Schiff碱Cu（Ⅱ）配合物改性UHMWPE新型耐磨材料的研究
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摘要
超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)卫生无毒和具有极好的耐磨性,是目前理想的医用高分子材料。但在使用过程中也逐渐发现UHMWPE的许多不足之处,如强度和表面硬度低、热变形温度低等缺陷。应用Schiff碱金属离子配合物作为添加剂对UHMWPE耐磨性进行物理改性是最新的一个研究方向。
本文围绕“Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE新型耐磨材料的研究”课题中的科学问题,采用销盘试验机(面-面接触),在转速为60 rpm、法向为载荷40 kg±3、实验环境温度为20℃、相对湿度为60%和试验时间为1.5h的干摩擦条件下,对UHMWPE及Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE盘试样和对偶试样45#钢销展开了试验研究和理论探索。
首先,对200万、300万、500万、900万分子量UHMWPE进行摩擦磨损试验,并为探讨其磨损机理,用SEM观测其磨损形貌。结果发现,300万分子量UHMWPE的摩擦系数最小;随着分子量的增大,UHMWPE的磨损量呈先减小后增大的趋势,其中300万分子量UHMWPE磨损量最小;磨损形貌也显示存在磨粒磨损和黏着磨损两种磨损机理,其中300万UHMWPE磨损明显最轻;可选择摩擦磨损性能优于其他3种分子量纯UHMWPE的300万分子量UHMWPE作为Schiff碱改性UHMWPE研究的基体原料。
其次,合成了五种改性UHMWPE研究的添加剂:双水杨醛缩乙二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物、双水杨醛1,3-丙二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物、双水杨醛1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物、双水杨醛缩1,2-环己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物和双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物;分别测试了五种双水杨醛缩二胺型Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性300万分子量UHMWPE,且含四种不同质量分数(2.5%、5%、10%、15%)摩擦磨损行为,并为探讨其磨损机理,采用SEM观察磨损表面形貌,采用EDS测定磨损表面的主要元素组成,分析了结构单元对摩擦学改性活性的影响规律,结果发现:添加双水杨醛缩乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物能有效改善UHMWPE摩擦磨损性能,在10%质量分数范围内,随Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物加入量的增加,改性UHMWPE与钢销配副的摩擦系数和磨损量呈降低的趋势,即含10 wt%添加剂的改性UHMWPE减磨效果最佳,其中摩擦系数和磨损量最小的是含10 wt%的1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性的UHMWPE;而添加双水杨醛缩1,2-环己二胺和邻苯二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE共混材料的摩擦磨损性能并未改善;双水杨醛缩1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE盘试样和钢销试样主要表现为磨粒磨损机制,并发现其添加剂中的Cu元素发生了选择性转移效应,减小了与其配副的钢销表面的摩擦磨损。研究表明与UHMWPE的亚甲基结构存在相似性的含C原子数更多的双水杨醛缩开链二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的摩擦学改性活性可能最高,双水杨醛缩开链二胺优于缩环二胺和缩芳二胺。
Due to its innocuity and excellent wearability, Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) is ideal for medical polymer materials. But gradually it is found in the course of using UHMWPE that it has many defects, such as low strength, surface hardness, and low heat distortion temperature. Therefore application of Schiff base metal ionic complexes as additives to the physical modification of UHMWPE’s wearability attracts research interest.
Experimental investigations and theoretical exploration about disc of UHMWPE and modified UHMWPE with Schiff Base Cu(Ⅱ) complexes against pin of 45# steel were developed involved in the scientific problems of project "Study on a new wear resistant material of UHMWPE modified with Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complexes" in this paper. It was tested by a pin-disk tester (surface-surface contact) under the condition of dry friction, with the rotational speed of 60 rpm, normal load of 40 kg±3 and testing time of 1.5h, at 20℃and 60% RH (relative humidity).
