地球化学弱信息提取技术研究
摘要
随着勘查地球化学应用和理论研究的深入，常规的化探方法技术已走向成熟。自20世纪90年代以来，全球勘查地球化学转向覆盖区特别是运积物覆盖区方法技术研究上。地球化学弱信息提取技术作为可在覆盖区应用的重要方法之一，成为各国化探界的研究热点。本论文选择黄土覆盖区进行方法有效性实验研究，并通过各种实验手段，对某些问题进行必要的理论探索，试图为地球化学弱信息提取技术最终走向成熟打基础。
本文采用原子吸收法作为基本分析方法，并以ICP／MS为比较方法，通过选择性循序提取试验，研究了甘肃蛟龙掌多金属矿和河北张全庄金矿黄土覆盖条件下，地表黄土中地球化学弱信息特征。进一步证明弱信息提取在勘查隐伏矿方面的有效性。但与国外重点关注非晶质铁锰氧化物如酶、盐酸羟氨提取结果不同，在我国北方半干旱黄土覆盖景观区，粘土吸附和碳酸盐结合态金属元素的提取为最有效的提取步骤。而游离态、有机结合态的提取效果则受景观控制变化较大。铁锰氧化物态硅酸盐结合态金属元素在厚黄土覆盖区对矿带无指示意义。
吸附和解吸试验研究表明，黄土对金属离子具有很强的吸附能力：对于浓度较高的水—土体系，深部黄土和红土吸附能力大于地表黄土；而对于更接近自然界条件的低浓度水—土体系(ng级／ml)，地表黄土吸附效率高于深部黄土，使以离子形式迁移的一部分金属在地表黄土中得以被吸附固定而形成异常，这部分金属可被中性盐提取剂提取。
黄土覆盖区主要分布在干旱半干旱地区，次生碳酸盐在地表土壤中普遍存在，蒸发所产生的毛细作用、地气流的上升作用等所带入的各种形式金属元素，在地表土壤(黄土)与碳酸盐发生共沉淀或被吸持。实验表明，这部分金属可被醋酸有效提取。
不同浓度醋酸提取，黄土的结构、重量和矿物组成发生不同变化：黄土团粒界限变得模糊并出现孔洞，可能说明次生碳酸盐在黄土中主要成胶结物存在；随醋酸浓度增高，黄土重量逐渐降低，但当醋酸浓度大于3％后，重量变化明显变小；黄土中碳酸盐矿物含量逐渐降低，当醋酸浓度＞3％后，变化范围明显变小。
浓度提取试验结果表明，选择合适的提取剂浓度，可从根本上改善提取效果。与前人认识不同，进行可交换态(粘土吸附)和碳酸盐结合态弱信息提取时，不是提高提取剂浓度，而是降低浓度。在类似于蛟龙掌半干旱黄土覆盖景观区，醋酸提取剂浓度应小于或等于2％，氯化铵浓度小于或等于1％。因此，在覆盖区应用弱信息提取方法时，应结合景观和样品特征，采用实验方法确定合适的提取剂浓度。
中国地质大学(北京)博士论文
弱信息铅同位素示踪发现，蛟龙掌矿区各地质母体铅同位素差异明显，利于进行
同位素示踪。背景区土壤氯化氨和醋酸提取铅同位素组成与矿化区有所差异，但由于
矿带上方铅元素异常弱，范围窄，因此，其同位素差异相对较小，比较而言，醋酸提
取铅差异相对较大。不同地质母体对比分析发现，矿带上方土壤样品异常铅具双重来
源特征:即来自黄土和多金属矿化体。证明同位素示踪覆盖区弱信息物质来源思路可
行，但需要进行进一步探索。
With the development of application and theory of Exploration Geochemistry, conventional geochemical techniques have gradually become mature. Since last decade of 20 centuries, global Exploration Geochemistry turns to study the methods and the techniques of geochemical exploration in overburdens. The techniques to extract the weak geochemical signals for exploring the concealed mineralizations have been a hit among global exploration geochemists.
