贵金属纳米粒子光学性质的研究
摘要
本文主要研究了银纳米粒子的光学性质。贵金属纳米粒子的光学性质主要由其LSPR性质决定,所以我们详细研究了银纳米粒子的LSPR性质。我们首先选取了一定范围粒径和厚度的圆盘银纳米粒子,一共80个取样点,使用离散偶极近似的方法(DDA)进行了计算,得到了纳米粒子在不同的共振模式下的消光和散射峰随粒径和厚度以及径高比的变化规律,并根据从实验合成的纳米粒子的TEM照片中得到的厚度和粒径的信息,结合计算所对应的结果,对纳米粒子的消光光谱进行了加权拟合,得到了一个理论模拟的消光光谱,然后与实验测量得到的消光光谱进行了比较,并对误差进行了分析。在理论分析中我们发现,纳米粒子的散射光谱与消光光谱的变化并不是同步的,再加上实际应用上的需求,我们提出了一种在实验上测量纳米粒子散射光谱的方法。根据分析,我们需要参比材料对其光谱进行校正,我们制备了三种不同的参比材料,比较了其优劣,并使用其中一种参比材料测量了三种不同形状的纳米粒子的散射光谱,在分别测量其消光光谱后,在实验上得到了各自的包含消光、散射和吸收的光谱曲线。
Our primary research falls on the optical properties of silver nanoparticles. Optical properties of noble metallic nanoparticles are mainly decided by their Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) behaviors so we study the LSPR properties of silver nanoparticle in detail. We choose a series of silver nanodisks with length varies from 10nm to 14nm, 1nm increment and diameter varies from 20nm to 50nm,2nm increment, and 80 sampling points in all. We firstly calculate the extinction and scattering spectrum of the above nanoparticles in different resonance modes via Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method. The results show the changes of extinction and scattering spectrum of silver nanodisks along the length, diameter and aspect ratio in different resonance modes. We count the number of nanodisks in a TEM picture and according to the diameter and length data we calculate the extinction spectrum using the above calculated results. After that, we compared this extinction spectrum with the one got from experiment and analyze the deviation. From the calculation results we found that the change of extinction and scattering spectrum is not synchronous. Additionally, some practical applications also need the scattering information in experimental level. So we bring forward a new experiment method used to research on the scattering properties of noble metallic nanoparticles. After some theoretical analysis, we prepared three kinds of reference materials and compared them in quality. Using one of the reference materials, we measure the scattering spectrum of three kinds of nanoparticles with different shapes. Adding up the extinction spectrum, we got the extinction, scattering and absorbance spectrum in on figure expediently.
Our primary research falls on the optical properties of silver nanoparticles. Optical properties of noble metallic nanoparticles are mainly decided by their Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) behaviors so we study the LSPR properties of silver nanoparticle in detail. We choose a series of silver nanodisks with length varies from 10nm to 14nm, 1nm increment and diameter varies from 20nm to 50nm,2nm increment, and 80 sampling points in all. We firstly calculate the extinction and scattering spectrum of the above nanoparticles in different resonance modes via Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method. The results show the changes of extinction and scattering spectrum of silver nanodisks along the length, diameter and aspect ratio in different resonance modes. We count the number of nanodisks in a TEM picture and according to the diameter and length data we calculate the extinction spectrum using the above calculated results. After that, we compared this extinction spectrum with the one got from experiment and analyze the deviation. From the calculation results we found that the change of extinction and scattering spectrum is not synchronous. Additionally, some practical applications also need the scattering information in experimental level. So we bring forward a new experiment method used to research on the scattering properties of noble metallic nanoparticles. After some theoretical analysis, we prepared three kinds of reference materials and compared them in quality. Using one of the reference materials, we measure the scattering spectrum of three kinds of nanoparticles with different shapes. Adding up the extinction spectrum, we got the extinction, scattering and absorbance spectrum in on figure expediently.
引文
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[50]Le TT, Saveyn P, Hoa HD, et al, Determination of heat-induced effects on the particle size distribution of casein micelles by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, International Dairy Journal 18 (2008) 1090-1096.
[51]Dai Q, Liu X, Coutts J, et al. A One-Step Highly Sensitive Method for DNA Detection Using Dynamic Light Scattering, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2008,130 (26), pp 8138-8139.
[52]He W, Huang CZ, Li YF, et al, One-Step Label-Free Optical Genosensing System for Sequence-Specific DNA Related to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Based on the Measurements of Light Scattering Signals of Gold Nanorods, Anal. Chem.2008,80,8424-8430.
