硫化钠活化氧化矿时S~(2-)消耗跟踪理论研究
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摘要
铜是关系到我国国计民生的重要有色金属,广泛应用于军工、电力、通讯、交通、运输、轻工、建筑、机械等行业。随着我国工业化和信息化进程的快速发展和推进对铜的消费需求急剧膨胀。在我国已探明的铜矿资源中,有相当大的一部分属于氧化矿,同样铅锌矿资源中也有相当数量的氧化矿。在国外许多铜矿的开采品位降到了0.4%。在国内这些低品位的难处理的氧化铜矿主要分布在云南、湖北、广东、新疆、内蒙、四川和黑龙江等地区。云南东川汤丹铜矿是目前全国已探明的储量最大的氧化铜矿,保有储量100万吨铜金属,平均地质品位0.88%,属于难处理氧化铜。由于氧化矿选矿难度大,且选矿指标差,因此迫切需要研究对氧化矿浮选更加有效的选矿工艺和方法。
硫化钠作为一种在选矿、冶金和化工中广泛使用的化学药剂,可用作铜钼浮选分离时黄铜矿的抑制剂、有色金属氧化物的活化剂、废水处理时的离子沉淀剂等。在铜铅锌氧化矿选冶中,其特殊的化学性质对有色金属氧化矿的活化过程有很重要的作用。但是硫化钠活化氧化矿浮选时存在一些问题,这些问题往往使得硫化钠不能够被合理有效的充分利用,这些存在的问题包括：
一是硫化钠活化的时效性,即不同的浮选体系中硫化钠的活化时间的不同,从几分钟到几十分钟,这对于其他药剂的添加和作用效果等影响很大；
二是硫化活化时硫化钠的用量从每吨原矿石几百克到每吨原矿石十几公斤,远远超过了其化学当量,这对于氧化矿的有效活化和浮选指标的提高至关重要。
三是浮选体系中矿泥的影响更加复杂,往往是造成氧化矿难以浮选的主要因素,对硫化活化的影响机理,药剂的消耗和作用机制等有重要的作用。
针对硫化钠活化氧化矿过程中存在的以上问题,本论文对硫化钠与矿物作用的过程中矿浆体系中S2-的浓度和pH值进行了跟踪测量,对矿浆体系中S2-的变化情况进行了研究。
论文中通过对孔雀石,黄铜矿,方铅矿,毒砂,黄铁矿,石英,方解石纯矿物与硫化钠作用时,矿浆体系中S2-浓度的变化进行了研究,研究表明在排除硫化钠水解反应的影响,以及可能存在的吸附作用后,可以得出结论,氧化铜矿(孔雀石)、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿对S2-有加速氧化的催化作用。
Copper, as one of the most important non-ferrous metals to China's national economy, is widely used in military industry, electricity, telecommunications, transportation, light industry, construction, machinery and other industries. Along with the fast development and propulsion of our country's industrialization and informatization, the copper's consumer demand inflates suddenly. In China's proven copper resources, there exists a large number of low-grade refractory copper oxide ores and lead-zinc oxide ores. Many overseas copper mining's mining grade has fallen to 0.4 percent. A large amount of low-grade refractory copper oxide deposits are mainly distributed in such provinces as Yunnan, Hubei, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Heilongjiang etc.. Tangdan copper deposit in Yunnan province is a copper oxide deposit whose reserves is the largest in the proven reserves of copper oxide so far in China. Its recoverable deposits are about 1,000,000 tons, while the average geological grade is 0.88%. These belong to the refractory oxide copper oxide ore which are difficult to dress. As its great difficulty of dressing and poor dressing indicators, there is an urgent need to study more effective flotation processes and flotation methods of oxide ore.
Activation sulfide flotation is the main recycling method of such resources. As a chemical agent widespread applied in mineral processing, metallurgy and chemical industry, sodium sulfide can be used as copper-molybdenum flotation separation of chalcopyrite depressant, non-ferrous metal oxide activator, wastewater treatment the ion precipitation agent due to its reducing. Especially in the process of beneficiation and metallurgy of lead and zinc in the copper oxide ore, its special chemical properties of the activation of non-ferrous metal oxide ores plays a very vital role. But there exists some problems of the oxidation of sodium sulfide ore flotation activated, which often make sodium sulfide can not be fully used. Following are these problems:
First, the timeliness of activated sodium sulfide, namely the activation time of sodium sulfide are different in different sodium sulfide flotation system, range from several minutes to several dozens minutes, which can largely affect the adding and action effect of other agents;
Second, the amount of sodium sulfide in sulfide and activation process, the amount consumption of sodium is from a few hundred grams per ton to more than ten kilograms per ton to raw ore, going far beyond its chemical equivalent, which is essential to effective activation of oxide ores and flotation indicators.
Third, the impact of sludge is more complex in the flotation system, being the primary factor for the oxidized ore's difficulty to carry on flotation process, playing an important role in affecting the mechanism of sulfide and activation, the consumption of reagent and the action mechanism.
