生态环境综合指数法在规划环评中的应用研究
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摘要
近年来,生态环境保护逐渐受到重视,各种生态环境影响评价方法也应运而生,但目前的评价方法存在实用性差等缺点,且实际工作中对生态环境评价仅限于定性评价,并不能完整体现出生态环境特征。随着近几年规划环评的兴起,如何对规划区域进行生态环境影响评价成为亟待解决的课题之一。
本论文在回顾国内外相关文献的基础上,基于3S技术,完善综合指数法指标体系,将其运用于区域规划环评,并以嘉东工业园区为实例进行了应用分析。本文通过对遥感影像进行几何校正、镶嵌、裁剪等操作,获得嘉东工业园区生态评价范围的遥感影像基本图,在对遥感影像进行了必要的增强和处理后,采用目视解译的方法获得生态评价所需的各评价因子的值,利用该数据计算出嘉东工业园区生态环境质量指数值。
论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：
首先,对国内外生态环境评价发展状况进行了总结,并对各种评价方法的优缺点进行了比较,找出目前生态环境评价存在的问题。
其次,基于综合指数法,改善了环境质量指数的计算方法,并将完善后的综合指数法运用于规划环评。通过利用环境功能区划确定规划区域的环境质量指数,并采用不同尺度的归一化系数来评价规划区域生态环境质量状况。
再次,以嘉东工业园区为例,对园区的规划前和规划后的生态环境状况进行了评价,得出嘉东工业园区规划后的生态环境状况好于嘉峪关市的生态环境总体状况,生态环境质量在全国处于“较差”水平。针对上述结果,提出了嘉东工业园区的生态恢复方案和生态建设方案。
In recent years, ecological environment protection gradually gets more attention, various methods of environmental impact assessment have emerged, but the current evaluation methods still have some shortcomings. Such as, practical disadvantages, limited to qualitative evaluation, and so on. The existing methods can not complete reflect the characteristics of the ecological environment. With the development of REIA, how to assess ecological environment quality equality of planning area has become one of major problem our study.
Under the background of reviewing related literatures, this paper builds eco-environmental quality evaluation index system based on "3S" technology. In order to prove its application, this paper takes Jia Dong Industrial Park as an example. The paper acquire basic diagram of the Jia Dong Industrial Park by correcting remote sensing video、setting、cutting out and so on. After e Enhancement and processing remote sensing images, this paper obtains the value of the evaluation factors by visual interpretation, using the data, the environmental quality index value of Jia Dong industrial park can be calculated.
The main contents of this paper include the following:
First, in this paper, the development of domestic and foreign environmental assessment is summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods were compared. After it, the paper proposes the current environmental impact assessment problems.
Secondly, under the comprehensive of the integrated index method, this paper establishes environmental quality evaluation index system of planning area. This article has solved the problems of normalization factor in the integrated index method and pollution loads index. The pollution loads index is solved by the use of environmental function, the normalization factor in the integrated index method is solved by using different normalized coefficients, which is droved from different scales.
Thirdly, taking Jia Dong industrial park as an example, this paper evaluated the ecological environment equality before and after the construction of industrial area, obtained the following results:After the construction of Jia Dong industrial park, the ecological environment equality is better than the equal of Jia Yuguan City. At the national scale, the result is in the "poor" level. In response to these findings, this paper proposed the ecological restoration program and eco-building programs of Jia Dong industrial park.