Choosing the atomic absorption spectrometry as a basic analytic method and ICP/ MS as a contrast method and Using the sequential selective extraction schedule, the characteristics of weak geochemical signals from deeply concealed deposits were studied in loess covered Jiaolongzhang polymetallic deposit and Zhangquanzhuang gold deposit. The results show that extracting the weak signal by selective dissolution of sample can be useful to explore the concealed mineralizations in overburden.
Apart from geochemists from western countries, which paid a particular attention on amorphous iron-manganese oxides extracted by enzyme or 0.1 ~0.25M NH2OH ?HC1, our results show that the extraction of metals adsorbed by clay and bound to the carbonate in soil is most useful to identify the concealed mineralizations in the semiarid and loess covered terrains, northern China. Water soluble and organic-bound metals vary greatly with terrains and deposits. Other bound metals related to iron-manganese oxides and silicate indicate no change above the loess covered deposits.
The tests of metal absorption and de-absorption on loess and red layer demonstrate that the loess soil is a very strong absorbent to metals. When metals in water-soil solution is high (>1 X 10-6), absorptive ability for loess in depth and red earth is higher than loess in surface soil. But when metals When metals in water-soil solution is low (>1 X 10-6), which is much closer to the natural conditions, absorptive ability for loess in surface soil is bigger than loess in depth and red earth. Therefore, metals moving upwards from mineralizations may be absorbed and form weak geochemical anomalies (weak signals) in surface loess. The metals can be effectively extracted by neutral salt.
Loess-covered area in China is primarily distributed at the semiarid region, the secondary carbonates, which were formed after precipitation of ions through evaporation and capillary processes, are widespread in the surface soil. The metals transported in the various forms by the above processes can be co-consolidated with carbonate precipitation in the top soil, can easily be extracted by HO Ac.
The structure, weight and mineral constituents of loess change with varies on concentration of HO Ac: the boundary between the grain become unclear after different
gradually, but when HOAc>3 %, the weight change become smaller. Also with increasing of HO Ac concentration, the carbonates in loess decreases gradually, while HOAc>3%, the change become smaller.
The metal content of Extractants by different NH4C1 and HO Ac extraction shows that a reasonable selection of solvent concentration is key to improve the effects of response to mineralizations.
Different from the existing cognition, the concentration of solvent should be much lower rather than higher when extracting the metals absorbed on clay minerals and bound to carbonates. To the terrain like Jiaolongzhang area, HOAc should be less than 2% to extract carbonates and NH4C1 should be less than 1%. Therefore, to use the weak signal extraction technique in overburden approportely, we should decide the extraction procedures after thoroughly test.
The tracing of lead isotopes indicates different matrixes of lead isotopes have great difference, which makes an Pb isotope tracing is much easier to identify the sources of Pb. The Pb isotopes extracted by NH4C1 and HOAc in the background soil are slightly different from that in soil above the known ore bodies. But the different is quite small for the Pb anomalies extracted by both solvents is much weak. In contrast with different matri
本文采用原子吸收法作为基本分析方法，并以ICP／MS为比较方法，通过选择性循序提取试验，研究了甘肃蛟龙掌多金属矿和河北张全庄金矿黄土覆盖条件下，地表黄土中地球化学弱信息特征。进一步证明弱信息提取在勘查隐伏矿方面的有效性。但与国外重点关注非晶质铁锰氧化物如酶、盐酸羟氨提取结果不同，在我国北方半干旱黄土覆盖景观区，粘土吸附和碳酸盐结合态金属元素的提取为最有效的提取步骤。而游离态、有机结合态的提取效果则受景观控制变化较大。铁锰氧化物态硅酸盐结合态金属元素在厚黄土覆盖区对矿带无指示意义。
