铁路应急物流体系的研究
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摘要
进入21世纪以来,我国各类突发事件频繁发生,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。如何有效预防和妥善处置突发事件,控制、减轻和排除突发事件引起的社会危害,保护人民生产财产安全,是摆在全社会面前的一个重大课题。应急物流是一种在突发事件发生后对物资、人员、资金的需求进行紧急保障的一种特殊物流活动,对于突发事件的应对及处理具有十分重要的意义。而铁路作为我国交通运输的核心主干力量,铁路应急物流体系的建设与健全是保证国家应急体系高效运转的必要条件,重要性不言而喻。
本文首先通过研究分析铁路应急物流和其信息化的现状及特性,找出存在的问题和不足,总体提出了符合我国实际的铁路应急物流体系架构,并分别就铁路应急物流组织体系及法律法规政策体系作以介绍。其次,先详细阐述了铁路应急物资供应体系,讨论了铁路应急物资的分类及管理,重点分析应急物资共享、应急物资监控。然后详细分析阐述铁路应急物流配送体系,介绍了应急物流决策指挥体系,分析应急需求响应,重点讨论应急物资配送问题,并提出了公铁应急联运策略。最后阐述了应急平台在铁路应急物流中的应用,介绍了铁路应急平台体系,并以铁路应急平台为基础,分别介绍了应急物流组织体系、应急物资供应体系等在平台中的信息化,分析了铁路应急平台存在的问题,给出进一步提高铁路应急物流信息化水平的建议。从而达到“平”时合理配置各类应急物资储备的品种数量、“急”时有序高效配送应急物资的目标,为提高铁路应对突发事件的能力和水平奠定基础。
In the 21st century, many different types of emergencies occur frequently in China, Causing heavy casualties and property losses. It has been placed in front of the whole society as a major issue that how to prevent and deal with emergencies properly, how to control, reduce and eliminate the social harm caused by emergencies to protect the safety of people and property. Emergency logistics is a special kind of logistics activities, which make sudden mobilizations of materials, personnel, funding to meet those emergency needs after the incidents, it is of great significance in response to unexpected incidents. Railway is the core strength of transportation in China, the construction and integrity of railway emergency logistics system is a necessary condition to ensure efficient operation of national emergency response system, and it means a lot.
Through research and analysis of railway emergency logistics and its characteristics of informationization, this paper identifies the existing problems and shortcomings at first, and proposes a framework of railway emergency logistics in line with our own national conditions overall, then makes introduction in respect of railway emergency logistics organization system and the system of related laws and regulations. Secondly, it explains railway emergency supplies supply system detailedly, discusses the classification and management of railway emergency supplies, and focus on analyzing sharing of emergency supplies and emergency supplies monitoring. we formulates railway emergency logistics distribution system, introduces the emergency command system of logistics decision-making, analyzes the response of emergency demands, and emphasizes the distribution problems of emergency supplies, and proposes strategies about railway-road combined transportation. At last, this paper expatiates on the application of emergency response platform for railway emergency logistics, introduces railway emergency response system, describes the informationization of emergency logistics organization system and emergency supplies supply system based on railway emergency response system, then analyze some problems existed in railway emergency response system, and make further suggestions which may improve the informationization level of railway emergency logistics, finally achieve the goal in which the number and species of emergency supplies can be distributed reasonably in normal state, and emergency supplies could be distributed orderly and efficiently when in emergencies, aims at lays the foundation of improving the capacity and level response to emergencies of railway department.
