基于地震数据分析的龙门山前陆盆地海相地层构造研究
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摘要
龙门山前陆盆地位于四川盆地的中西部,在西北方向紧靠龙门山推覆带,而东南方向与川中古隆起东坡部分相接。经过多年的石油天然气勘探开发,发现龙门山前陆盆地油气资源丰富,储集条件良好,海相地层发育众多构造圈闭,极具勘探潜力。
论文的主要内容和成果如下:
(1)本次研究即以近期采集的二维地震数据(21条地震测线)为主要对象,综合利用相关的测井数据,进行龙门山前陆盆地海相层位标定、断层解释、构造特征分析等一系列工作,确定海相地层的断裂特征和构造特点。
(2)在了解龙门山前陆盆地地质概况的基础上,运用前陆盆地的地质构造理论,按照地震数据的处理与解释流程进行层位标定和断层解释,利用断层相关褶皱的方法来分析龙门山前陆盆地的地质构造特点。
(3)总共制作了6口井的人工合成地震记录,以此对21个剖面进行了六个主要层界面的标定(侏罗系下统底、三叠系上统马鞍塘组底、三叠系中统雷口坡组底、二叠系上统底、二叠系下统底和前震旦系底),识别了三十余条断层并完成了断层解释(主要对彭县断层、关口断层、通济场断层、龙泉山西断层和东断层等五条关键断层进行重点分析),制作了四张海相地层底界构造图(三叠系上统马鞍塘组底TT3m反射层构造图、三叠系中统雷口坡组底TT2l反射层构造图、二叠系上统底TP2反射层构造图、二叠系下统底TP1反射层构造图)。
(4)根据盆地断裂特征和构造特点,将龙门山前陆盆地划分为五个构造单元:龙门山盆地过渡带,龙泉山褶隆带,彭县-绵竹向斜带,孝新合构造带和东南斜坡带;最后对七个局部构造进行了分析和构造圈闭要素描述。综合分析确定了龙门山前陆盆地海相地层的区域断裂特征和构造特点,为下一步的油气勘探服务。
Longmen Shan Foreland Basin is located in the western Sichuan Basin, closing to the Longmen Shan thrust belt, in the southeast bordering with east slope of Central Sichuan forebulge. After years of petroleum exploration and development, we confirm that Longmen Shan Foreland Basin is rich in petroleum resources with perfect qualification of reservoir rocks, and there is great exploratory potentiality with lots of Structural traps in marine carbonate layers, Longmen Shan Foreland Basin.
The main contents and results of this paper are listed as follows:
(1) Based on the recent acquisition of 2-D seismic data and logging data in Longmen Shan Foreland Basin, the study work contains horizon calibration, fault interpretation, structural analysis etc, in order to reveal fracture characteristics and structural features of the marine layers.
(2) Understanding the general geology of Longmen Shan Foreland Basin and following foreland basin tectonic theory, horizons calibration and faults interpretation are carried out by according to seismic data process and interpretation, after in progress the analysis of Longmen Shan Foreland Basin structural features applying Fault-related Fold approach.
(3) 6 synthetic seismic records are composed by applying the data of 6 wells, and on 21 seismic reflection profiles, stratigraphic unit demarcation is completed with six main horizons. What’s more, no less than 30 faults are marked and interpreted, and four Structural maps are drawn in marine layers.
(4) According to structural features of the basin, Longmen Shan Foreland Basin is divided into five tectonic units, as follows: LongmenShan-Basin Transition Belt, Longquanshan fold Belt, Pengxian - Mianzhu syncline Zone, Xiaoxinhe structure Zone and Southeast slope Belt. Finally, seven local structures are discussed in order to the analysis and description of elements of structural traps. The comprehensive analysis of regional fracture characteristics of marine layers and structural features in Longmen Shan Foreland Basin, is laying the groundwork for the next step of petroleum exploration.
论文的主要内容和成果如下:
(1)本次研究即以近期采集的二维地震数据(21条地震测线)为主要对象,综合利用相关的测井数据,进行龙门山前陆盆地海相层位标定、断层解释、构造特征分析等一系列工作,确定海相地层的断裂特征和构造特点。
(2)在了解龙门山前陆盆地地质概况的基础上,运用前陆盆地的地质构造理论,按照地震数据的处理与解释流程进行层位标定和断层解释,利用断层相关褶皱的方法来分析龙门山前陆盆地的地质构造特点。
(3)总共制作了6口井的人工合成地震记录,以此对21个剖面进行了六个主要层界面的标定(侏罗系下统底、三叠系上统马鞍塘组底、三叠系中统雷口坡组底、二叠系上统底、二叠系下统底和前震旦系底),识别了三十余条断层并完成了断层解释(主要对彭县断层、关口断层、通济场断层、龙泉山西断层和东断层等五条关键断层进行重点分析),制作了四张海相地层底界构造图(三叠系上统马鞍塘组底TT3m反射层构造图、三叠系中统雷口坡组底TT2l反射层构造图、二叠系上统底TP2反射层构造图、二叠系下统底TP1反射层构造图)。
(4)根据盆地断裂特征和构造特点,将龙门山前陆盆地划分为五个构造单元:龙门山盆地过渡带,龙泉山褶隆带,彭县-绵竹向斜带,孝新合构造带和东南斜坡带;最后对七个局部构造进行了分析和构造圈闭要素描述。综合分析确定了龙门山前陆盆地海相地层的区域断裂特征和构造特点,为下一步的油气勘探服务。
Longmen Shan Foreland Basin is located in the western Sichuan Basin, closing to the Longmen Shan thrust belt, in the southeast bordering with east slope of Central Sichuan forebulge. After years of petroleum exploration and development, we confirm that Longmen Shan Foreland Basin is rich in petroleum resources with perfect qualification of reservoir rocks, and there is great exploratory potentiality with lots of Structural traps in marine carbonate layers, Longmen Shan Foreland Basin.
