文脉传承载体
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摘要
任何事物的发展都是有规律而有序地进行,就像生物体,城市也是一样。可是中国经济持续高速发展使城市空间结构产生了巨大的变化,大规模的物质形态建设呈现出新区建设与旧城改造并重的现象,城市的优秀文化遭到了极大的流失。于是在建设中,出现了许多“无意义”现象,城市一旦失去了意义的依附,即使再完美的造型也难以与既有环境相融合。人们在城市中找不到归宿感,市民在城市空间中的活动也局限在必要性活动上,并在心底对这种失色的城市产生了抵触情绪,街道芭蕾消失了。可是在人们心中却充满了对过去、对文化、对传统的呼唤。
就像人具有记忆一样,城市也同样拥有着它们的记忆。人如果没有了记忆,那么人将不知道自己是谁?为什么而存在。同样,城市也是如此,当随着时间的迁移,一个城市若记忆消失的话,受到影响的将不单单是城市中的人们,城市自身也会出现失控的状态。可是记忆不像一个具体的实物可以永远存在,它是抽象的,很容易消失,因此记忆就跟空间联系起来了。因为在线性时间中漂泊无依并注定会消逝无踪的记忆,却可以凭借三维空间的结构性纽结而顽强抵抗,从而在时间中持久存在。记忆与空间一直都保持着密切的联系,记忆空间化的保存方式一直可以追溯至古代的记忆艺术中。因此,文章给出了城市记忆空间的概念,通过城市记忆空间来研究城市。
第一部分,根据目前城市存在的面貌趋同、城市记忆破坏严重等现象,提出了以记忆为线索的分析方法,以及根据记忆的概念、属性和它与时间、空间的关系提出了“城市记忆空间”的概念;
第二部分,详细地分析了城市记忆空间的类型、特征以及要素,从多角度对城市记忆空间进行剖析。
第三部分,分析了城市记忆空间意景与表达。阐述了城市记忆空间中的空间形态和事件模式,并记忆信息的存储和唤起。从城市记忆空间与人的关系入手,阐述城市记忆空间中人的记忆活动以及如何唤起记忆,得出城市记忆空间的特征表达。
第四部分,提出了城市记忆空间的设计原则和设计方法。寻求一种在城市中延续城市历史和记忆以及文脉的方法。
Like organism, everything has its own regularity and sequence in development, so does the city. In recent years, China’s economic has been developing continuously and speedily, which causes the city spatial structure a great change. There is a phenomenon of the large-scale material formation construction—the newly developed area construction and the old city transformation are paid equal attention to, and the outstanding city culture has encountered enormous draining. In the process of construction, many“insignificant”phenomenons appear. Once the city loses its attachment—significance, even the perfect modeling is also difficult to mix the environment together. Thus people cannot find their feelings of returning home, activities of residents in city space are limited in some necessary activities, and they would have resistance in their hearts to this kind of featureless city. The street ballet has vanished, but from people’s heart, there is a call for the past, the culture and the tradition.
The city has its own memories like human beings. If a man loses his memories, he will not know who he is and why he exists. Similarly, the city is also so. When time moves, a city’s memories would disappear. If this happens, not only people living in the city will be influenced, but also the city itself would be out of control. The memory is not like a concrete object which can exist forever; it is abstract and is likely to vanish, thus people contact the memory with the space. The memory, which drifts in the linear time and has nothing to depend on, is able to resist tenaciously by the structure of three-dimensional space, so it could exist for a very long time. The memory and the space keep a close contact with each other continuously. The way preserving the memory into space can be traced back to the art of memory in ancient times. This article will give the concept of city memory space, and study the city through it.
The first part, according to the phenomenon of many cities having the same appearance and cities’memories being destroyed seriously, the article proposes one analysis method: taking the memory as a clue; and gives the concept of“city memory space”by the help of memory concept, memory attribute and its relation to time and space.
The second part, city memory space’s types, characteristics and essential factors are analyzed in detail. This part carries on analysis from multi-angles to the city memory space.
The third part analyzes the city memory space’s mood and expression, elaborates its space spatial shape and event pattern and memorizes information storage and arouses. It begins at the relationship between the city memory space and human beings, elaborates human memory activities and the way waking up memories in the city memory space, then lead to characteristic expression in the city memory space.