吸附和解吸试验研究表明，黄土对金属离子具有很强的吸附能力：对于浓度较高的水—土体系，深部黄土和红土吸附能力大于地表黄土；而对于更接近自然界条件的低浓度水—土体系(ng级／ml)，地表黄土吸附效率高于深部黄土，使以离子形式迁移的一部分金属在地表黄土中得以被吸附固定而形成异常，这部分金属可被中性盐提取剂提取。
黄土覆盖区主要分布在干旱半干旱地区，次生碳酸盐在地表土壤中普遍存在，蒸发所产生的毛细作用、地气流的上升作用等所带入的各种形式金属元素，在地表土壤(黄土)与碳酸盐发生共沉淀或被吸持。实验表明，这部分金属可被醋酸有效提取。
不同浓度醋酸提取，黄土的结构、重量和矿物组成发生不同变化：黄土团粒界限变得模糊并出现孔洞，可能说明次生碳酸盐在黄土中主要成胶结物存在；随醋酸浓度增高，黄土重量逐渐降低，但当醋酸浓度大于3％后，重量变化明显变小；黄土中碳酸盐矿物含量逐渐降低，当醋酸浓度＞3％后，变化范围明显变小。
浓度提取试验结果表明，选择合适的提取剂浓度，可从根本上改善提取效果。与前人认识不同，进行可交换态(粘土吸附)和碳酸盐结合态弱信息提取时，不是提高提取剂浓度，而是降低浓度。在类似于蛟龙掌半干旱黄土覆盖景观区，醋酸提取剂浓度应小于或等于2％，氯化铵浓度小于或等于1％。因此，在覆盖区应用弱信息提取方法时，应结合景观和样品特征，采用实验方法确定合适的提取剂浓度。
中国地质大学(北京)博士论文
弱信息铅同位素示踪发现，蛟龙掌矿区各地质母体铅同位素差异明显，利于进行
同位素示踪。背景区土壤氯化氨和醋酸提取铅同位素组成与矿化区有所差异，但由于
矿带上方铅元素异常弱，范围窄，因此，其同位素差异相对较小，比较而言，醋酸提
取铅差异相对较大。不同地质母体对比分析发现，矿带上方土壤样品异常铅具双重来
源特征:即来自黄土和多金属矿化体。证明同位素示踪覆盖区弱信息物质来源思路可
行，但需要进行进一步探索。
With the development of application and theory of Exploration Geochemistry, conventional geochemical techniques have gradually become mature. Since last decade of 20 centuries, global Exploration Geochemistry turns to study the methods and the techniques of geochemical exploration in overburdens. The techniques to extract the weak geochemical signals for exploring the concealed mineralizations have been a hit among global exploration geochemists.
Choosing the atomic absorption spectrometry as a basic analytic method and ICP/ MS as a contrast method and Using the sequential selective extraction schedule, the characteristics of weak geochemical signals from deeply concealed deposits were studied in loess covered Jiaolongzhang polymetallic deposit and Zhangquanzhuang gold deposit. The results show that extracting the weak signal by selective dissolution of sample can be useful to explore the concealed mineralizations in overburden.
Apart from geochemists from western countries, which paid a particular attention on amorphous iron-manganese oxides extracted by enzyme or 0.1 ~0.25M NH2OH ?HC1, our results show that the extraction of metals adsorbed by clay and bound to the carbonate in soil is most useful to identify the concealed mineralizations in the semiarid and loess covered terrains, northern China. Water soluble and organic-bound metals vary greatly with terrains and deposits. Other bound metals related to iron-manganese oxides and silicate indicate no change above the loess covered deposits.
The tests of metal absorption and de-absorption on loess and red layer demonstrate that the loess soil is a very strong absorbent to metals. When metals in water-soil solution is high (>1 X 10-6), absorptive ability for loess in depth and red earth is higher than loess in surface soil. But when metals When metals in water-soil solution is low (>1 X 10-6), which is much closer to the natural conditions, absorptive ability for loess in surface soil is bigger than loess in depth and red earth. Therefore, metals moving upwards from mineralizations may be absorbed and form weak geochemical anomalies (weak signals) in surface loess. The metals can be effectively extracted by neutral salt.
Loess-covered area in China is primarily distributed at the semiarid region, the secondary carbonates, which were formed after precipitation of ions through evaporation and capillary processes, are widespread in the surface soil. The metals transported in the various forms by the above processes can be co-consolidated with carbonate precipitation in the top soil, can easily be extracted by HO Ac.
The structure, weight and mineral constituents of loess change with varies on concentration of HO Ac: the boundary between the grain become unclear after different
gradually, but when HOAc>3 %, the weight change become smaller. Also with increasing of HO Ac concentration, the carbonates in loess decreases gradually, while HOAc>3%, the change become smaller.
