合金元素添加对TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料组织和性能的影响
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摘要
本文采用熔铸法制备了自生TiC颗粒增强Ti6A14V基复合材料,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、磨损实验机、万能材料实验机和电化学工作站等分析测试手段,研究了C含量变化、添加合金元素B、Zr和Y对复合材料组织、磨损性能、压缩性能和电化学腐蚀行为的影响。
研究结果表明,与基体合金Ti6A14V相比,TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料的磨损性能、压缩性能显著提升,但是复合材料的耐腐蚀性要比基体合金差。
TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料的性能与增强相TiC的含量和形貌有直接关系。随着C含量增多,复合材料中的TiC量增多,耐磨性能提高。添加微量合金元素(B、Zr和Y)可使TiC枝晶细化,使得参与摩擦的TiC颗粒变小,复合材料的耐磨性变差；适量Zr和Y元素的添加会引起TiC枝晶粗大,适量的B添加会使复合材料中有TiB生成,它们均会使得参与摩擦的增强相增多,从而改善复合材料的耐磨性。Hank's液润滑能显著改善复合材料的耐磨性。
随着C含量的增多,TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料能更好的承受载荷,室温压缩性能上升。加入微量合金元素(B、Zr和Y)时,TiC枝晶的破碎有利于提高复合材料的压缩性能；当加入适量的Zr、Y元素时,TiC枝晶变得发达,易引起应力集中,使复合材料的压缩性能下降,而加入适量的B元素时,生成的TiB促使其压缩性能继续提高。复合材料的断裂表现为典型的脆性断裂。
TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随C量的增多而变差。加入微量合金元素(B、Zr和Y)时,TiC枝晶的破碎加大了增强体与界面的接触面积,使复合材料的耐腐蚀性能变差；加入适量Zr、Y元素时,变得粗大的TiC枝晶与界面接触面积变小,使复合材料的耐腐蚀性能变好,添加适量B元素时,新生成的TiB又加重了对基体表面钝化膜的破坏,从而使复合材料的耐腐蚀性能继续变差。
In this paper, TiC particles reinforced Ti6A14V matrix composites had been fabricated using in-situ melting-casting process.The effect of C content and elements addition of B, Zr and Y on wear performance, compression performance and electrochemical corrosion of composites had been studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), wear testing machine, universal material testing machine and electrochemical workstation.
The results showed that TiC/Ti6A14V composites had better wear properties and compression properties than matrix alloy Ti6A14V. They showed that composites had better mechanical properties than matrix alloy. However, the corrosion resistance of composites was poorer than that of the matrix alloy.
Properties of TiC/Ti6A14V matrix composites contacted with the content and morphology of enhanced phase TiC.TiC increased as the C content increased, and wear rate declined gradually. So wear resistance of composites improved. TiC dendrite fractured and became small when a small amount of alloying elements (B, Zr and Y) were added.And the TiC particles involving in wear were fewer, so wear resistance of composites declined; TiC dendrites were laeger(Adding Zr and Y) and TiB(Adding B) formed when appropriate elements were added.Therefor particles involving in wear increased and the wear resistance of composites improved. Hank's liquid lubrication could improve the wear resistance of composites significantly.
With the increasing of TiC, TiC/Ti6A14V composites could bear the load better, so its compression performance at room temperature increased. Adding a small amount of elements (B, Zr and Y), which made TiC dendrite fracture and it is very helpful to improve the compression properties of composites. TiC dendrite became coarse and led to stress concentration easily When appropriate amount of Zr, Y element were added. So compressive properties of composites decreased. Adding the appropriate amount of B element would generate TiB, so compression performance of composites continued to improve. Fracture type of composites was typical brittle fracture.
TiC/Ti6Al4V composites with the increasing of TiC could destroy the passivation film of the matrix alloy surface, so the corrosion resistance of composites declined. Adding a small amount of elements (B, Zr and Y), which made TiC dendrite fracture, and contact area between reinforced phase and matrix alloy increased, so the corrosion resistance of composites declined. When added an appropriate amount of Zr, Y element, TiC dendrite became coarse. And contact area between reinforced phase and matrix alloy became smaller, so the corrosion resistance of composites increased. Adding the appropriate amount of B element would generate TiB, so the passivation film of the matrix alloy surface was destroyed badly. Accordingly the corrosion resistance of composites continued to decrease.