本论文在回顾国内外相关文献的基础上,基于3S技术,完善综合指数法指标体系,将其运用于区域规划环评,并以嘉东工业园区为实例进行了应用分析。本文通过对遥感影像进行几何校正、镶嵌、裁剪等操作,获得嘉东工业园区生态评价范围的遥感影像基本图,在对遥感影像进行了必要的增强和处理后,采用目视解译的方法获得生态评价所需的各评价因子的值,利用该数据计算出嘉东工业园区生态环境质量指数值。
论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：
首先,对国内外生态环境评价发展状况进行了总结,并对各种评价方法的优缺点进行了比较,找出目前生态环境评价存在的问题。
其次,基于综合指数法,改善了环境质量指数的计算方法,并将完善后的综合指数法运用于规划环评。通过利用环境功能区划确定规划区域的环境质量指数,并采用不同尺度的归一化系数来评价规划区域生态环境质量状况。
再次,以嘉东工业园区为例,对园区的规划前和规划后的生态环境状况进行了评价,得出嘉东工业园区规划后的生态环境状况好于嘉峪关市的生态环境总体状况,生态环境质量在全国处于“较差”水平。针对上述结果,提出了嘉东工业园区的生态恢复方案和生态建设方案。
In recent years, ecological environment protection gradually gets more attention, various methods of environmental impact assessment have emerged, but the current evaluation methods still have some shortcomings. Such as, practical disadvantages, limited to qualitative evaluation, and so on. The existing methods can not complete reflect the characteristics of the ecological environment. With the development of REIA, how to assess ecological environment quality equality of planning area has become one of major problem our study.
Under the background of reviewing related literatures, this paper builds eco-environmental quality evaluation index system based on "3S" technology. In order to prove its application, this paper takes Jia Dong Industrial Park as an example. The paper acquire basic diagram of the Jia Dong Industrial Park by correcting remote sensing video、setting、cutting out and so on. After e Enhancement and processing remote sensing images, this paper obtains the value of the evaluation factors by visual interpretation, using the data, the environmental quality index value of Jia Dong industrial park can be calculated.
The main contents of this paper include the following:
First, in this paper, the development of domestic and foreign environmental assessment is summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods were compared. After it, the paper proposes the current environmental impact assessment problems.
Secondly, under the comprehensive of the integrated index method, this paper establishes environmental quality evaluation index system of planning area. This article has solved the problems of normalization factor in the integrated index method and pollution loads index. The pollution loads index is solved by the use of environmental function, the normalization factor in the integrated index method is solved by using different normalized coefficients, which is droved from different scales.
Thirdly, taking Jia Dong industrial park as an example, this paper evaluated the ecological environment equality before and after the construction of industrial area, obtained the following results:After the construction of Jia Dong industrial park, the ecological environment equality is better than the equal of Jia Yuguan City. At the national scale, the result is in the "poor" level. In response to these findings, this paper proposed the ecological restoration program and eco-building programs of Jia Dong industrial park.
引文
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[8]张增祥,彭旭龙,陈晓峰等.生态环境综合评价与动态监测的空间信息定量分析方法及应用[J],环境科学.1999
[9]赵跃龙,脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究[J],资源科学,1999
[10]高志强,刘纪远.中国土地资源生态环境质量状况分析[J].自然资源学报,1998,14(1)：93-96.
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[13]马荣华,胡孟春.基于RS与GIS的自然生态环境评价——以海南岛为例[J].热带地理.2001.09
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[15]来永斌,谢维.抚顺市城市生态环境现状及对策研究[J].环境保护科学,2002,28(110)：36-38
[16]金福杰,王妍.遥感和GIS技术在土地利用现状调查中的应用[J].环境保护科学,2005,31(128)：44-46.
[17]张韬,王炜.遥感信息在土地资源等级划分与质量评价中的应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(6)：60-65.
[18]郑淑娟,闽江流域生态环境质量评价[J],林业勘察设计,福建,2007.1
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[27]吴小萍,杨晓宇,冉茂平.基于图形叠置法的铁路选线环境影响评价综合评价研究[J].中国铁道科学,2004,25(4)：125-127.
[28]曾志新,罗军等.生物多样性的评价指标和评价标准[J].湖南林业科技,1999,26(2)：26-29.
[29]史作民,程瑞梅等。区域生态系统多样性评价方法[J].农村生态环境,1996,12(2)：1-5.