The fourth part , proposes design principle and method of the city memory space and seeks for one method which could continues the history, memory and context of cities.
就像人具有记忆一样,城市也同样拥有着它们的记忆。人如果没有了记忆,那么人将不知道自己是谁?为什么而存在。同样,城市也是如此,当随着时间的迁移,一个城市若记忆消失的话,受到影响的将不单单是城市中的人们,城市自身也会出现失控的状态。可是记忆不像一个具体的实物可以永远存在,它是抽象的,很容易消失,因此记忆就跟空间联系起来了。因为在线性时间中漂泊无依并注定会消逝无踪的记忆,却可以凭借三维空间的结构性纽结而顽强抵抗,从而在时间中持久存在。记忆与空间一直都保持着密切的联系,记忆空间化的保存方式一直可以追溯至古代的记忆艺术中。因此,文章给出了城市记忆空间的概念,通过城市记忆空间来研究城市。
第一部分,根据目前城市存在的面貌趋同、城市记忆破坏严重等现象,提出了以记忆为线索的分析方法,以及根据记忆的概念、属性和它与时间、空间的关系提出了“城市记忆空间”的概念;
第二部分,详细地分析了城市记忆空间的类型、特征以及要素,从多角度对城市记忆空间进行剖析。
第三部分,分析了城市记忆空间意景与表达。阐述了城市记忆空间中的空间形态和事件模式,并记忆信息的存储和唤起。从城市记忆空间与人的关系入手,阐述城市记忆空间中人的记忆活动以及如何唤起记忆,得出城市记忆空间的特征表达。
第四部分,提出了城市记忆空间的设计原则和设计方法。寻求一种在城市中延续城市历史和记忆以及文脉的方法。
Like organism, everything has its own regularity and sequence in development, so does the city. In recent years, China’s economic has been developing continuously and speedily, which causes the city spatial structure a great change. There is a phenomenon of the large-scale material formation construction—the newly developed area construction and the old city transformation are paid equal attention to, and the outstanding city culture has encountered enormous draining. In the process of construction, many“insignificant”phenomenons appear. Once the city loses its attachment—significance, even the perfect modeling is also difficult to mix the environment together. Thus people cannot find their feelings of returning home, activities of residents in city space are limited in some necessary activities, and they would have resistance in their hearts to this kind of featureless city. The street ballet has vanished, but from people’s heart, there is a call for the past, the culture and the tradition.
The city has its own memories like human beings. If a man loses his memories, he will not know who he is and why he exists. Similarly, the city is also so. When time moves, a city’s memories would disappear. If this happens, not only people living in the city will be influenced, but also the city itself would be out of control. The memory is not like a concrete object which can exist forever; it is abstract and is likely to vanish, thus people contact the memory with the space. The memory, which drifts in the linear time and has nothing to depend on, is able to resist tenaciously by the structure of three-dimensional space, so it could exist for a very long time. The memory and the space keep a close contact with each other continuously. The way preserving the memory into space can be traced back to the art of memory in ancient times. This article will give the concept of city memory space, and study the city through it.
The first part, according to the phenomenon of many cities having the same appearance and cities’memories being destroyed seriously, the article proposes one analysis method: taking the memory as a clue; and gives the concept of“city memory space”by the help of memory concept, memory attribute and its relation to time and space.
The second part, city memory space’s types, characteristics and essential factors are analyzed in detail. This part carries on analysis from multi-angles to the city memory space.
The third part analyzes the city memory space’s mood and expression, elaborates its space spatial shape and event pattern and memorizes information storage and arouses. It begins at the relationship between the city memory space and human beings, elaborates human memory activities and the way waking up memories in the city memory space, then lead to characteristic expression in the city memory space.
The fourth part , proposes design principle and method of the city memory space and seeks for one method which could continues the history, memory and context of cities.
