加氢裂化空冷器系统中复合缓蚀剂的性能研究
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摘要
加氢裂化空冷器是化学工业中炼油领域广泛应用的实际体系,也是对金属设备造成严重腐蚀破坏的体系。研究加氢裂化空冷器的腐蚀及防护措施,具有重要的现实意义。本文根据中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司加氢裂化加压空冷器实际腐蚀介质和运营工况,选取模拟加氢裂化加压空冷器腐蚀溶液作为腐蚀介质进行可行性分析及论证,考察了不同的工艺条件如温度、pH、缓蚀剂浓度等对碳钢腐蚀的影响。主要研究工作如下:
一、碳钢在腐蚀溶液中的腐蚀测试
1、在氯化铵-硫氢化铵体系中考察了不同工艺条件对碳钢腐蚀的影响,研究结果表明:10~#钢和N80钢的年腐蚀速率都会随着温度的升高而显著增大,而且温度越高腐蚀速率升高得越快。另外,低温时(低于50℃)腐蚀速率曲线随着温度的降低下降得比较明显。
2、在pH较高(9～10)时,碳钢的腐蚀速率明显降低,这是因为在高pH值下,H_2S可以完全解离并形成较为完整的硫化铁保护膜,从而产生有利的保护效果。二、缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能研究1、利用在线腐蚀监测实验装置,模拟加氢裂化加压空冷器中的腐蚀溶液,研究了多硫化钠、钨酸钠、苯并三唑、钼酸钠和CTAB五种缓蚀剂在不同工艺条件下的缓蚀性能。结果表明:多硫化钠是一种良好的缓蚀剂,尤其在和其他缓蚀剂复配以后,能够有效地降低金属表面的腐蚀速率,而且,多硫化钠与苯并三唑复合后的缓蚀效果好于其它复合缓蚀剂的效果。
2、利用室内静态挂片失重法,模拟加压空冷器中的腐蚀溶液,评价了静态条件下多硫化钠和苯并三唑的缓蚀性能,对腐蚀后的挂片进行了俄歇电子能谱分析和电镜扫描,评价结果表明,二者均能起到良好的缓蚀作用。
3、考察了模拟腐蚀实验中,加入复合缓蚀剂后温度、浓度、组成配比等工艺参数对10~#钢和N80的腐蚀情况,考察了复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能,研究表明:多硫化钠与苯并三唑复合后,在浓度比较小的情况下,呈现了较好的缓蚀性能,为加氢裂化高压空冷器的防腐提供了科学的决策依据。
REAC(reactor effluent air coolers)is widely used in chemical industry.Whereas solutions in REAC corrode metal equipments seriously, even leak pipes of REAC.Therefore,there is very important for industry field about corrosion research of REAC.On the basis of management conditions of REAC,the experiment analysis the rationality about using simulated solutions as corrosion medium.Then the paper studied the effects on carbon steels of different conditions for example:temperature, pH and so on.The experiment results can be summarized in the following views:
1.The test of carbon steel corrosion in simulated solutions of REAC
(1)Under different condition,the paper studied the effects on carbon steels of several corrosion factors in NH_4Cl- NH_4HS system.The results indicated that annual corrosion rate of 10~# and N80 carbon steel increase obviously with increase of temperature.At low temperature,annual corrosion rate of carbon steels declined in evidence with decrease of temperature.
(2)When the pH value was between 9 and 10,along with the decrease of the pH value,annual corrosion rate decreased obviously. When the pH value ranges 9.0 to 10.0 H_2S could decompose into FeS with film uniformity,which attained ideal inhibition effect.
2.Study on the function of corrosion inhibitor in simulated solutions of REAC
(1)With CMB-1510B portable instantaneous corrosion rate measuring device,simulating corrosion solutions,the paper studied inhibition efficiency of compound corrosion inhibitors including Na_2S_x, Na_2WO_4,BTA,Na_2MoO_4 and CTAB.Results showed that:Na_2S_x, especially compounded with other corrosion inhibitors,was a excellent corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion system of reactor effluent air coolers. It reduced effectively corrosion rate of carbon steels.Further more,the corrosion inhibitor of Na_2S_x compounding with BTA is more efficient than others.