[53]Xiang, MH; Xu, X; Liu, F, et al, Gold Nanoparticle Based Plasmon Resonance Light-Scattering Method as a New Approach for Glycogen-Biomacromolecule Interactions, J. Phys. Chem. B 2009,113,2734-2738.
[54]Hohenester U, Krenn JR, Surface-Plasmon Resonances in Single Metallic Nanoparticles, Physical Review Letter volume 80, number 19.
[55]Raschke, G; Kowarik, S; Franzl, T, et al, Biomolecular Recognition Based on Single Gold Nanoparticle Light Scattering, NANO LETTERS 2003 Vol.3, No. 7 935-938.
[56]Sonnichsen C, Geier S, Hecker NE, et al. Spectroscopy of single metallic nanoparticles using total internal reflectionmicroscopy, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, No.19,6 November 2000.
[57]Lichtenfeld H, Stechemesser H, Mohwald H, Single particle light-scattering photometry—some fields of application, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 276 (2004) 97-105.
[58]Tseng CC, Chang CP, Sung Y, Ou JL, Ger MD, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 333 (2009) 138-144.
[59]Hari Bala, Wuyou Fu, Jingzhe Zhao, Xuefeng Ding, Yanqiu Jiang,Kaifeng Yu, Zichen Wang. "Preparation of BaSO4 nanoparticles with self-dispersing properties". Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects.2005, 129-134.
[2]An J.,Jang B.,Zheng X.L.J. Phys. Chem. C 2008,112,15176-15182.
[3]Chen,Y.; Wang, C. G.; Ma, Z. F. Nanotechnology 2007,18,325602-325606.
[4]Geddes C. D.,Parfenov, A., Lakowicz, J. R. Applied Spectroscopy 2003,57, 526-53.
[5]Ray K.,Badugu, R., Lakowicz, J. R. Chem. Mater.2007,19,5902-5909.
[6]Seidel J.,Grafstrm S.,Eng, L. Physical Review Letters 2005,94,177401.
[7]Willets K.A.,Van Duyne R. P. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.2007.58:267-29.
[8]Lyon L.A.,Musick, M. D.; Natan, M. J. Anal. Chem.1998,70,5177-5183.
[9]Ladd, J.; Boozer, C.; Yu, Q. M. Langmiur 2004,20,8090-8095.
[10]Toderas F., Baia M., Baia,L. Nanotechnology 2007.18,255702-25570.
[11]G. Mie, Ann. d. Physik(4),25(1908),377.
[12]R.W.Hart, E.W.Montroll,J. Appl. Phys.,22(1951),376.
[13]E. W. Montrol and R. W. Hart,ibid.,22(1951),1278.
[14]E. W. Montrol and J.M.Greenberg, Phys. Rev.,86(1952),889.
[15]R. Gans, Ann. d. Physik, (4),37(1912),881.
[16]F. Moglich, Ann. d. Physik, (4),83(1927),609.
[17]W. Seitz, Physik, (4),16(1905),746.
[18]W. v. Ignatowsky, Physik, (4),18(1905),495.
[19]C. Schaeffer and F. Grossmann, Physik, (4),31(1910),455.
[20]Willets, K. A.; Van Duyne, R. P. Rev. Phys. Chem.2007,58,267-297.
[21]Link S.; El-Sayed, M. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999,103,8410-842.
[22]Chumanov, G.; Sokolov, K.; Cotton, T. M. J. Phys. Chem.1996,100, 5166-5168.
[23]Zaitoun, M. A.; Mason W. R.; Lin, C. T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001,105, 6780-6784.
[24]Nath, N.; Chilkoti, A. Journal of Fluorescence 2004,14,377-389.
[25]Zeman, E. J.; Schatz, G. C. J. Phys. Chem.1987,91,634-643.
[26]Daniel, M. C.; Astruc, D. D. Chem. Rev.2004,104,293-346.
[27]Reynolds, R. A.; Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2000,122, 3795-3796.
[28]Kottmann, J. P. Phys. Rev. B 2001,64,235402..
[29]Orendorff, C. J.; Gole, A.; Sau, T. K. Anal. Chem.2005,77,3261-3266.
[30]Kimling, J.; Maier, M.; Okenve, B. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006,110,15700-15707.
[31]Su, K. H.; Wei, Q. H.; Zhang X. Nano Lett.2003,3,1087-1090.
[32]Mangeney, C.; Ferrage, F.; Aujard, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002,124,5811-5821.
[33]Nath,N.; Chilkoti, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2001,123,8197-8202.
[34]Underwood, S.; Mulveney, P. Langmuir 1994,10,3427-3430.