本文首先通过研究分析铁路应急物流和其信息化的现状及特性,找出存在的问题和不足,总体提出了符合我国实际的铁路应急物流体系架构,并分别就铁路应急物流组织体系及法律法规政策体系作以介绍。其次,先详细阐述了铁路应急物资供应体系,讨论了铁路应急物资的分类及管理,重点分析应急物资共享、应急物资监控。然后详细分析阐述铁路应急物流配送体系,介绍了应急物流决策指挥体系,分析应急需求响应,重点讨论应急物资配送问题,并提出了公铁应急联运策略。最后阐述了应急平台在铁路应急物流中的应用,介绍了铁路应急平台体系,并以铁路应急平台为基础,分别介绍了应急物流组织体系、应急物资供应体系等在平台中的信息化,分析了铁路应急平台存在的问题,给出进一步提高铁路应急物流信息化水平的建议。从而达到“平”时合理配置各类应急物资储备的品种数量、“急”时有序高效配送应急物资的目标,为提高铁路应对突发事件的能力和水平奠定基础。
In the 21st century, many different types of emergencies occur frequently in China, Causing heavy casualties and property losses. It has been placed in front of the whole society as a major issue that how to prevent and deal with emergencies properly, how to control, reduce and eliminate the social harm caused by emergencies to protect the safety of people and property. Emergency logistics is a special kind of logistics activities, which make sudden mobilizations of materials, personnel, funding to meet those emergency needs after the incidents, it is of great significance in response to unexpected incidents. Railway is the core strength of transportation in China, the construction and integrity of railway emergency logistics system is a necessary condition to ensure efficient operation of national emergency response system, and it means a lot.
Through research and analysis of railway emergency logistics and its characteristics of informationization, this paper identifies the existing problems and shortcomings at first, and proposes a framework of railway emergency logistics in line with our own national conditions overall, then makes introduction in respect of railway emergency logistics organization system and the system of related laws and regulations. Secondly, it explains railway emergency supplies supply system detailedly, discusses the classification and management of railway emergency supplies, and focus on analyzing sharing of emergency supplies and emergency supplies monitoring. we formulates railway emergency logistics distribution system, introduces the emergency command system of logistics decision-making, analyzes the response of emergency demands, and emphasizes the distribution problems of emergency supplies, and proposes strategies about railway-road combined transportation. At last, this paper expatiates on the application of emergency response platform for railway emergency logistics, introduces railway emergency response system, describes the informationization of emergency logistics organization system and emergency supplies supply system based on railway emergency response system, then analyze some problems existed in railway emergency response system, and make further suggestions which may improve the informationization level of railway emergency logistics, finally achieve the goal in which the number and species of emergency supplies can be distributed reasonably in normal state, and emergency supplies could be distributed orderly and efficiently when in emergencies, aims at lays the foundation of improving the capacity and level response to emergencies of railway department.
引文
[1].欧忠文,王会云,姜大立.应急物流[J].重庆大学学报,2004,27(3)：164-167
[2].王丰,姜玉宏,王进.应急物流[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2007：7
[3].王宗喜,阳波.应急物流系列讲座之一—论应急物流的地位与作用[J].物流技术与应用,2008(07)：104-106.
[4].李涅棠.汉川地震引发的构建应急物流系统的思考[J].物流技术,2008(08)：8-10.
[5]. Jiuh-Biing Sheu. Challenges of emergency logistics management. Transportation Research Part E 43 (2007) 655-659
[6]. Zakit, A.S., Cheng, H.K.:A simulation model for the analysis and management of an emergency service system. Socio-Econ. plan. Sci.31 (3),173-189 (1997)
[7].谢如鹤,邱祝强.论应急物流体系的构建及其运作管理[J].物流技术,2005(10)：78
[8].陈方建.对健全我国应急物流体系的几点思考[J]物流技术,2008(27)：10
[9].徐东,黄定政.应急物流系列讲座之二——应急物流体系的构成[J].物流技术与应用,2008(08)：94-96.
[10].黄菲菲.我国应急物流体系构建的思考[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2009(10)：27-30
[11]. Owen, S.H., Daskin, M.S.:Strategic facility location:A review. European Journal of Operational Research (11),423-447 (1998)
[12]. Needham, P.:The influence of individual cost factors on the use of emergency transshipment. Transportation Research:Logistics and Transportation Review 34 (2), 149-160 (1998)
[13]. Fiedrich, F., Gehbayer, F., Rickers, U.:Optimized resource allocation for emergency response after earthquake disasters. Safety Science 35 (1),41-57 (2000a)
[14].汪定伟,张国祥.突发性灾害救援中心选址优化的模型与算法[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版).2005,26(10)：953-956
[15].常玉林,王炜.城市紧急服务系统优化选址模型[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000(2)：104-108
[16].计国君,朱彩虹.突发事件应急物流中资源配送优化问题[J].中国流通经济.2007(3)：18-21.