The main contents and results of this paper are listed as follows:
(1) Based on the recent acquisition of 2-D seismic data and logging data in Longmen Shan Foreland Basin, the study work contains horizon calibration, fault interpretation, structural analysis etc, in order to reveal fracture characteristics and structural features of the marine layers.
(2) Understanding the general geology of Longmen Shan Foreland Basin and following foreland basin tectonic theory, horizons calibration and faults interpretation are carried out by according to seismic data process and interpretation, after in progress the analysis of Longmen Shan Foreland Basin structural features applying Fault-related Fold approach.
(3) 6 synthetic seismic records are composed by applying the data of 6 wells, and on 21 seismic reflection profiles, stratigraphic unit demarcation is completed with six main horizons. What’s more, no less than 30 faults are marked and interpreted, and four Structural maps are drawn in marine layers.
(4) According to structural features of the basin, Longmen Shan Foreland Basin is divided into five tectonic units, as follows: LongmenShan-Basin Transition Belt, Longquanshan fold Belt, Pengxian - Mianzhu syncline Zone, Xiaoxinhe structure Zone and Southeast slope Belt. Finally, seven local structures are discussed in order to the analysis and description of elements of structural traps. The comprehensive analysis of regional fracture characteristics of marine layers and structural features in Longmen Shan Foreland Basin, is laying the groundwork for the next step of petroleum exploration.
引文
[1]李勇,曾允孚,伊海生.龙门山前陆盆地沉积及构造演化[M].成都科技大学出版社.1995年11月第一版.
[2]刘树根.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化[M].成都科技大学出版社,1993年9月第一版.
[3] Dong Jia, Guoqi Wei, Zhuxin Chen. Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China: New insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(9): 1425–1447.
[4]陈昭年.石油与天然气地质学[M].地质出版社,2005年8月第一版.
[5]黄福喜,陈洪德,唐静.前陆盆地掩伏构造区油气成藏与勘探分析[J].石油学报,2010, 31(5):729-747.
[6]洪余刚,陈景山,代宗阳.合成地震记录层位精细标定应用研究[J].勘探技术,2005,6:45-49.
[7]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):267-273.
[8]陈广军.合成地震记录制作与标定中的争论及注意的问题[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(4):19-25.
[9]徐礼贵,郑良合.难动用储量开发实用物探技术[M].石油工业出版社,2005年4月.
[10] J.H.肖,C.康纳斯,J.萨普.挤压断层相关褶皱地震解释[M].石油工业出版社,2005年4月第一版.
[11] SUPPE J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding [J]. Amer Jour Sci,1983, 283: 684-721.
[12] SUPPE J. Principles of Structural Geology [J]. Engle-wood Cliffs, N. J: Printice-Hall, Inc., 1985: 341-367.
[13] Jamison WR. Geometric analsis of fold development in overthrust terranes[J], J. Struct. Geol.n 1987, 9: 207-219.
[14]张永刚,马宗晋,杨克明,等.川西坳陷中段海相层系油气勘探潜力分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1041-1048.
[15]罗志立.龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式[J].成都地质学院报,1991,18(1):1-7.
[16]魏国齐,李本亮,陈汉林,等.中国中西部前陆盆地构造特征研究[M].石油工业出版社,2008年5月.
[17]王国芝,刘树根,赵锡奎.龙门山中段川西前陆盆地初始盆山边界及其变迁[J].成都理工大学(自然科学版),2008,(35)4:431-438.
[18]蔡立国,刘和甫.四川前陆盆地褶皱冲断带构造样式与特征[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):115-120.
[19]罗志立.龙门山造山带的崛起和四川盆地的形成与演化[M].成都科技大学出版社,1994.
[20]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18 (1):46 -55.
[21]林茂炳.初论龙门山推覆构造带的基本结构样式[J].成都理工学院学报,1994,21(3):1-7.
[22] James E.Holl,David J.Anastasio. Deformation of a foreland carbonate thrust system,Sawtooth Range,Montana[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletion, 104: 944-953
[23] C.S.Mansfield, J.A.Cartwright. High resolution fault displacement mapping from three- dim ensional seismic data: evidence for dip linkage during fault growth.. Journal of Structural[J]. Geology, 1996, 18: 249-203.