[35]H. DeVoe, Optical properties of molecular aggregates. Ⅰ. Classical model of electronic absorption and refraction, J. Chem. Phys.41,393-400 (1964).
[36]E. M.Purcell and C. R. Pennypacker (1973). Scattering and absorption of light by nonspherical dielectric grains,Astrophysical Journal:186:705..
[37]Draine,B.T., and P.J. Flatau (1994). Discrete dipole approximation for scattering calculations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11:1491-1499.
[38]Draine, B.T., and Flatau, P.J.2008, "The discrete dipole approximation for periodic targets:Theory and tests", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A,25,2693-2703.
[39]Draine, B.T., and Flatau, P.J.2008,"User Guide for the Discrete Dipole Approximation Code DDSCAT 7.0",http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.0337v4.
[40]Draine, B.T.,& Goodman, J.1993, "Beyond Clausius-Mossotti:Wave Propagation on a Polarizable Point Lattice and the Discrete Dipole Approximation". Astrophys. J.405,685.
[41]Draine, B.T.2000, "Gamma Ray Bursts in Molecular Clouds:H2 Absorption and Fluorescence", Astrophys. J.,532,273-280.
[42]Chen,S.;Fan,Z.;Carroll,D.L.J.Phys.Chem.B 2002,106,10777.
[43]Encai Hao,K.Lance Kelly,Joseph T.Hupp,and George C.Schatz J.Am.Chem.Soc.2002,124,15182..
[44]Chen,Y.B.,Chen,L.,Wu,L.M.Inorg Chem,2005,44,9817.
[45](a)Jiang,X.;Zeng,Q.;Yu,A.Langmuir 007,23,2218.(b)Zeng,Q.;.Jiang, X.;Yu,A.;Lu,G.Nanotechnology 2007,18,035708(1.7)(c)Jiang,X.;Zeng,Q.; Yu,A.Nanotechnology 2006,174929.
[46]Jing An, Bin Tang, Xianliang Zheng, Ji Zhou, Fengxia Dong, Shuping Xu, Ye Wang, Bing Zhao, and Weiqing Xu, J. Phys. Chem. C 2008,112,15176-15182.
[47]Edward,D.Palik.Handbook of optical constants of solids M.Orlando,Florida:Academic Press,1985..
[48]Encai Hao, George C. Schatz, and Joseph T. Hupp, Journal of Fluorescence, Vol.14,No.4,July 2004.
[49]James D. Ingle.Jr Stanly R.Crouch著,张寒琦,王芬蒂,施文译,光谱分析化学,吉林大学出版社.
[50]Le TT, Saveyn P, Hoa HD, et al, Determination of heat-induced effects on the particle size distribution of casein micelles by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, International Dairy Journal 18 (2008) 1090-1096.
[51]Dai Q, Liu X, Coutts J, et al. A One-Step Highly Sensitive Method for DNA Detection Using Dynamic Light Scattering, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2008,130 (26), pp 8138-8139.
[52]He W, Huang CZ, Li YF, et al, One-Step Label-Free Optical Genosensing System for Sequence-Specific DNA Related to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Based on the Measurements of Light Scattering Signals of Gold Nanorods, Anal. Chem.2008,80,8424-8430.
[53]Xiang, MH; Xu, X; Liu, F, et al, Gold Nanoparticle Based Plasmon Resonance Light-Scattering Method as a New Approach for Glycogen-Biomacromolecule Interactions, J. Phys. Chem. B 2009,113,2734-2738.
[54]Hohenester U, Krenn JR, Surface-Plasmon Resonances in Single Metallic Nanoparticles, Physical Review Letter volume 80, number 19.
[55]Raschke, G; Kowarik, S; Franzl, T, et al, Biomolecular Recognition Based on Single Gold Nanoparticle Light Scattering, NANO LETTERS 2003 Vol.3, No. 7 935-938.
[56]Sonnichsen C, Geier S, Hecker NE, et al. Spectroscopy of single metallic nanoparticles using total internal reflectionmicroscopy, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, No.19,6 November 2000.
[57]Lichtenfeld H, Stechemesser H, Mohwald H, Single particle light-scattering photometry—some fields of application, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 276 (2004) 97-105.
[58]Tseng CC, Chang CP, Sung Y, Ou JL, Ger MD, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 333 (2009) 138-144.
[59]Hari Bala, Wuyou Fu, Jingzhe Zhao, Xuefeng Ding, Yanqiu Jiang,Kaifeng Yu, Zichen Wang. "Preparation of BaSO4 nanoparticles with self-dispersing properties". Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects.2005, 129-134.