GTEM室对EUT辐射特性的影响及其新应用的研究
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摘要
GTEM室是20世纪80年代末产生的一种新型的电磁兼容测试场地。近年来在一些大型社会活动如2008年奥运会等中,GTEM室因其造价低、频带宽以及可移动性强等优点而被用于时效性较强的临场测试,越来越受到测试工作者的重视。GTEM室的应用范围也越来越广,应用领域也在不断扩展,如EMC测试、天线增益测试、电场探头校准等等。本论文围绕国家自然基金面上项目(编号60971069)：GTEM室对EUT辐射特性的影响及补偿方法研究而展开。论文的主要研究内容包括两方面：GTEM室对一些典型EUT辐射特性的影响和GTEM室的新应用。本论文不仅为完善目前的GTEM室的EMI测试技术奠定理论基础,还进一步拓展了GTEM室的应用领域。本论文的主要目的是促进GTEM室与EUT相互作用理论的深入研究,推动GTEM室在实际测试应用中得到更大的发展。
本论文的主要工作和创新点如下：
(1)推导出对称偶极天线在GTEM室中的输入阻抗计算公式,并与自由空间中的输入阻抗相比较,得到了一些阻抗变化规律。主要分析了阻抗变化值与天线长度、天线中心到中板的距离以及天线中心距GTEM室端口的距离之间的关系,这些规律的总结对GTEM室的EMI测试具有一定的指导意义。本研究内容为GTEM室的EMI测试的进一步完善奠定基础,为其测试补偿提供相关的理论依据。
(2)采用基于有限元法的HFSS电磁仿真软件对GTEM室进行建模,并从理论和实验两方面证实仿真的可靠性。尽管目前有些文章采用不同的电磁学计算方法如FDTD法、TLM法等对GTEM室进行仿真建模,但要采用这些方法复现仿真是比较困难的,不仅需要深入理解相关方法的原理,还需要优化仿真程序,有些仿真甚至对末端采用实物仿真,这会花费大量的仿真时间,影响仿真效率。本论文采用HFSS仿真软件对GTEM室进行仿真建模,可重复性强,仿真效率高。此外还通过仿真初步研究了环形磁偶极天线的阻抗变化规律。
(3)首次系统提出用GTEM室做电小尺寸散射体RCS测量的新方法,并将实验结果与理论结果相比较,证实了该方法的可靠性,为电磁散射测量提出了一条新途径。电磁散射测量一般在紧缩场和室外测试场中进行,两种场地的建设费用很高,最低下限频率是几十甚至几百兆赫兹。而GTEM室的造价低,占地面积小,可使用的频段从直流到几个吉赫兹,而且用GTEM室进行RCS测量的测试过程比较简单、方便。该测试技术具有较强的实用性,有很好的应用前景。该新测量技术既可用于一般电小尺寸散射体RCS测试,又可应用于UHF频段RFID无源标签的Delta RCS测量。将GTEM室中的DeltaRCS测量结果与暗室中的测试结果相比较,两者吻合较好,体现了该技术的实用价值。
(4)给出用GTEM室测量圆极化天线的轴比和增益的方法,并测量了本论文提出的一种新型的通用RFID读写器圆极化天线。与暗室测试过程相比,用GTEM室进行天线测试的方法更为简便,不需要标准天线,尤其对于宽带天线测试,GTEM室更能体现出其优势。
GTEM cell is a new electromagnetic compatibility test site which appeared in the end of1980s. Recently in some large-scale activities such as2008Olympic Games, GTEM cell is applied to the spot test with strong real-time ability because of its advantages:low cost、wide band and strong mobility and so on. More attentions are paid to it by testers. The range of its application is becoming larger and application area is extended constantly, for example EMC test、antenna gain test、electric field probe calibration and so on. The dissertation is based on National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant60971069and it is centered on the relevant research projects of the founadtion. The name of the foundation is research on the impact of GTEM cell on EUT's radiation characteristics and its compensation method. The main research of the dissertation contains two aspects:the impact of GTEM cell on some typical EUT's radiation characteristics and new applications of GTEM cell. The dissertation not only establishes the base for futher improvement of EMI testing technique, but also furtherly expands application area of GTEM cell. The main purpose of this paper is promoting the theoretical research on the interplay between GTEM cell and EUT and pushing forward greater development of GTEM cell in practical test use.