[30]唐古辉,马逊风,马宏军.景观生态学理论在流域环境影响评价中的应用[J].环境评价,2004,(5)
[31]游先祥主编.遥感原理及在资源环境中的应用[M].北京,中国林业出版社,2003
[32]冯仲科主编.测量学原理[M].背景,中国林业出版社,2002
[33]施拥军等.3S技术在林业种的应用[J].浙江林业科技,2002
[34]李德仁.论RS、 GPS、 GIS集成的定义、理论与关键技术[J].遥感学报,1997
[35]马荣华等.数字地球时代3S集成的发展[J].地理科学发展,2001
[36]陈利容,刘奇勇.GIS在区域生态评价中的作用[J].河北农业科学.2008.12.117-120
[37]刘洪岐.基于RS和GIS的北京市生态环境评价研究[J],首都师范大学硕士论文,2008.5
[38]张晖,王晓峰,汶婵等.基于RS和GIS的黑河流域景观生态综合评价[J].山西师范大学学报.2010.1
[39]徐兴奎,陈红,张凤,中国西北地区地表植被覆盖特征的时空变化及影响因子分析[J],环境科学,2007.1
[40]马荣华,黄杏元.海南生态环境现状评价与变化分析[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2001,37(3)
[41]贾德峰,张翠萍.基于GIS的生态环境影响评价建模方法初探[J].四川环境,2009,28(3)：58-60
[42]张建龙,吕新.基于RS和GIS技术的石河子垦区绿洲生态环境质量评价[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(13)：6046-6049
[43]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京.高等教育出版社.2004,224-250
[44]刘建红,徐建军,李诚,李俊涛.基于遥感更新的省级生物丰度归一化系数研究——以湖北省为例[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版).2007.12
[45]John Lyle.Design for Human Ecosystems:Landscape,Land Use,and Natural esources[M]. Island Press,1985.
[46]甘肃嘉峪关工业园区总体规划(2008-2020)[M].兰州大学.2007
[47]王雪晶,魏仲慧,孙文军等.彩色遥感图像的几何校正[J].系统工程与电子技术.2001.1
[48]周成虎,遥感影象地学理解与分析[M].科学出版社,2002
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[51]嘉峪关市环保局,嘉峪关市环境功能区划
[2]董鸣飞等.海南省生态环境质量分析与综合评价[M].中山大学出版社,1985年
[3]夏勇.区域水环境及生态环境质量评价——多级灰关联评估理论与应用[J].环境科学.1999
[4]毛文永著.生态环境影响评价概论(修订版)[M].中国环境科学出版社,2003年6月,第1版.
[5]杨树华,黄思铭,欧晓昆等.云南省生态现状综合评价研究[J].云南大学学报.19992
[6]夏勇.区域水环境及生态环境质量评价——多级灰关联评估理论与应用[J].环境科学.1999
[7]白洁,王学恭.基于生态位理论的甘肃省城市竞争力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009.3
[8]张增祥,彭旭龙,陈晓峰等.生态环境综合评价与动态监测的空间信息定量分析方法及应用[J],环境科学.1999
[9]赵跃龙,脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究[J],资源科学,1999
[10]高志强,刘纪远.中国土地资源生态环境质量状况分析[J].自然资源学报,1998,14(1)：93-96.
[11]叶亚平,刘鲁君等.中国省域生态环境质量评价指标体系研究[J].环境科学研究,2000,3
[12]刘全友,张遂业.晋冀鲁豫接壤区生态环境现状评价[J].生态学报,1998,18(6)：582-588.
[13]马荣华,胡孟春.基于RS与GIS的自然生态环境评价——以海南岛为例[J].热带地理.2001.09
[14]王建,李文君,宋冬梅等,近30年来民勤土地荒漠化变化遥感分析[J],遥感学报,2004.5
[15]来永斌,谢维.抚顺市城市生态环境现状及对策研究[J].环境保护科学,2002,28(110)：36-38
[16]金福杰,王妍.遥感和GIS技术在土地利用现状调查中的应用[J].环境保护科学,2005,31(128)：44-46.