[24] She Fa Chen, C.J.L.Wilson. Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains[J]. Journal of geophysical research, 99 (B12): 24,025-24,038.
[25]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].石油大学出版社,2009年3月第三版.
[26]雷宛.工程与环境物探教程[M].地质出版社,2006年2月第一版.
[27]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):576-578.
[28]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质评论,2008,54(1):37-47.
[29]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18 (1):46 -55.
[30]林茂炳.初论龙门山推覆构造带的基本结构样式[J].成都理工学院学报,1994,21(3):1 -7.
[31]马永旺,杨尽.龙门山中段推覆构造的变形特征[J].成都理工学院学报,2001, 28(3):236-241.
[32]李智武,刘树根,林杰,等.川西坳陷构造格局及其成因机制[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(6):645-654.
[33]叶军.川西海相天然气勘探难点及对策[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):17-22.
[34]吴世祥,王泽成,张林,等.川西前陆盆地勘探思路分析[J].石油与天然气工业,2001, 22(3):20-27.
[35]于兴河.油气储层地质学基础[M].石油工业出版社,2009年4月第一版.
[2]刘树根.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化[M].成都科技大学出版社,1993年9月第一版.
[3] Dong Jia, Guoqi Wei, Zhuxin Chen. Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China: New insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(9): 1425–1447.
[4]陈昭年.石油与天然气地质学[M].地质出版社,2005年8月第一版.
[5]黄福喜,陈洪德,唐静.前陆盆地掩伏构造区油气成藏与勘探分析[J].石油学报,2010, 31(5):729-747.
[6]洪余刚,陈景山,代宗阳.合成地震记录层位精细标定应用研究[J].勘探技术,2005,6:45-49.
[7]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):267-273.
[8]陈广军.合成地震记录制作与标定中的争论及注意的问题[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(4):19-25.
[9]徐礼贵,郑良合.难动用储量开发实用物探技术[M].石油工业出版社,2005年4月.
[10] J.H.肖,C.康纳斯,J.萨普.挤压断层相关褶皱地震解释[M].石油工业出版社,2005年4月第一版.
[11] SUPPE J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding [J]. Amer Jour Sci,1983, 283: 684-721.
[12] SUPPE J. Principles of Structural Geology [J]. Engle-wood Cliffs, N. J: Printice-Hall, Inc., 1985: 341-367.
[13] Jamison WR. Geometric analsis of fold development in overthrust terranes[J], J. Struct. Geol.n 1987, 9: 207-219.
[14]张永刚,马宗晋,杨克明,等.川西坳陷中段海相层系油气勘探潜力分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1041-1048.
[15]罗志立.龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式[J].成都地质学院报,1991,18(1):1-7.
[16]魏国齐,李本亮,陈汉林,等.中国中西部前陆盆地构造特征研究[M].石油工业出版社,2008年5月.
[17]王国芝,刘树根,赵锡奎.龙门山中段川西前陆盆地初始盆山边界及其变迁[J].成都理工大学(自然科学版),2008,(35)4:431-438.
[18]蔡立国,刘和甫.四川前陆盆地褶皱冲断带构造样式与特征[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):115-120.
[19]罗志立.龙门山造山带的崛起和四川盆地的形成与演化[M].成都科技大学出版社,1994.
[20]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18 (1):46 -55.
[21]林茂炳.初论龙门山推覆构造带的基本结构样式[J].成都理工学院学报,1994,21(3):1-7.
[22] James E.Holl,David J.Anastasio. Deformation of a foreland carbonate thrust system,Sawtooth Range,Montana[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletion, 104: 944-953
[23] C.S.Mansfield, J.A.Cartwright. High resolution fault displacement mapping from three- dim ensional seismic data: evidence for dip linkage during fault growth.. Journal of Structural[J]. Geology, 1996, 18: 249-203.
[24] She Fa Chen, C.J.L.Wilson. Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains[J]. Journal of geophysical research, 99 (B12): 24,025-24,038.
[25]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].石油大学出版社,2009年3月第三版.
[26]雷宛.工程与环境物探教程[M].地质出版社,2006年2月第一版.
[27]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):576-578.
[28]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质评论,2008,54(1):37-47.
[29]林茂炳,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18 (1):46 -55.
[30]林茂炳.初论龙门山推覆构造带的基本结构样式[J].成都理工学院学报,1994,21(3):1 -7.
[31]马永旺,杨尽.龙门山中段推覆构造的变形特征[J].成都理工学院学报,2001, 28(3):236-241.
[32]李智武,刘树根,林杰,等.川西坳陷构造格局及其成因机制[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(6):645-654.
[33]叶军.川西海相天然气勘探难点及对策[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):17-22.
[34]吴世祥,王泽成,张林,等.川西前陆盆地勘探思路分析[J].石油与天然气工业,2001, 22(3):20-27.
[35]于兴河.油气储层地质学基础[M].石油工业出版社,2009年4月第一版.
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