(2)By means of indoor static tole dispersion,simulating corrosion systems in REAC,the paper evaluated inhibition efficiency of Na_2S_x and BTA.Then the data was analyzed by AES and SEM.Results showed that:both of them have attained excellent inhibition effect.
(3)In corrosion solutions simulated with compound corrosion inhibitor,the paper evaluated technical parameters' effect on 10~# and N80 which including temperature,pH,the ratio of several compounds.The results indicated:the compound corrosion inhibitor of Na_2S_x compounded with BTA attained excellent inhibition effect at little dosage,which offered scientific decision-making gist for reasonable solution of corrosion problem of reactor effluent air coolers.
一、碳钢在腐蚀溶液中的腐蚀测试
1、在氯化铵-硫氢化铵体系中考察了不同工艺条件对碳钢腐蚀的影响,研究结果表明:10~#钢和N80钢的年腐蚀速率都会随着温度的升高而显著增大,而且温度越高腐蚀速率升高得越快。另外,低温时(低于50℃)腐蚀速率曲线随着温度的降低下降得比较明显。
2、在pH较高(9～10)时,碳钢的腐蚀速率明显降低,这是因为在高pH值下,H_2S可以完全解离并形成较为完整的硫化铁保护膜,从而产生有利的保护效果。二、缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能研究1、利用在线腐蚀监测实验装置,模拟加氢裂化加压空冷器中的腐蚀溶液,研究了多硫化钠、钨酸钠、苯并三唑、钼酸钠和CTAB五种缓蚀剂在不同工艺条件下的缓蚀性能。结果表明:多硫化钠是一种良好的缓蚀剂,尤其在和其他缓蚀剂复配以后,能够有效地降低金属表面的腐蚀速率,而且,多硫化钠与苯并三唑复合后的缓蚀效果好于其它复合缓蚀剂的效果。
2、利用室内静态挂片失重法,模拟加压空冷器中的腐蚀溶液,评价了静态条件下多硫化钠和苯并三唑的缓蚀性能,对腐蚀后的挂片进行了俄歇电子能谱分析和电镜扫描,评价结果表明,二者均能起到良好的缓蚀作用。
3、考察了模拟腐蚀实验中,加入复合缓蚀剂后温度、浓度、组成配比等工艺参数对10~#钢和N80的腐蚀情况,考察了复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能,研究表明:多硫化钠与苯并三唑复合后,在浓度比较小的情况下,呈现了较好的缓蚀性能,为加氢裂化高压空冷器的防腐提供了科学的决策依据。
REAC(reactor effluent air coolers)is widely used in chemical industry.Whereas solutions in REAC corrode metal equipments seriously, even leak pipes of REAC.Therefore,there is very important for industry field about corrosion research of REAC.On the basis of management conditions of REAC,the experiment analysis the rationality about using simulated solutions as corrosion medium.Then the paper studied the effects on carbon steels of different conditions for example:temperature, pH and so on.The experiment results can be summarized in the following views:
1.The test of carbon steel corrosion in simulated solutions of REAC
(1)Under different condition,the paper studied the effects on carbon steels of several corrosion factors in NH_4Cl- NH_4HS system.The results indicated that annual corrosion rate of 10~# and N80 carbon steel increase obviously with increase of temperature.At low temperature,annual corrosion rate of carbon steels declined in evidence with decrease of temperature.
(2)When the pH value was between 9 and 10,along with the decrease of the pH value,annual corrosion rate decreased obviously. When the pH value ranges 9.0 to 10.0 H_2S could decompose into FeS with film uniformity,which attained ideal inhibition effect.