[17].刘春林等.应急物资调度的优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2001,9(3)：29-36
[18].计雷,池宏等.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005.
[19].刘海军,龚卫锋.应急物流交通运输保障[J].中国物流与采购,2003(23)
[20].雷玲.应急物流初探[J].企业天地,2004(6)
[21].沈建国,熊坚.物流与应急物流略谈[J].物流科技,2005(4)
[22].谢如鹤,邱祝强.论应急物流体系的构建及其运作管理[J].物流技术,2005(10)：78-79.
[23].欧忠文.应急物流保障机制研究[J].物流技术2005.9：13-15
[24].计雷,池宏等.突发事件应急管理.高等教育出版社[M].2005
[25].罗毅.构建铁路应急物流体系的研究[J].铁路采购与物流.2009.2
[26].陆海洲,王富章,王英杰,李平.铁路应急平台框架体系研究[J].中国铁路,2007,(06)：41-44
[2].王丰,姜玉宏,王进.应急物流[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2007：7
[3].王宗喜,阳波.应急物流系列讲座之一—论应急物流的地位与作用[J].物流技术与应用,2008(07)：104-106.
[4].李涅棠.汉川地震引发的构建应急物流系统的思考[J].物流技术,2008(08)：8-10.
[5]. Jiuh-Biing Sheu. Challenges of emergency logistics management. Transportation Research Part E 43 (2007) 655-659
[6]. Zakit, A.S., Cheng, H.K.:A simulation model for the analysis and management of an emergency service system. Socio-Econ. plan. Sci.31 (3),173-189 (1997)
[7].谢如鹤,邱祝强.论应急物流体系的构建及其运作管理[J].物流技术,2005(10)：78
[8].陈方建.对健全我国应急物流体系的几点思考[J]物流技术,2008(27)：10
[9].徐东,黄定政.应急物流系列讲座之二——应急物流体系的构成[J].物流技术与应用,2008(08)：94-96.
[10].黄菲菲.我国应急物流体系构建的思考[J].绵阳师范学院学报,2009(10)：27-30
[11]. Owen, S.H., Daskin, M.S.:Strategic facility location:A review. European Journal of Operational Research (11),423-447 (1998)
[12]. Needham, P.:The influence of individual cost factors on the use of emergency transshipment. Transportation Research:Logistics and Transportation Review 34 (2), 149-160 (1998)
[13]. Fiedrich, F., Gehbayer, F., Rickers, U.:Optimized resource allocation for emergency response after earthquake disasters. Safety Science 35 (1),41-57 (2000a)
[14].汪定伟,张国祥.突发性灾害救援中心选址优化的模型与算法[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版).2005,26(10)：953-956
[15].常玉林,王炜.城市紧急服务系统优化选址模型[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000(2)：104-108
[16].计国君,朱彩虹.突发事件应急物流中资源配送优化问题[J].中国流通经济.2007(3)：18-21.
[17].刘春林等.应急物资调度的优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2001,9(3)：29-36
[18].计雷,池宏等.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005.
[19].刘海军,龚卫锋.应急物流交通运输保障[J].中国物流与采购,2003(23)
[20].雷玲.应急物流初探[J].企业天地,2004(6)
[21].沈建国,熊坚.物流与应急物流略谈[J].物流科技,2005(4)
[22].谢如鹤,邱祝强.论应急物流体系的构建及其运作管理[J].物流技术,2005(10)：78-79.
[23].欧忠文.应急物流保障机制研究[J].物流技术2005.9：13-15
[24].计雷,池宏等.突发事件应急管理.高等教育出版社[M].2005
[25].罗毅.构建铁路应急物流体系的研究[J].铁路采购与物流.2009.2
[26].陆海洲,王富章,王英杰,李平.铁路应急平台框架体系研究[J].中国铁路,2007,(06)：41-44