炸药装药结构的易损性研究
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摘要
为提高武器弹药系统在战场上的生存能力和生产、运输及勤务处理的安全性，适应弹药在战场上所处的恶劣环境，武器及弹药的易损性问题已引起人们越来越多的关注，研制高性能低易损性的炸药成为炸药研究与发展的重要内容之一。本文的研究目的是寻找一种新的通过装药结构降低炸药易损性的技术途径。
本文通过对单基药、太根药和双铅推进剂能量性能的分析，确定分别以这三种含能材料作为主炸药，选择适合于不同装药的填充液。针对加入硝酸铵胶液的不同装药体系，导出了爆炸性能参量的理论估算式。采用见证板法和电离导电法，得到了不同装药结构对爆轰性能的影响规律：1)颗粒状单基药经过钝感包覆，装药在不小于φ50mm的壳体内不加胶液爆轰不完全，加胶液时爆轰完全；2)管状与颗粒状单基药装药有类似的效果；3)钝感的太根药经过氧化剂混合水溶液预先浸泡，在φ110mm壳体内，横排排列结构时未加胶液爆轰不完全，加入胶液爆轰完全，而装药随意排列、竖排排列无论是否加胶爆轰都不完全；4)双铅推进剂装药轴向空隙(2mm)未明显影响装药的稳定爆轰，而径向空隙与装药药段长，尤其传爆端药段长，明显影响爆轰的稳定性，根据实验结果得出了一定范围内非整体式装药爆速与径向空隙、药段长的关系式。
本文对双铅推进剂不同装药结构的爆轰性能进行了数值模拟。在基本假定基础上，建立了离散差分格式，编制了炸药装药爆轰及传爆过程数值模拟软件，利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA的爆炸分析功能对TNT和B炸药的爆轰与传爆过程及爆速进行了分析，证明其可靠性，运用修正后的参数对双铅推进剂和硝酸铵胶体混合装药结构的爆轰及传爆过程进行了模拟和计算，模拟与实验结果基本相符。同时对混合装药结构的传爆、迟滞和熄爆进行了初步探讨。
本文研究表明：采用合理的装药结构可以降低炸药装药的易损性。如果与低易损性炸药配方相结合，可以得到性能更加优良、易损性更低的炸药。
The vulnerability of weapon and ammunition has been attracting more and more researcher's attention in order to improve their system survival in battlefield and security of production, transport and service management, and to adapt to scurvy surrounding of ammunition in battlefield. One of important directions on explosive research and development is to reduce its vulnerability. This paper aims to look for a new approach to reduce vulnerability of explosive through charge structure.
In this dissertation, energy performance of single-base propellants, triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGN ) propellants and double-lead-propellants (double-base-propellants with lead oxide) were analyzed, and they were served respectively for main explosive charge. Fillings fitted for different charge were chosen. Theoritical formulae for estimated parameters of detonation performance were derived for different charge filled with oxidant gel solution. The influence of different charge structure on detonation were studied through witness steel-plate and ionization method: 1) deterrent-coated granular charge of single-base propellants was exploded incompletely, and filled with oxidant gel solution was exploded completely in not less than φ 50mm shell. 2) Tube charge of single-base propellants had similar effect with granular ones. 3) Insensitive TEGN propellants were immerged by aqueous solution of oxidant in advance. And then it was arranged by the way of landscape orientation in φ 110mm shell, if oxidant gel solution was not filled ,it was detonation incompletely, and if oxidant gel was filled, it was detonation completely. However, if charge was arranged in φ 110mm shell at random or by the way of vertical, it was detonation incompletely no matter whether the oxidant gel solution was filled. 4) Steady detonation of charge was not affected by axial clearances (the size 2mm) of double-lead-propellants charge, but the detonation stability was affected greatly by charge radial clearance size and segments length, especially one of the end near the booster. From the experimental result, the function of detonation velocity with segment length and clearance size was obtained for non-whole charge in a definite range.