According to the above problems existing in the process of oxidation of sodium sulfide ore activation, the paper carried on experiment study on the changing situation of the concentration of S2- in the mineral slurry system during the process of function between sodium sulfide and mineral.
Paper on malachite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, pyrite, quartz, calcite and sulfide minerals role of pure pulp system S2-concentration has been studied, studies show that the exclusion of hydrolysis reaction of sodium sulfide, and the possibility of adsorption, it can be concluded that copper oxide (malachite), chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite catalyze oxidation on the S2-.
硫化钠作为一种在选矿、冶金和化工中广泛使用的化学药剂,可用作铜钼浮选分离时黄铜矿的抑制剂、有色金属氧化物的活化剂、废水处理时的离子沉淀剂等。在铜铅锌氧化矿选冶中,其特殊的化学性质对有色金属氧化矿的活化过程有很重要的作用。但是硫化钠活化氧化矿浮选时存在一些问题,这些问题往往使得硫化钠不能够被合理有效的充分利用,这些存在的问题包括：
一是硫化钠活化的时效性,即不同的浮选体系中硫化钠的活化时间的不同,从几分钟到几十分钟,这对于其他药剂的添加和作用效果等影响很大；
二是硫化活化时硫化钠的用量从每吨原矿石几百克到每吨原矿石十几公斤,远远超过了其化学当量,这对于氧化矿的有效活化和浮选指标的提高至关重要。
三是浮选体系中矿泥的影响更加复杂,往往是造成氧化矿难以浮选的主要因素,对硫化活化的影响机理,药剂的消耗和作用机制等有重要的作用。
针对硫化钠活化氧化矿过程中存在的以上问题,本论文对硫化钠与矿物作用的过程中矿浆体系中S2-的浓度和pH值进行了跟踪测量,对矿浆体系中S2-的变化情况进行了研究。
论文中通过对孔雀石,黄铜矿,方铅矿,毒砂,黄铁矿,石英,方解石纯矿物与硫化钠作用时,矿浆体系中S2-浓度的变化进行了研究,研究表明在排除硫化钠水解反应的影响,以及可能存在的吸附作用后,可以得出结论,氧化铜矿(孔雀石)、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿对S2-有加速氧化的催化作用。
Copper, as one of the most important non-ferrous metals to China's national economy, is widely used in military industry, electricity, telecommunications, transportation, light industry, construction, machinery and other industries. Along with the fast development and propulsion of our country's industrialization and informatization, the copper's consumer demand inflates suddenly. In China's proven copper resources, there exists a large number of low-grade refractory copper oxide ores and lead-zinc oxide ores. Many overseas copper mining's mining grade has fallen to 0.4 percent. A large amount of low-grade refractory copper oxide deposits are mainly distributed in such provinces as Yunnan, Hubei, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Heilongjiang etc.. Tangdan copper deposit in Yunnan province is a copper oxide deposit whose reserves is the largest in the proven reserves of copper oxide so far in China. Its recoverable deposits are about 1,000,000 tons, while the average geological grade is 0.88%. These belong to the refractory oxide copper oxide ore which are difficult to dress. As its great difficulty of dressing and poor dressing indicators, there is an urgent need to study more effective flotation processes and flotation methods of oxide ore.
Activation sulfide flotation is the main recycling method of such resources. As a chemical agent widespread applied in mineral processing, metallurgy and chemical industry, sodium sulfide can be used as copper-molybdenum flotation separation of chalcopyrite depressant, non-ferrous metal oxide activator, wastewater treatment the ion precipitation agent due to its reducing. Especially in the process of beneficiation and metallurgy of lead and zinc in the copper oxide ore, its special chemical properties of the activation of non-ferrous metal oxide ores plays a very vital role. But there exists some problems of the oxidation of sodium sulfide ore flotation activated, which often make sodium sulfide can not be fully used. Following are these problems:
First, the timeliness of activated sodium sulfide, namely the activation time of sodium sulfide are different in different sodium sulfide flotation system, range from several minutes to several dozens minutes, which can largely affect the adding and action effect of other agents;
Second, the amount of sodium sulfide in sulfide and activation process, the amount consumption of sodium is from a few hundred grams per ton to more than ten kilograms per ton to raw ore, going far beyond its chemical equivalent, which is essential to effective activation of oxide ores and flotation indicators.
Third, the impact of sludge is more complex in the flotation system, being the primary factor for the oxidized ore's difficulty to carry on flotation process, playing an important role in affecting the mechanism of sulfide and activation, the consumption of reagent and the action mechanism.
According to the above problems existing in the process of oxidation of sodium sulfide ore activation, the paper carried on experiment study on the changing situation of the concentration of S2- in the mineral slurry system during the process of function between sodium sulfide and mineral.
Paper on malachite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, pyrite, quartz, calcite and sulfide minerals role of pure pulp system S2-concentration has been studied, studies show that the exclusion of hydrolysis reaction of sodium sulfide, and the possibility of adsorption, it can be concluded that copper oxide (malachite), chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite catalyze oxidation on the S2-.
引文
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