Firstly, friction and wear behaviors of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 2 million, 3 million, 5 million, 9 million were tested, and in order to investigate wear mechanism, topographies of worn surface were observed by SEM. It was found that friction coefficient of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million was minimal; with the increase of molecular weight, the weight loss of wear of UHMWPE was first reduced and then increased, and the weight loss of wear of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million was minimum; in addition, abrasive wear and adhesive wear were showed in wear mechanism of UHMWPE, thereinto, the wear of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million was the least. So the UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million whose friction and wear properties were better than other three pure UHMWPE can be choosed as basic material in study of Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex modifying UHMWPE.
Secondly, five additives modifying UHMWPE were successfully synthesized, they are bis-salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,3-propanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,6-hexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex and bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-benzenediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex; friction and wear behaviors of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million modified by five bis-salicylaldehyde diamine-type Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complexes with different content (2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 15%) were tested respectively, in order to investigate wear mechanism, topographies of worn surface were observed by SEM and the main element composition of the worn surface was determined by EDS, and the law of tribological modifying activity influenced by structural units was analysed. It was found that the friction and wear properties of modified UHMWPE can be effectively improved by adding the bis-salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,3-propanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex and bis-salicylaldehyde-1,6-hexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, and the friction coefficient and weight loss of wear of modified UHMWPE againet steel pin decreased with the content increasing of Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex in UHMWPE within the range of 10 wt%,namely, the effect of reducing wear of modified UHMWPE with 10 wt% additive was the best, thereinto, the friction coefficient and weight loss of wear of UHMWPE modified with 10 wt% 1,6-diamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex was minimum; but the friction and wear properties of UHMWPE modified by bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex modified and bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-benzenediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex were not improved; abrasive wear was showed in wear mechanism of modified UHMWPE disc specimen with bis-salicylaldehyde-1,6-hexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex and steel pin specimen, and selective transfer effect, of Cu element from its additives was found, which can reduce friction and wear of the surface of steel pin against it. It seems that diamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex which contains open chain structure with relatively more carbon atoms has more activity of tribological modification, due to its similar methylene unit in the structure of UHMWPE, and the activity of open chain is better than that of alkyl and aromatic ring.
本文围绕“Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE新型耐磨材料的研究”课题中的科学问题,采用销盘试验机(面-面接触),在转速为60 rpm、法向为载荷40 kg±3、实验环境温度为20℃、相对湿度为60%和试验时间为1.5h的干摩擦条件下,对UHMWPE及Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE盘试样和对偶试样45#钢销展开了试验研究和理论探索。
首先,对200万、300万、500万、900万分子量UHMWPE进行摩擦磨损试验,并为探讨其磨损机理,用SEM观测其磨损形貌。结果发现,300万分子量UHMWPE的摩擦系数最小;随着分子量的增大,UHMWPE的磨损量呈先减小后增大的趋势,其中300万分子量UHMWPE磨损量最小;磨损形貌也显示存在磨粒磨损和黏着磨损两种磨损机理,其中300万UHMWPE磨损明显最轻;可选择摩擦磨损性能优于其他3种分子量纯UHMWPE的300万分子量UHMWPE作为Schiff碱改性UHMWPE研究的基体原料。
其次,合成了五种改性UHMWPE研究的添加剂:双水杨醛缩乙二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物、双水杨醛1,3-丙二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物、双水杨醛1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物、双水杨醛缩1,2-环己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物和双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物;分别测试了五种双水杨醛缩二胺型Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性300万分子量UHMWPE,且含四种不同质量分数(2.5%、5%、10%、15%)摩擦磨损行为,并为探讨其磨损机理,采用SEM观察磨损表面形貌,采用EDS测定磨损表面的主要元素组成,分析了结构单元对摩擦学改性活性的影响规律,结果发现:添加双水杨醛缩乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物能有效改善UHMWPE摩擦磨损性能,在10%质量分数范围内,随Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物加入量的增加,改性UHMWPE与钢销配副的摩擦系数和磨损量呈降低的趋势,即含10 wt%添加剂的改性UHMWPE减磨效果最佳,其中摩擦系数和磨损量最小的是含10 wt%的1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性的UHMWPE;而添加双水杨醛缩1,2-环己二胺和邻苯二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE共混材料的摩擦磨损性能并未改善;双水杨醛缩1,6-己二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物改性UHMWPE盘试样和钢销试样主要表现为磨粒磨损机制,并发现其添加剂中的Cu元素发生了选择性转移效应,减小了与其配副的钢销表面的摩擦磨损。研究表明与UHMWPE的亚甲基结构存在相似性的含C原子数更多的双水杨醛缩开链二胺Schiff碱Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的摩擦学改性活性可能最高,双水杨醛缩开链二胺优于缩环二胺和缩芳二胺。
Due to its innocuity and excellent wearability, Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) is ideal for medical polymer materials. But gradually it is found in the course of using UHMWPE that it has many defects, such as low strength, surface hardness, and low heat distortion temperature. Therefore application of Schiff base metal ionic complexes as additives to the physical modification of UHMWPE’s wearability attracts research interest.
