve used in a mandatory assignment.
The successful application of Virtual Prototyping Technology in mechanical system dynamics simulation improved the efficiency of mechanical system design. Greatly shortening the product design cycles, it has important application value for engineering practice. With the virtual prototyping technology, engineers can be through the mechanical system motion simulation discovered the potential problems in the product design stage of product design, and quickly make changes to reduce the mechanical design of the dependence of physical prototypes, which finally save the cost, shorten the product development cycles, improve product performance, and enhance the competitiveness of products.
In this paper, with the traditional mechanical design methods and base on material mechanics and the collision theory, we have designed the hydraulic vibrator. We used the virtual prototyping technology to do some research for hydraulic impact machine's dynamics, kinematic performance. With three-dimensional design software(SOLIDEDGE) and finite element analysis software ANSYS we has established rail neutral MNF file, and by using ADAMS interface module we made MNF file into ADAMS mechanical system, which has set up just-soft hybrid model. We made the Deformation of the rail deflection, piston impact velocity and impact velocity of the hydraulic mechanism as an object of study. We made a Dynamics simulates of the just-soft commixture model for Hydraulic pressure machinery system. It makes us to know better of the system's structural form, piston weight, and hydraulic oil pressure on the system with dynamics behavior. At last we use the method of parametric to design quality and the rail draw piston deflection deformation of the system to determine the relationship between the mechanical structures. Finally, we use parameterization design procedures to have sought out the relation between piston mass and the rail deformation deflection. At the same time we have ascertained systematic machinery structure.
In this paper, the analytical study and optimization on working performances and structural parameters of work device will play an important guiding role and bring the significant application value to the improvement of hydraulic pressure maintain machinery design of railroad for the future research.
应用虚拟样机技术对机械系统的数字化模型进行运动学和动力学仿真,可以在产品设计阶段发现设计中存在的潜在问题,并快速进行修改,减少了机械设计中对于物理样机的依赖性。这样既节省了成本,缩短了产品开发周期,又提高了产品性能,增强了产品的竞争力。虚拟样机技术将成为现代机械设计、分析与试验的重要技术。
本文在运用传统机械设计方法和材料力学以及碰撞理论的基础上,设计出了一种新型液压振动器。应用虚拟样机技术对液压振动器的运动学和动力学性能作了较深入的研究。用三维设计软件SOLID EDGE和有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了钢轨的中性MNF文件,并通过ADAMS接口模块将MNF文件导入ADAMS建立了机械系统的刚-柔混合模型。以钢轨变形挠度、活塞冲击速度和液压机构的冲击速度为研究对象,对液压机械系统做了刚-柔混合模型的动力学仿真,进一步了解了系统的结构形式、活塞质量和油压这些因素对系统动力学行为的影响。最后使用参数化设计得出活塞质量和钢轨变形挠度的关系,确定了液压振动器的机械结构。
本文通过应用虚拟样机技术对所设计的液压振动器的三维实体模型进行运动学和动力学仿真,验证了设计结果的正确性和合理性。取得了一定的研究成果。这对铁路养护用液压振动机械的设计、分析和试验具有一定的指导作用和工程应用价值。
Last two decades based on the booming development of vibration unit and shock device, it is becoming a new technical field to apply hydraulic power to vibration and shock devices. With the increasing demands of maintenance of railway track and the development of maintenance machinery, it becomes a new research subject to research and design new hydraulic vibration machines. In this paper, hydraulic vibration of the impact of design research is used railway ballast compaction and removal, which requires hydraulic impactor hit the rail and to generate the horizontal vibration of the rail deflection, the deflection value is 2mm, and the vibration frequency is higher than 28Hz. Hydraulic system is less than 35MPa, with flow structure is a switch valve used in a mandatory assignment.
The successful application of Virtual Prototyping Technology in mechanical system dynamics simulation improved the efficiency of mechanical system design. Greatly shortening the product design cycles, it has important application value for engineering practice. With the virtual prototyping technology, engineers can be through the mechanical system motion simulation discovered the potential problems in the product design stage of product design, and quickly make changes to reduce the mechanical design of the dependence of physical prototypes, which finally save the cost, shorten the product development cycles, improve product performance, and enhance the competitiveness of products.