The main work and creative points of the dissertation:
(1) The input impedance of symmetrical dipole antenna in GTEM cell is derived in this dissertation and compared with the input impedance of it in free space, the features of the change between them are obtained. The relationship of the change of input impedance with three parameters which are the length of antenna、the distance from the center of antenna to the septum of GTEM cell and the distance between the center of antenna and the port is mainly analyzed. The conclusions can give some guidelines to the EMI measurement in GTEM cell. This research establishes the base for further improvements of EMI measurement in GTEM cell and provides theoretical basis for test compensation.
(2) HFSS electromagnetic simulation software based on FEM is employed to model and simulate GTEM cell and the reliability of the simulation is verified from theory and experiment aspects. Although some papers use different electromagnetic calculation methods like FDTD method、TLM method and so on to simulate GTEM cell, it is very difficult to duplicate them because we not only need deeply understand the theory of the methods, but also optimize simulation program. Some simulations even use realistic simulation to simulate the end of GTEM cell, and this costs lots of simulation time and affects simulation efficiency. The repeatability and efficiency of using HFSS software to simulate GTEM cell is very well. Besides the features of the change between the input impedance of ring antenna in GTEM cell and in free space are studied preliminarily through simulation.
(3) The new method of using GTEM cell to measure RCS of electrically small scatterers is first put forward in detail. The well agreement between experiment results and theoretical results valids the reliability of it and it provides a new path for electromagnetic scattering measurement. Traditionally Compact Antenna Test Range and Outdoor Static Test Site are used to do electromagnetic scattering measurement, but the cost of the two sites is extremely high and the usable lowest frequency limit is tens of Megahertz or few hundred Megahertz. While the cost of GTEM cell is low, the volume of it is small, the usable frequency rang of it is from DC to several Gigahertz and the testing process of using GTEM cell to measure RCS is simpler and more convenient. The new test technique is with strong practicality and good application prospect. It not only can be applied to the measurement of the RCS of usual electrically small scatterers but also could be applied to the measurement of Delta RCS of UHF RFID passive tags. The well agreement between the test results of Delta RCS in GTEM cell and anechoic chamber reflects the practical value of this new test technique.
(4) Give out the method of using GTEM cell to measure the axial ratio and gain of circularly polarized antenna and a new universal RFID reader antenna with UHF frequency band which is desiged in the dissertation is measured using this method. Compared with the test process in anechoic chamber, the method of using GTEM cell to do antenna measurement is simpler without standard reference antenna. It can show advantages especially in the measurement of wideband antenna.
本论文的主要工作和创新点如下：
(1)推导出对称偶极天线在GTEM室中的输入阻抗计算公式,并与自由空间中的输入阻抗相比较,得到了一些阻抗变化规律。主要分析了阻抗变化值与天线长度、天线中心到中板的距离以及天线中心距GTEM室端口的距离之间的关系,这些规律的总结对GTEM室的EMI测试具有一定的指导意义。本研究内容为GTEM室的EMI测试的进一步完善奠定基础,为其测试补偿提供相关的理论依据。
(2)采用基于有限元法的HFSS电磁仿真软件对GTEM室进行建模,并从理论和实验两方面证实仿真的可靠性。尽管目前有些文章采用不同的电磁学计算方法如FDTD法、TLM法等对GTEM室进行仿真建模,但要采用这些方法复现仿真是比较困难的,不仅需要深入理解相关方法的原理,还需要优化仿真程序,有些仿真甚至对末端采用实物仿真,这会花费大量的仿真时间,影响仿真效率。本论文采用HFSS仿真软件对GTEM室进行仿真建模,可重复性强,仿真效率高。此外还通过仿真初步研究了环形磁偶极天线的阻抗变化规律。
(3)首次系统提出用GTEM室做电小尺寸散射体RCS测量的新方法,并将实验结果与理论结果相比较,证实了该方法的可靠性,为电磁散射测量提出了一条新途径。电磁散射测量一般在紧缩场和室外测试场中进行,两种场地的建设费用很高,最低下限频率是几十甚至几百兆赫兹。而GTEM室的造价低,占地面积小,可使用的频段从直流到几个吉赫兹,而且用GTEM室进行RCS测量的测试过程比较简单、方便。该测试技术具有较强的实用性,有很好的应用前景。该新测量技术既可用于一般电小尺寸散射体RCS测试,又可应用于UHF频段RFID无源标签的Delta RCS测量。将GTEM室中的DeltaRCS测量结果与暗室中的测试结果相比较,两者吻合较好,体现了该技术的实用价值。
(4)给出用GTEM室测量圆极化天线的轴比和增益的方法,并测量了本论文提出的一种新型的通用RFID读写器圆极化天线。与暗室测试过程相比,用GTEM室进行天线测试的方法更为简便,不需要标准天线,尤其对于宽带天线测试,GTEM室更能体现出其优势。