The detonation property of varies charge structure of double-lead-propellants were simulated. Based on the basic assumption, discrete difference format was set up and the numerical simulation software to simulating the process of explosive detonation and spread of its detonation wave was programmed. The detonation process, spread for detonation wave and detonation velocity of TNT and explosive B were analyzed using explosive analyzing function of ANSYS/LSDYNA, and reliability of software was proved. The detonation and spread processes of different charge structure of double-lead-propellant as
本文通过对单基药、太根药和双铅推进剂能量性能的分析，确定分别以这三种含能材料作为主炸药，选择适合于不同装药的填充液。针对加入硝酸铵胶液的不同装药体系，导出了爆炸性能参量的理论估算式。采用见证板法和电离导电法，得到了不同装药结构对爆轰性能的影响规律：1)颗粒状单基药经过钝感包覆，装药在不小于φ50mm的壳体内不加胶液爆轰不完全，加胶液时爆轰完全；2)管状与颗粒状单基药装药有类似的效果；3)钝感的太根药经过氧化剂混合水溶液预先浸泡，在φ110mm壳体内，横排排列结构时未加胶液爆轰不完全，加入胶液爆轰完全，而装药随意排列、竖排排列无论是否加胶爆轰都不完全；4)双铅推进剂装药轴向空隙(2mm)未明显影响装药的稳定爆轰，而径向空隙与装药药段长，尤其传爆端药段长，明显影响爆轰的稳定性，根据实验结果得出了一定范围内非整体式装药爆速与径向空隙、药段长的关系式。
本文对双铅推进剂不同装药结构的爆轰性能进行了数值模拟。在基本假定基础上，建立了离散差分格式，编制了炸药装药爆轰及传爆过程数值模拟软件，利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA的爆炸分析功能对TNT和B炸药的爆轰与传爆过程及爆速进行了分析，证明其可靠性，运用修正后的参数对双铅推进剂和硝酸铵胶体混合装药结构的爆轰及传爆过程进行了模拟和计算，模拟与实验结果基本相符。同时对混合装药结构的传爆、迟滞和熄爆进行了初步探讨。
本文研究表明：采用合理的装药结构可以降低炸药装药的易损性。如果与低易损性炸药配方相结合，可以得到性能更加优良、易损性更低的炸药。
The vulnerability of weapon and ammunition has been attracting more and more researcher's attention in order to improve their system survival in battlefield and security of production, transport and service management, and to adapt to scurvy surrounding of ammunition in battlefield. One of important directions on explosive research and development is to reduce its vulnerability. This paper aims to look for a new approach to reduce vulnerability of explosive through charge structure.
In this dissertation, energy performance of single-base propellants, triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGN ) propellants and double-lead-propellants (double-base-propellants with lead oxide) were analyzed, and they were served respectively for main explosive charge. Fillings fitted for different charge were chosen. Theoritical formulae for estimated parameters of detonation performance were derived for different charge filled with oxidant gel solution. The influence of different charge structure on detonation were studied through witness steel-plate and ionization method: 1) deterrent-coated granular charge of single-base propellants was exploded incompletely, and filled with oxidant gel solution was exploded completely in not less than φ 50mm shell. 2) Tube charge of single-base propellants had similar effect with granular ones. 3) Insensitive TEGN propellants were immerged by aqueous solution of oxidant in advance. And then it was arranged by the way of landscape orientation in φ 110mm shell, if oxidant gel solution was not filled ,it was detonation incompletely, and if oxidant gel was filled, it was detonation completely. However, if charge was arranged in φ 110mm shell at random or by the way of vertical, it was detonation incompletely no matter whether the oxidant gel solution was filled. 4) Steady detonation of charge was not affected by axial clearances (the size 2mm) of double-lead-propellants charge, but the detonation stability was affected greatly by charge radial clearance size and segments length, especially one of the end near the booster. From the experimental result, the function of detonation velocity with segment length and clearance size was obtained for non-whole charge in a definite range.
The detonation property of varies charge structure of double-lead-propellants were simulated. Based on the basic assumption, discrete difference format was set up and the numerical simulation software to simulating the process of explosive detonation and spread of its detonation wave was programmed. The detonation process, spread for detonation wave and detonation velocity of TNT and explosive B were analyzed using explosive analyzing function of ANSYS/LSDYNA, and reliability of software was proved. The detonation and spread processes of different charge structure of double-lead-propellant as
引文
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