In this paper, with the traditional mechanical design methods and base on material mechanics and the collision theory, we have designed the hydraulic vibrator. We used the virtual prototyping technology to do some research for hydraulic impact machine's dynamics, kinematic performance. With three-dimensional design software(SOLIDEDGE) and finite element analysis software ANSYS we has established rail neutral MNF file, and by using ADAMS interface module we made MNF file into ADAMS mechanical system, which has set up just-soft hybrid model. We made the Deformation of the rail deflection, piston impact velocity and impact velocity of the hydraulic mechanism as an object of study. We made a Dynamics simulates of the just-soft commixture model for Hydraulic pressure machinery system. It makes us to know better of the system's structural form, piston weight, and hydraulic oil pressure on the system with dynamics behavior. At last we use the method of parametric to design quality and the rail draw piston deflection deformation of the system to determine the relationship between the mechanical structures. Finally, we use parameterization design procedures to have sought out the relation between piston mass and the rail deformation deflection. At the same time we have ascertained systematic machinery structure.
In this paper, the analytical study and optimization on working performances and structural parameters of work device will play an important guiding role and bring the significant application value to the improvement of hydraulic pressure maintain machinery design of railroad for the future research.
引文
[1]张立平等.压传动系统及设计.北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[2]李松晶,阮健,弓永军.先进液压传动技术概论.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008.3
[3]王国强,张进平,马若丁等.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实现.西安：西北工业大学出版社,2002
[4]S.H. Choi, A. M. M. Chan.A virtual prototyping system for rapid product development.Computer-Aided Design, Volume 36, Issue 5, April 2004
[5]范成建.虚拟样机软件MSC.ADAMS应用与提高.北京：机械工业出版社,2006.8
[6]陈立平等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS仿真.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[7]王刚等.虚拟样机技术在工程机械领域的应用.工程机械,2003(8)：11-13
[8]朱文华.液压振动技术.福州.福建科学技术出版社,1984
[9]屈本宁,张曙红.工程力学.北京：科学出版社,2003
[10]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰,胡增强,金心全.材料力学.北京：高等教育出版社,1994
[11]机械设计手册联合编写组.机械设计手册.北京：化学工业出版社,1983
[12]上海交通大学力学教研组.工程力学.上海.上海科学技术出版社,1978.5
[13]邵忍平.机械系统动力学.北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[14]刘德顺,李夕兵.冲击机械系统动力学.北京：科学出版社,1999
[15]国家机械工业委员会.液压传动.北京：机械工业出版社,1988.9
[16]贾培起.液压缸.北京：北京科学技术出版社,1987
[17]成大先,中国有色工程设计研究总院.机械设计手册：单行本.液压控制.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.1
[18]徐元昌.流体传动与控制.上海：同济大学出版社,1998.3
[19]马雅丽,黄志坚.蓄能器实用技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2007.6
[20]王守城,段俊勇.液压元件及选用.北京：化学工业出版社,2007.4
[21]李华.Solid Edge V18三维设计教程.北京：科学出版社,2007.2
[22]杜平安等,产品CAD中的参数化建摸方法,《计算机辅助设计与制造》1996,6：12-16
[23]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民等.ADAMS 2005机械设计高级应用实例.北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[24]郭卫东.虚拟样机技术与ADAMS应用实例教程.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[25]Resh.Computer Aided Engineering in Engine Design.International journal of Vehicle Design,2000(4):34-36
[26]ADAMS Theory seminar.Mechanical dynamics Inc.1994
[27]C.Sekimoto, Mashisa Yano.Development of Conceptual Design CAD System Proceedings of International ADAMS Users'Conference, 1998(9):45-48
[28]刘延柱等.多刚体系统动力学.北京：高等教育出版社,1989
[29][德].维滕伯格著,传锋译.多刚体系统动力学.北京：北京航空学院出版社,1986
[30]W.Schiehlen Multibody System Hand book Beriin SPringer Verlag,1990
[31]邢俊文.MSC.ADAMS/Flex于AutoFlex培训教程.北京：科学出版社,2006
[32]Peter John Clarkson,James Robert Hamiltion," Signposting",A Parameter-driven Task-based Model of the Design Process, Research in Engineering Design,2000(8):60-69
[33]C. KAu.M.M.F.Yuen.A semantic feature language for sculptuerd Object modeling.Computer-Aided Design,2000(11):30-36
[34]James Rum baugh,Object-Oriented Modeling and Design,Engle wood Cliffs,N.Prentice hall,1991 (12):26-31
[35]李增刚等.ADAMS入门详解与实例.北京：国防工业出版社,2006
[36]李军,刑俊文,覃文浩等.ADAMS实例教程.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002
[37]姚娟.基于虚拟样机技术的减速器动力学仿真研究.武汉理工大学硕 士学位论文.2008.29-33
[38]ADAMS/VIEW TMICON INTER FACE PRIMER/VERSION 8.0 Mechlical Dynamicslnc.1996.
[39]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高.北京.机械工业出版社,2002
[40]C.M.Hoffmann,K-J.Kim,Towards valid parametric CAD models, Computer-Aided Design2001(4):1-0-12
[41]约翰逊,徐秉业.接触力学.北京：高等教育出版社,1992.