GTEM cell is a new electromagnetic compatibility test site which appeared in the end of1980s. Recently in some large-scale activities such as2008Olympic Games, GTEM cell is applied to the spot test with strong real-time ability because of its advantages:low cost、wide band and strong mobility and so on. More attentions are paid to it by testers. The range of its application is becoming larger and application area is extended constantly, for example EMC test、antenna gain test、electric field probe calibration and so on. The dissertation is based on National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant60971069and it is centered on the relevant research projects of the founadtion. The name of the foundation is research on the impact of GTEM cell on EUT's radiation characteristics and its compensation method. The main research of the dissertation contains two aspects:the impact of GTEM cell on some typical EUT's radiation characteristics and new applications of GTEM cell. The dissertation not only establishes the base for futher improvement of EMI testing technique, but also furtherly expands application area of GTEM cell. The main purpose of this paper is promoting the theoretical research on the interplay between GTEM cell and EUT and pushing forward greater development of GTEM cell in practical test use.
The main work and creative points of the dissertation:
(1) The input impedance of symmetrical dipole antenna in GTEM cell is derived in this dissertation and compared with the input impedance of it in free space, the features of the change between them are obtained. The relationship of the change of input impedance with three parameters which are the length of antenna、the distance from the center of antenna to the septum of GTEM cell and the distance between the center of antenna and the port is mainly analyzed. The conclusions can give some guidelines to the EMI measurement in GTEM cell. This research establishes the base for further improvements of EMI measurement in GTEM cell and provides theoretical basis for test compensation.
(2) HFSS electromagnetic simulation software based on FEM is employed to model and simulate GTEM cell and the reliability of the simulation is verified from theory and experiment aspects. Although some papers use different electromagnetic calculation methods like FDTD method、TLM method and so on to simulate GTEM cell, it is very difficult to duplicate them because we not only need deeply understand the theory of the methods, but also optimize simulation program. Some simulations even use realistic simulation to simulate the end of GTEM cell, and this costs lots of simulation time and affects simulation efficiency. The repeatability and efficiency of using HFSS software to simulate GTEM cell is very well. Besides the features of the change between the input impedance of ring antenna in GTEM cell and in free space are studied preliminarily through simulation.
(3) The new method of using GTEM cell to measure RCS of electrically small scatterers is first put forward in detail. The well agreement between experiment results and theoretical results valids the reliability of it and it provides a new path for electromagnetic scattering measurement. Traditionally Compact Antenna Test Range and Outdoor Static Test Site are used to do electromagnetic scattering measurement, but the cost of the two sites is extremely high and the usable lowest frequency limit is tens of Megahertz or few hundred Megahertz. While the cost of GTEM cell is low, the volume of it is small, the usable frequency rang of it is from DC to several Gigahertz and the testing process of using GTEM cell to measure RCS is simpler and more convenient. The new test technique is with strong practicality and good application prospect. It not only can be applied to the measurement of the RCS of usual electrically small scatterers but also could be applied to the measurement of Delta RCS of UHF RFID passive tags. The well agreement between the test results of Delta RCS in GTEM cell and anechoic chamber reflects the practical value of this new test technique.
(4) Give out the method of using GTEM cell to measure the axial ratio and gain of circularly polarized antenna and a new universal RFID reader antenna with UHF frequency band which is desiged in the dissertation is measured using this method. Compared with the test process in anechoic chamber, the method of using GTEM cell to do antenna measurement is simpler without standard reference antenna. It can show advantages especially in the measurement of wideband antenna.
引文
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