基于FPGA的GPS星座模拟器的研究与开发
摘要
全球定位系统(GPS)可以向全球用户提供位置、速度和时间信息,在航空、航天、海上及陆地等诸多领域得到了广泛的应用,成为一种主要的导航手段。随着空间定位技术的不断发展,空间定位系统必将出现多元化。本文结合计算机技术,以GPS定位系统为例,研究了卫星定位技术中的GPS星座模拟器。
本文综述了卫星导航系统的历史,现状及发展的方向,介绍GPS模拟器的研究发展状况。详细研究了GPS卫星信号传输理论和GPS卫星定位原理。在此基础上,提出GPS模拟器的理论模型和实现方法,研究了GPS星座模拟器的设计思路、组成模块,分析各个模块的设计原理。在理论研究和分析的基础上,提出模拟器的FPGA的设计与实现,以FPGA为平台,用verilog硬件语言实现了卫星信号的模拟,详细研究了基带模块的实现方法,包括C/A码产生模块,导航电文合成模块,码转换模块。最后通过射频模块发出,完成卫星信号的模拟。在信号测试部分,用示波器,频谱仪,MATLAB程序对模拟信号进行了验证实验。验证结果表明,设计满足要求,达到预想目标。
Global Position Systen(GPS) can provide us location,speed and time imformation with high precision. Nowadays, it has been widely used as a major means of navigation in many fields, such as aviation, spaceflight, martime, land and so on. With the development of satellite positioning technology, the space positioning system will be diversified inevitably. In this paper, combined with computer technology and taken GPS positioning system as an example, GPS constellation Simulator is studied.
The history, the current situation and the development direction of satellite navigation system are summarized in this paper. And then the research and development state of the GPS simulator are presented. The paper gives us a detailed account of the transmission theory and GPS position principle. And a kind of theory module and design principlr is put forward on basis of these theories, which introduces the design notion and compositive module of the GPS satellite constellation simulator. At the same time, the design principle of each module is introduced too.based on the theory research and analysis, the method of implementing the simulator is proposed. The hardware language verilog is used to simulate the satellite signal, while FPGA is used as a platform. The design and implementation of baseband module are also given in detail, which include the C/A code generated modules, navigation message synthetic module, code conversion modules.And issued by the RF modules at last,which compelete the simulation of GPS signal.At the same time, the signal test is given. Oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer and MATLAB simulation procedures are used to validate the test. The result shows that the design meets the requirements and achieves the desired objectives
本文综述了卫星导航系统的历史,现状及发展的方向,介绍GPS模拟器的研究发展状况。详细研究了GPS卫星信号传输理论和GPS卫星定位原理。在此基础上,提出GPS模拟器的理论模型和实现方法,研究了GPS星座模拟器的设计思路、组成模块,分析各个模块的设计原理。在理论研究和分析的基础上,提出模拟器的FPGA的设计与实现,以FPGA为平台,用verilog硬件语言实现了卫星信号的模拟,详细研究了基带模块的实现方法,包括C/A码产生模块,导航电文合成模块,码转换模块。最后通过射频模块发出,完成卫星信号的模拟。在信号测试部分,用示波器,频谱仪,MATLAB程序对模拟信号进行了验证实验。验证结果表明,设计满足要求,达到预想目标。
Global Position Systen(GPS) can provide us location,speed and time imformation with high precision. Nowadays, it has been widely used as a major means of navigation in many fields, such as aviation, spaceflight, martime, land and so on. With the development of satellite positioning technology, the space positioning system will be diversified inevitably. In this paper, combined with computer technology and taken GPS positioning system as an example, GPS constellation Simulator is studied.