研究结果表明,与基体合金Ti6A14V相比,TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料的磨损性能、压缩性能显著提升,但是复合材料的耐腐蚀性要比基体合金差。
TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料的性能与增强相TiC的含量和形貌有直接关系。随着C含量增多,复合材料中的TiC量增多,耐磨性能提高。添加微量合金元素(B、Zr和Y)可使TiC枝晶细化,使得参与摩擦的TiC颗粒变小,复合材料的耐磨性变差；适量Zr和Y元素的添加会引起TiC枝晶粗大,适量的B添加会使复合材料中有TiB生成,它们均会使得参与摩擦的增强相增多,从而改善复合材料的耐磨性。Hank's液润滑能显著改善复合材料的耐磨性。
随着C含量的增多,TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料能更好的承受载荷,室温压缩性能上升。加入微量合金元素(B、Zr和Y)时,TiC枝晶的破碎有利于提高复合材料的压缩性能；当加入适量的Zr、Y元素时,TiC枝晶变得发达,易引起应力集中,使复合材料的压缩性能下降,而加入适量的B元素时,生成的TiB促使其压缩性能继续提高。复合材料的断裂表现为典型的脆性断裂。
TiC/Ti6A14V复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随C量的增多而变差。加入微量合金元素(B、Zr和Y)时,TiC枝晶的破碎加大了增强体与界面的接触面积,使复合材料的耐腐蚀性能变差；加入适量Zr、Y元素时,变得粗大的TiC枝晶与界面接触面积变小,使复合材料的耐腐蚀性能变好,添加适量B元素时,新生成的TiB又加重了对基体表面钝化膜的破坏,从而使复合材料的耐腐蚀性能继续变差。
In this paper, TiC particles reinforced Ti6A14V matrix composites had been fabricated using in-situ melting-casting process.The effect of C content and elements addition of B, Zr and Y on wear performance, compression performance and electrochemical corrosion of composites had been studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), wear testing machine, universal material testing machine and electrochemical workstation.
The results showed that TiC/Ti6A14V composites had better wear properties and compression properties than matrix alloy Ti6A14V. They showed that composites had better mechanical properties than matrix alloy. However, the corrosion resistance of composites was poorer than that of the matrix alloy.
Properties of TiC/Ti6A14V matrix composites contacted with the content and morphology of enhanced phase TiC.TiC increased as the C content increased, and wear rate declined gradually. So wear resistance of composites improved. TiC dendrite fractured and became small when a small amount of alloying elements (B, Zr and Y) were added.And the TiC particles involving in wear were fewer, so wear resistance of composites declined; TiC dendrites were laeger(Adding Zr and Y) and TiB(Adding B) formed when appropriate elements were added.Therefor particles involving in wear increased and the wear resistance of composites improved. Hank's liquid lubrication could improve the wear resistance of composites significantly.
With the increasing of TiC, TiC/Ti6A14V composites could bear the load better, so its compression performance at room temperature increased. Adding a small amount of elements (B, Zr and Y), which made TiC dendrite fracture and it is very helpful to improve the compression properties of composites. TiC dendrite became coarse and led to stress concentration easily When appropriate amount of Zr, Y element were added. So compressive properties of composites decreased. Adding the appropriate amount of B element would generate TiB, so compression performance of composites continued to improve. Fracture type of composites was typical brittle fracture.
TiC/Ti6Al4V composites with the increasing of TiC could destroy the passivation film of the matrix alloy surface, so the corrosion resistance of composites declined. Adding a small amount of elements (B, Zr and Y), which made TiC dendrite fracture, and contact area between reinforced phase and matrix alloy increased, so the corrosion resistance of composites declined. When added an appropriate amount of Zr, Y element, TiC dendrite became coarse. And contact area between reinforced phase and matrix alloy became smaller, so the corrosion resistance of composites increased. Adding the appropriate amount of B element would generate TiB, so the passivation film of the matrix alloy surface was destroyed badly. Accordingly the corrosion resistance of composites continued to decrease.
引文
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