[42]李世芸,李功宇,张曙红.ANSYS9.0基础及应用实例.北京：中国科学文化出版社,2005
[43]UsingADAMS/View. Version90 MechanicalDynamics Inc,1997
[44]Mechanical Dynamics inc.Using ADAMS/Solver.2002
[2]李松晶,阮健,弓永军.先进液压传动技术概论.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008.3
[3]王国强,张进平,马若丁等.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实现.西安：西北工业大学出版社,2002
[4]S.H. Choi, A. M. M. Chan.A virtual prototyping system for rapid product development.Computer-Aided Design, Volume 36, Issue 5, April 2004
[5]范成建.虚拟样机软件MSC.ADAMS应用与提高.北京：机械工业出版社,2006.8
[6]陈立平等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS仿真.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[7]王刚等.虚拟样机技术在工程机械领域的应用.工程机械,2003(8)：11-13
[8]朱文华.液压振动技术.福州.福建科学技术出版社,1984
[9]屈本宁,张曙红.工程力学.北京：科学出版社,2003
[10]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰,胡增强,金心全.材料力学.北京：高等教育出版社,1994
[11]机械设计手册联合编写组.机械设计手册.北京：化学工业出版社,1983
[12]上海交通大学力学教研组.工程力学.上海.上海科学技术出版社,1978.5
[13]邵忍平.机械系统动力学.北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[14]刘德顺,李夕兵.冲击机械系统动力学.北京：科学出版社,1999
[15]国家机械工业委员会.液压传动.北京：机械工业出版社,1988.9
[16]贾培起.液压缸.北京：北京科学技术出版社,1987
[17]成大先,中国有色工程设计研究总院.机械设计手册：单行本.液压控制.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.1
[18]徐元昌.流体传动与控制.上海：同济大学出版社,1998.3
[19]马雅丽,黄志坚.蓄能器实用技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2007.6
[20]王守城,段俊勇.液压元件及选用.北京：化学工业出版社,2007.4
[21]李华.Solid Edge V18三维设计教程.北京：科学出版社,2007.2
[22]杜平安等,产品CAD中的参数化建摸方法,《计算机辅助设计与制造》1996,6：12-16
[23]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民等.ADAMS 2005机械设计高级应用实例.北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[24]郭卫东.虚拟样机技术与ADAMS应用实例教程.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[25]Resh.Computer Aided Engineering in Engine Design.International journal of Vehicle Design,2000(4):34-36
[26]ADAMS Theory seminar.Mechanical dynamics Inc.1994
[27]C.Sekimoto, Mashisa Yano.Development of Conceptual Design CAD System Proceedings of International ADAMS Users'Conference, 1998(9):45-48
[28]刘延柱等.多刚体系统动力学.北京：高等教育出版社,1989
[29][德].维滕伯格著,传锋译.多刚体系统动力学.北京：北京航空学院出版社,1986
[30]W.Schiehlen Multibody System Hand book Beriin SPringer Verlag,1990
[31]邢俊文.MSC.ADAMS/Flex于AutoFlex培训教程.北京：科学出版社,2006
[32]Peter John Clarkson,James Robert Hamiltion," Signposting",A Parameter-driven Task-based Model of the Design Process, Research in Engineering Design,2000(8):60-69
[33]C. KAu.M.M.F.Yuen.A semantic feature language for sculptuerd Object modeling.Computer-Aided Design,2000(11):30-36
[34]James Rum baugh,Object-Oriented Modeling and Design,Engle wood Cliffs,N.Prentice hall,1991 (12):26-31
[35]李增刚等.ADAMS入门详解与实例.北京：国防工业出版社,2006
[36]李军,刑俊文,覃文浩等.ADAMS实例教程.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002
[37]姚娟.基于虚拟样机技术的减速器动力学仿真研究.武汉理工大学硕 士学位论文.2008.29-33
[38]ADAMS/VIEW TMICON INTER FACE PRIMER/VERSION 8.0 Mechlical Dynamicslnc.1996.
[39]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高.北京.机械工业出版社,2002
[40]C.M.Hoffmann,K-J.Kim,Towards valid parametric CAD models, Computer-Aided Design2001(4):1-0-12
[41]约翰逊,徐秉业.接触力学.北京：高等教育出版社,1992.
[42]李世芸,李功宇,张曙红.ANSYS9.0基础及应用实例.北京：中国科学文化出版社,2005
[43]UsingADAMS/View. Version90 MechanicalDynamics Inc,1997
[44]Mechanical Dynamics inc.Using ADAMS/Solver.2002