The history, the current situation and the development direction of satellite navigation system are summarized in this paper. And then the research and development state of the GPS simulator are presented. The paper gives us a detailed account of the transmission theory and GPS position principle. And a kind of theory module and design principlr is put forward on basis of these theories, which introduces the design notion and compositive module of the GPS satellite constellation simulator. At the same time, the design principle of each module is introduced too.based on the theory research and analysis, the method of implementing the simulator is proposed. The hardware language verilog is used to simulate the satellite signal, while FPGA is used as a platform. The design and implementation of baseband module are also given in detail, which include the C/A code generated modules, navigation message synthetic module, code conversion modules.And issued by the RF modules at last,which compelete the simulation of GPS signal.At the same time, the signal test is given. Oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer and MATLAB simulation procedures are used to validate the test. The result shows that the design meets the requirements and achieves the desired objectives
引文
[1]刘基余,GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法,北京,科学出版社,2003.8
[2]王解先,刘红新.Galileo. GPS和Galileo/GPS组合系统实用性的比较.大地测量与地球动力学,2005 No. l
[3]吴继华,王诚,Altera FPGA/CPLD设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[4] Elliott D. Kaplan, Understanding GPS Principles and Applications,北京,电子工业出版社, 2002.8
[5]王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛,差分GPS定位技术与应用,北京,电子工业出版社,1996.11
[6]许尤楠.GPS卫星的精密定轨模型、软件和测轨网布设研究.解放军出版社,1989
[7]王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛.差分GPS定位技术与应用.电子工业出版社,1996
[8]陈小明,刘基余.GPS动态定位的对流层改正模型导航,1996
[9]李景春,刘灿新,正确认识扩频通信系统,北京,中国无线电管理,2001年地10期
[10]朱近康,扩展频谱通信及其应用,北京:中国电子科技大学出版社,1993
[11]言中,丁子明.卫星无线电导航.人民邮电出版社,1987
[12]施一民.现代大地控制测量.测绘出版社,2003
[13] Elsa Mohino, Mauricio Gende, Claudio Brunini, Miguel Heraiz. SiGOG: simulated GPS observation generator. GPS solute, 2005
[14] Sandra Verhagen. Performance Analysis of GPS, Galileo and Integrated GPS-Galileo.2005
[15]叶淦华,FPGA嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例,北京:中国电力出版社2005
[16]任晓东,文博,CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南,电子工业出版社,2003
[17]徐志军,徐光辉,CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用,电子工业出版社,2002 [18」袁仕耿.星座设计.中国空间技术研究院硕士论文,1996
[19] Lachapelle G. GPS Theory and Applications. University of Calgary,2000
[20] Scott Meyers. Effective STL:50 Specific ways to Improve Your Use of the StandardTemplate Library.Addison Wesley, 2001
[21]杨剑,王泽民,孟映,委民正.GLONASS卫星轨道积分算法分析.武汉大学学报信息科学版,2006, vo1.31(7)
[22]刘俊,张思东,张宏科.GPS系统建模与仿真技术研究.系统仿真学报,vo1.13(3),2001 [23」周善石,王解先.GPS广播星历与历书的精度比较.工程勘察,2006, No.9
[24]张伯,常青,张其善,寇艳红,高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器导航电文生成.北京航空航天大学学报,vol.31(3) ,2002
[25]宋茂忠,一种新颖的四天线时空调制通信定位综合化系统,高技术通讯,2002
[26]宋茂忠,许综泽,一种新颖的四进制八相时空调制通信定位综合化系统,应用科学学报,2002,20(4):404～408
[27]叶淦华,FPGA嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例,北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[28]飞思科技产品研究研发中心,MATLAB7辅助信号处理技术与应用,北京:电子工业,2001
[29]王洪元,MATLAB语言及其在电子信息工程中的应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[30] Kuroda, T.Saito, T.Takada, M.Yamada, O., Digital modulation scheme for FM multiplex broadcasting with mobile reception, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1 (Communications), 1993, 76, 10:68~79
[31] Zagrobelny, T., Digital multiplex systems, Wiadomosci Telekomunikacyjne, 1990, 30, 1-2:10-16
[32] Abe, M.Sibata, T.Yamazaki, T.Toyoda, M.Murakami, T., Realization of digital circuit multiplex equipment (DCME), KDD Technical Journal, 1989, 142:76~82