Experimental investigations and theoretical exploration about disc of UHMWPE and modified UHMWPE with Schiff Base Cu(Ⅱ) complexes against pin of 45# steel were developed involved in the scientific problems of project "Study on a new wear resistant material of UHMWPE modified with Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complexes" in this paper. It was tested by a pin-disk tester (surface-surface contact) under the condition of dry friction, with the rotational speed of 60 rpm, normal load of 40 kg±3 and testing time of 1.5h, at 20℃and 60% RH (relative humidity).
Firstly, friction and wear behaviors of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 2 million, 3 million, 5 million, 9 million were tested, and in order to investigate wear mechanism, topographies of worn surface were observed by SEM. It was found that friction coefficient of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million was minimal; with the increase of molecular weight, the weight loss of wear of UHMWPE was first reduced and then increased, and the weight loss of wear of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million was minimum; in addition, abrasive wear and adhesive wear were showed in wear mechanism of UHMWPE, thereinto, the wear of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million was the least. So the UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million whose friction and wear properties were better than other three pure UHMWPE can be choosed as basic material in study of Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex modifying UHMWPE.
Secondly, five additives modifying UHMWPE were successfully synthesized, they are bis-salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,3-propanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,6-hexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex and bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-benzenediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex; friction and wear behaviors of UHMWPE with molecular weight of 3 million modified by five bis-salicylaldehyde diamine-type Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complexes with different content (2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 15%) were tested respectively, in order to investigate wear mechanism, topographies of worn surface were observed by SEM and the main element composition of the worn surface was determined by EDS, and the law of tribological modifying activity influenced by structural units was analysed. It was found that the friction and wear properties of modified UHMWPE can be effectively improved by adding the bis-salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine, bis-salicylaldehyde-1,3-propanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex and bis-salicylaldehyde-1,6-hexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex, and the friction coefficient and weight loss of wear of modified UHMWPE againet steel pin decreased with the content increasing of Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex in UHMWPE within the range of 10 wt%,namely, the effect of reducing wear of modified UHMWPE with 10 wt% additive was the best, thereinto, the friction coefficient and weight loss of wear of UHMWPE modified with 10 wt% 1,6-diamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex was minimum; but the friction and wear properties of UHMWPE modified by bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex modified and bis-salicylaldehyde-1,2-benzenediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex were not improved; abrasive wear was showed in wear mechanism of modified UHMWPE disc specimen with bis-salicylaldehyde-1,6-hexanediamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex and steel pin specimen, and selective transfer effect, of Cu element from its additives was found, which can reduce friction and wear of the surface of steel pin against it. It seems that diamine Schiff base Cu(Ⅱ) complex which contains open chain structure with relatively more carbon atoms has more activity of tribological modification, due to its similar methylene unit in the structure of UHMWPE, and the activity of open chain is better than that of alkyl and aromatic ring.
引文
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