引文
①德重建柏林墙引来一片骂声:仅仅四分之一国人支持1.扬子晚报,2004一10一13(A27)
①王纪武.地域城市更新的文化检讨.建筑学报,2007(5):19
②卢峰,重庆地区建筑创作的地域性研究,重庆大学博士论文P:45
①该例子来自:李侦雷冬霞.情境再生与景观重塑——文化空间保护的方法探讨.建筑学报,2007(5):3
①汪安圣.认知心理学.北京:北京大学出版社,1998:69
②刘先觉.现代建筑理论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999: 14
①张庭伟.世界大城市规划与建设.上海:同济大学出版社,1986:56
②陈丹青.退步集.广西:广西师范大学出版社,2005:208
①[意]阿尔多·罗西.城市建筑学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006:10
②王一.认识、价值与方法——城市发展和城市设计思想演变.[博士论文] .上海:同济大学,2002
③转摘自张凡.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策.南京:东南大学出版社,2006:137
①李金荣.老重庆影像志——老行当.重庆:重庆出版社,2007:前言
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[2]闵学勤.感知与意象——城市理念与形象研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.12.
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[12] (日)相马一郎著,周畅,李曼曼译.环境心理学[M].第一版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
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[1] www.abbs.com.cm
[2] www.far2000.com
[3] www.greatbuildings.com
[4] www.baidu.com
[5] www.google.cn
①王纪武.地域城市更新的文化检讨.建筑学报,2007(5):19
②卢峰,重庆地区建筑创作的地域性研究,重庆大学博士论文P:45
①该例子来自:李侦雷冬霞.情境再生与景观重塑——文化空间保护的方法探讨.建筑学报,2007(5):3
①汪安圣.认知心理学.北京:北京大学出版社,1998:69
②刘先觉.现代建筑理论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999: 14
①张庭伟.世界大城市规划与建设.上海:同济大学出版社,1986:56
②陈丹青.退步集.广西:广西师范大学出版社,2005:208
①[意]阿尔多·罗西.城市建筑学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006:10
②王一.认识、价值与方法——城市发展和城市设计思想演变.[博士论文] .上海:同济大学,2002
③转摘自张凡.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策.南京:东南大学出版社,2006:137
①李金荣.老重庆影像志——老行当.重庆:重庆出版社,2007:前言
[1] (德)哈拉尔德·韦尔策.社会记忆:历史、回忆、传承[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007.5.
[2]闵学勤.感知与意象——城市理念与形象研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.12.
[4]王梗,汪安圣著.认知心理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1992.
[5] (英)弗雷德里克·C·巴特莱特,记忆:一个实验德与社会德心理学研究[M]第二版,杭州:浙江教育出版社,2000.6.
[6]王建国著.城市设计[M].第二版.南京:东南大学出版社,2004.
[7]刘先觉主编.现代建筑理论[M].北京:中国建筑工程出版社,2001.
[8]常怀生著.建筑环境心理学[M]北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.12.
[9]蒋涤非著.城市形态活力论[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
[10]梁梅著.中国当代城市环境设计的美学分析与批判[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[11]詹和平著.空间[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006.
[12] (日)相马一郎著,周畅,李曼曼译.环境心理学[M].第一版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[13]王富臣著.形态完整——城市设计的意义[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[14]陈丹青著.退步集[M].南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2005.
[15] (美)凯文·林奇著,方益萍,何晓军译.城市的意象[M].第一版.北京:华夏出版社,2001.4.
[16]朱俊编著.老重庆影像志-老街巷[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2007,11.
[17]吴良镛著.广义建筑学[M].北京清华大学出版社,1989.
[18] (意)伊卡洛·卡尔维诺著,张苾译.看不见德城市[M].北京:译林出版社,2006.
[19] (法)莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂.知觉现象学[M].著.北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[20]蒋原伦主编.溢出的都市[M].广西:广西师范大学出版社,2004.
[21] (英)史蒂文·蒂耶斯德尔.蒂姆·希思(土)塔内尔·厄奇联著.张玫英董卫译.城市历史街区德复兴[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[22] (意)阿尔多·罗西著.黄士钧译.城市建筑学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,.2006.
[23] (英)布莱恩·劳森著.空间的语言[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[24]陆邵明著.建筑体验——空间中的情节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[25]沈克宁著.建筑现象学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[26]张凡著.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006.
[27]田银生,刘韶军著.建筑设计与城市空间[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2000.
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[1] www.abbs.com.cm
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[5] www.google.cn