[33]胡光书,数字信号处理理论,算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[34]杨川,王永生,万天才,范麟,GPS卫星导航接收机RF电路的设计,微电学报,Vol.35,No.1,2005.2
[35]樊昌信,徐炳详,吴成柯,通信原理,北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[36]张贤达,保铮,通信信号处理,北京:国防工业出版社,2000.12
[37]陈亚勇等,MATLAB信号处理详解,北京:人民邮电出版社2001.9
[38] Auton, J.R. and J. Cruz. Simulating GPS Receiver Measurement Errors, Proceeding of ION GPS 96, Kansas City, Missouri, Sept. 17-20, 2003
[39] Rothacher, M.and L.Mervant(eds.). Bernese GPS Software Version 4.0, Astronomical Institute, Universitv of Bern, Swizerland, Sent. 2006
[40]程佩青,数字信号处理教程(第二版),北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[41]曹志刚,现代通信原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1992,8
[2]王解先,刘红新.Galileo. GPS和Galileo/GPS组合系统实用性的比较.大地测量与地球动力学,2005 No. l
[3]吴继华,王诚,Altera FPGA/CPLD设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[4] Elliott D. Kaplan, Understanding GPS Principles and Applications,北京,电子工业出版社, 2002.8
[5]王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛,差分GPS定位技术与应用,北京,电子工业出版社,1996.11
[6]许尤楠.GPS卫星的精密定轨模型、软件和测轨网布设研究.解放军出版社,1989
[7]王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛.差分GPS定位技术与应用.电子工业出版社,1996
[8]陈小明,刘基余.GPS动态定位的对流层改正模型导航,1996
[9]李景春,刘灿新,正确认识扩频通信系统,北京,中国无线电管理,2001年地10期
[10]朱近康,扩展频谱通信及其应用,北京:中国电子科技大学出版社,1993
[11]言中,丁子明.卫星无线电导航.人民邮电出版社,1987
[12]施一民.现代大地控制测量.测绘出版社,2003
[13] Elsa Mohino, Mauricio Gende, Claudio Brunini, Miguel Heraiz. SiGOG: simulated GPS observation generator. GPS solute, 2005
[14] Sandra Verhagen. Performance Analysis of GPS, Galileo and Integrated GPS-Galileo.2005
[15]叶淦华,FPGA嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例,北京:中国电力出版社2005
[16]任晓东,文博,CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南,电子工业出版社,2003
[17]徐志军,徐光辉,CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用,电子工业出版社,2002 [18」袁仕耿.星座设计.中国空间技术研究院硕士论文,1996
[19] Lachapelle G. GPS Theory and Applications. University of Calgary,2000
[20] Scott Meyers. Effective STL:50 Specific ways to Improve Your Use of the StandardTemplate Library.Addison Wesley, 2001
[21]杨剑,王泽民,孟映,委民正.GLONASS卫星轨道积分算法分析.武汉大学学报信息科学版,2006, vo1.31(7)
[22]刘俊,张思东,张宏科.GPS系统建模与仿真技术研究.系统仿真学报,vo1.13(3),2001 [23」周善石,王解先.GPS广播星历与历书的精度比较.工程勘察,2006, No.9
[24]张伯,常青,张其善,寇艳红,高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器导航电文生成.北京航空航天大学学报,vol.31(3) ,2002
[25]宋茂忠,一种新颖的四天线时空调制通信定位综合化系统,高技术通讯,2002
[26]宋茂忠,许综泽,一种新颖的四进制八相时空调制通信定位综合化系统,应用科学学报,2002,20(4):404～408
[27]叶淦华,FPGA嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例,北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[28]飞思科技产品研究研发中心,MATLAB7辅助信号处理技术与应用,北京:电子工业,2001
[29]王洪元,MATLAB语言及其在电子信息工程中的应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[30] Kuroda, T.Saito, T.Takada, M.Yamada, O., Digital modulation scheme for FM multiplex broadcasting with mobile reception, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1 (Communications), 1993, 76, 10:68~79
[31] Zagrobelny, T., Digital multiplex systems, Wiadomosci Telekomunikacyjne, 1990, 30, 1-2:10-16
[32] Abe, M.Sibata, T.Yamazaki, T.Toyoda, M.Murakami, T., Realization of digital circuit multiplex equipment (DCME), KDD Technical Journal, 1989, 142:76~82
[33]胡光书,数字信号处理理论,算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[34]杨川,王永生,万天才,范麟,GPS卫星导航接收机RF电路的设计,微电学报,Vol.35,No.1,2005.2
[35]樊昌信,徐炳详,吴成柯,通信原理,北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[36]张贤达,保铮,通信信号处理,北京:国防工业出版社,2000.12
[37]陈亚勇等,MATLAB信号处理详解,北京:人民邮电出版社2001.9
[38] Auton, J.R. and J. Cruz. Simulating GPS Receiver Measurement Errors, Proceeding of ION GPS 96, Kansas City, Missouri, Sept. 17-20, 2003
[39] Rothacher, M.and L.Mervant(eds.). Bernese GPS Software Version 4.0, Astronomical Institute, Universitv of Bern, Swizerland, Sent. 2006
[40]程佩青,数字信号处理教程(第二版),北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[41]曹志刚,现代通信原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1992,8