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虚拟样机技术在机构精度分析中的研究与应用
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摘要
本文提出了将虚拟样机技术应用于机构精度分析的方法,并以受电弓和手术机器人为研究对象,分析了两种机构的运行误差和制造误差,验证了受电弓结构的可靠性,提出了手术机器人的改进方法。
     首先,阐述精度分析的基本概念,分析机构误差的来源,提出了本文研究的重点——运行误差和制造误差。接着,全面分析了机械系统运动副摩擦,结合ADAMS系统的功能,创建了该系统的摩擦系数库,扩充了运动副摩擦参数定义对话框,讨论了ADAMS的参数化分析方法。然后,建立了受电弓虚拟样机模型,基于该模型主要研究了运动副摩擦引起的升弓轨迹和升弓扭矩的运行误差;在ADAMS环境下建立受电弓的三维参数化模型,讨论了制造误差对受电弓升弓轨迹的影响。通过比较分析,指出在关键运动副处只能用滚动轴承结构才能保证系统的精度要求。最后,进行了外科手术机器人主要机构的运动精度分析,运动副的摩擦和虎克铰偏心都会引起较大的平台运动轨迹误差,并提出了误差补偿和改用球铰的方法,可以大大提高运动精度。
     本文通过对基于虚拟样机技术的精度分析原理的论述,结合两个研究对象分析了机构运动可能存在的误差,表明了该技术对于提高机械系统设计精度和虚拟样机技术的仿真精度都具有重大意义。
In this dissertation the description of a new simulation method fur tight interaction between analytic precision and virtual prototyping technology is presented. Based on this method, we make a study of kinematic error and manufacture error of medical robotics and pantograph. The reliability of pantograph is validated and the improvement of medical robotics is made in precision.
    Firstly, the emphases of this dissertation is brought out after expatiating basic concept of analytic precision and analyzing origin of error. Next, in ADAMS, friction coefficient database is set up, and dialog box for defining joint friction is extended based on analyzing joint friction in mechanical system, and the method of parametric analysis is discussed for analyzing manufacture error's influence on mechanism performance. The investigation in kinematic error of the track of colletor head and rising torque is carried on based on virtual prototyping technology model of pantograph. Manufacture error's influence on the track of colletor head is discussed based on parametric model of pantograph. It is summarized that only roll bearing can meet the objective in precision. Finally, it is found out that joint friction and eccentricity of hooke joint is the primary factor influence on error. Precision can be improved by error compensating and by use of spherical joint.
    Integrated with the pantograph and medical rol otics, this thesis discussed the principles of analytic precision based on virtual prototyping technology, which predicted its great significance in improving design precision and simulation precision.
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