[17]张韬,王炜.遥感信息在土地资源等级划分与质量评价中的应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(6)：60-65.
[18]郑淑娟,闽江流域生态环境质量评价[J],林业勘察设计,福建,2007.1
[19]Mikael Gontier, Special Issue on Data and Scale Issues for SEA, E. Joao (Guest Editor)Scale issues in the assessment of ecological impacts using a GIS-based habitat model- A case study for the Stockholm region[J], ScienceDirect,2007.3
[20]Antunes P, Santos R, Jordao L. The application of Geographical Information Systems to determine environmental impact significance[J]. Environ Impact Asses Rev 2001;21:511-35.
[21]Atkinson SF, Bhatia S, Schoolmaster FA, Waller WT. Treatment of biodiversity impacts in a sample of US environmental impact statements[J]. Impact Assess Proj Apprais 2000
[22]Cooper LM. Guidelines for cumulative effects assessment in SEA of plans. EPMG Occasional Paper 04/LMC/CEA[J], Imperial College London; 2004.
[23]ReeWE.EeologiealfootPrintandaPProPriatedearryingeaPacitywhaturbaneeonomicsleavesout [J}.Environment and Urbanization,1992
[24]FriekerA.TheeeologiealfootPrintofNewZealandasastePtowardssustainability[J].Ecologieal Economies,1998
[25]Van PD, Sinews VE. Ecological footprints of Benin, Bhutan, Cost a Riea and the Netherlands [J].Eeol.Econ,2000
[26].LarryW.C.EnvironmentalimPaetassessment[M].MeGrawHill:Ine.l996
[27]吴小萍,杨晓宇,冉茂平.基于图形叠置法的铁路选线环境影响评价综合评价研究[J].中国铁道科学,2004,25(4)：125-127.
[28]曾志新,罗军等.生物多样性的评价指标和评价标准[J].湖南林业科技,1999,26(2)：26-29.
[29]史作民,程瑞梅等。区域生态系统多样性评价方法[J].农村生态环境,1996,12(2)：1-5.
[30]唐古辉,马逊风,马宏军.景观生态学理论在流域环境影响评价中的应用[J].环境评价,2004,(5)
[31]游先祥主编.遥感原理及在资源环境中的应用[M].北京,中国林业出版社,2003
[32]冯仲科主编.测量学原理[M].背景,中国林业出版社,2002
[33]施拥军等.3S技术在林业种的应用[J].浙江林业科技,2002
[34]李德仁.论RS、 GPS、 GIS集成的定义、理论与关键技术[J].遥感学报,1997
[35]马荣华等.数字地球时代3S集成的发展[J].地理科学发展,2001
[36]陈利容,刘奇勇.GIS在区域生态评价中的作用[J].河北农业科学.2008.12.117-120
[37]刘洪岐.基于RS和GIS的北京市生态环境评价研究[J],首都师范大学硕士论文,2008.5
[38]张晖,王晓峰,汶婵等.基于RS和GIS的黑河流域景观生态综合评价[J].山西师范大学学报.2010.1
[39]徐兴奎,陈红,张凤,中国西北地区地表植被覆盖特征的时空变化及影响因子分析[J],环境科学,2007.1
[40]马荣华,黄杏元.海南生态环境现状评价与变化分析[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2001,37(3)
[41]贾德峰,张翠萍.基于GIS的生态环境影响评价建模方法初探[J].四川环境,2009,28(3)：58-60
[42]张建龙,吕新.基于RS和GIS技术的石河子垦区绿洲生态环境质量评价[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(13)：6046-6049
[43]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京.高等教育出版社.2004,224-250
[44]刘建红,徐建军,李诚,李俊涛.基于遥感更新的省级生物丰度归一化系数研究——以湖北省为例[J].江汉大学学报(自然科学版).2007.12
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