2.Study on the function of corrosion inhibitor in simulated solutions of REAC
(1)With CMB-1510B portable instantaneous corrosion rate measuring device,simulating corrosion solutions,the paper studied inhibition efficiency of compound corrosion inhibitors including Na_2S_x, Na_2WO_4,BTA,Na_2MoO_4 and CTAB.Results showed that:Na_2S_x, especially compounded with other corrosion inhibitors,was a excellent corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion system of reactor effluent air coolers. It reduced effectively corrosion rate of carbon steels.Further more,the corrosion inhibitor of Na_2S_x compounding with BTA is more efficient than others.
(2)By means of indoor static tole dispersion,simulating corrosion systems in REAC,the paper evaluated inhibition efficiency of Na_2S_x and BTA.Then the data was analyzed by AES and SEM.Results showed that:both of them have attained excellent inhibition effect.
(3)In corrosion solutions simulated with compound corrosion inhibitor,the paper evaluated technical parameters' effect on 10~# and N80 which including temperature,pH,the ratio of several compounds.The results indicated:the compound corrosion inhibitor of Na_2S_x compounded with BTA attained excellent inhibition effect at little dosage,which offered scientific decision-making gist for reasonable solution of corrosion problem of reactor effluent air coolers.
引文
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[2]石玉水.催化重整和柴油加氢装置的腐蚀分析及其防腐措施[J]。石化技术与应用,2007,25(6):22-25
[3]刘永辉,张佩芬.金属腐蚀学原理[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1993
[4]魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1984.120-136
[5]刘红宇.用作缓蚀剂的有机磷酸酯合成工艺的研究[J].辽阳石油化工高等专科学校学报,2000,16(3):15-17
[6]徐寿昌.工业冷却水处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1984.227
[7]王一海.催化重整装置预加氢系统的腐蚀与防护研究[J].科技导报,2005,23(5):40-42
[8]中国腐蚀与防护学会.金属的局部腐蚀[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1993
[9]Reafey S A M,EIRehim.Inhibition of chloride pitting corrosion of timinalkaline and near neutral medium by some inorganiean ions[J].Electroehimiea Acta.1996.42(4):199-206
[10]Reafey S A M,EIRehim.Inhibition of chloride pitting corrosion of timinalkaline and near neutral medium by some inorganiean ions[J].Electroehimiea Acta.1996.42(4):667-674
[11]偶国富,沈春夜.加氢裂化装置加工高硫原料油的防腐蚀对策[J].石油化工腐蚀与防腐,2002,19(6):9-13
[12]Hoar T P,Jacob W R.Breakdown of passivity of stainless steel by halide ions[J].Nature,1967,216(5121):1299-1301
[13]Heusler K E,Fischer L.Kinetics of pit ignition at the alloy Fe5Cr[J].Werkstoffe and corrosion,1976,27(10):698-701
[14]Okada T.A theoretical analysis of the electrochemical noise during the induction period of pitting corrosion in passive metals Part Ⅰ[J].Electroanal.Chem.,1991,297(2):349-359
[15]Macdonald D D,Sikora E,Sikora J.The kinetics of growth of the passive film on tungsten in acidic phosphate solutions[J].Electro chimica Acta,1998,43(19-20):2851-2861
[16]Okada T.A theoretical analysis of the electrochemical noise during the induction period of pitting corrosion in passive metals Part Ⅱ[J].Electroanal.Chem.,1991,297(2):361-375
[17]MacFarlane D R,Smedley S J.The dissolution mechanism of iron in chloride solutions[J].Electrochem.Soc.,1986,133(10):2240-2253
[18]龙一波.缓蚀剂及其在工业上的应用[J].现代涂料与涂装,1999(4):29-32
[19]张亦良.用热喷涂技术防止湿硫化氢应力腐蚀[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2003(4):243-247
[20]乔利杰,王燕斌,褚武扬.应力腐蚀机理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:83-85
[21]Danald Boggs J E.Factors affecting the corrosion of steel by oil-brine-hydrogen sulfide mixture[J].Corrosion.1959:299-305
[22]王荣光等.奥氏体不锈钢SUS316及SUS316L在含Cl~-的饱和H_2S水溶液中的应力腐蚀行为研究[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2000(1):47-53
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