The metal content of Extractants by different NH4C1 and HO Ac extraction shows that a reasonable selection of solvent concentration is key to improve the effects of response to mineralizations.
Different from the existing cognition, the concentration of solvent should be much lower rather than higher when extracting the metals absorbed on clay minerals and bound to carbonates. To the terrain like Jiaolongzhang area, HOAc should be less than 2% to extract carbonates and NH4C1 should be less than 1%. Therefore, to use the weak signal extraction technique in overburden approportely, we should decide the extraction procedures after thoroughly test.
The tracing of lead isotopes indicates different matrixes of lead isotopes have great difference, which makes an Pb isotope tracing is much easier to identify the sources of Pb. The Pb isotopes extracted by NH4C1 and HOAc in the background soil are slightly different from that in soil above the known ore bodies. But the different is quite small for the Pb anomalies extracted by both solvents is much weak. In contrast with different matri
引文
[1] 一种微生物找矿法：梅斯基特矿床的一个案例，物探与化探译丛，1993，№5，P51。
[2] 吴传璧，施俊法，上置晕与物质的“类气相”垂向迁移，地学前缘，第5卷，第1～2期．
[3] 龚美菱著，《相态分析与地质找矿》，地质出版社，1994年4月。
[4] Zeissink, H.E., 1971． Trace element behaviour in two nickeliferous laterite profile. Chem. Geol.7, 25-36．
[5] Chao, T.T., 1972． Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and sediments withacidified hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. 36,764-
[6] Loganathan, P., Burau, R.G., 1973． Sorption of metal ions by a hydrous manganese oxide.Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37,1277-1293．
[7] Anderson, B.J., Jenne, E.A., Chao, T.T., 1973． The sorption of silver by poorly crystallised manganese oxides. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37,611-622．
[8] Bradshaw, P.M.D., Thomson, 1． , Smee, B.W., Larsson, J.O., 1974． The application of different analytical extractions and soil profile sampling in exploration geochemistry. J. Geochem. Explor. 3,209-225．
[9] Chao, T.T., Theobald, P.K., 1976． The significance of iron and manganese oxides in geochemical exploration. Econ. Geol. 71,1560-1569．
[10] Gatehouse, S., Russell, D.W., Van Moort, J.C., 1977． Sequential soil analysis in exploration geochemistry. J. Geochem. Explor. 8,483-494．
[11] Bascomb. C.L., Thanigasalam, K., 1978． Comparison of aqueous acetylacetone and potassium pyrophosphate solution for selective extraction of organic-bound Fe from soils. J. Soil Sci. 29,382-387．
[12] Thompson, M., Howarth, R.J., 1978． A new approach to the estimation of analytical precision. J. Geochem. Explor. 9,23-30．
[13] Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Bisson, M., 1979． Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem. 51,844-850．
[14] Hoffman, S.J. and Fletcher, W. K., 1979． Selective sequential extraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Mo from soils and sediments. In: J. R. Watterson and P.K. Theobald (editors), Geochemical Exploration 1978, Rexdate, Ont., pp. 289-299．
[15] Rendell, P.S., Batley, G.E., Cameron, AJ., 1980． Adsorption as a control of metal concentrations in sediment extracts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14,314-318． Jeanroy, E., Guillet, B., 1981． The occurrence of suspended ferruginous particles in pyrophosphate extracts of some soil horizons. Geoderma 26,95-105．
[16] Sondag, F. 1981． Selective extraction procedures applied to geochemical prospecting in an area of old mine workings. J. Geochem. Explor. 15,645-652．
[17] Borggaard. O.K., 1982． Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxides by EDTA from selected silicates and mixtures of amorphous and crystalline iron oxides. Clay Miner. 17, 365-368．
[18] Chao, T.T., Zhou, L., 1983． Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron
oxides from soils and sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. 47, 225-232．
[19] Robbins, J.M., Lyie, M. Heath, G.R., 1984． A sequential extraction procedure for partitioning elements among coexisting phases in marine sediments. College of Oceanography, Rep.84-3, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
[20] Chao T. T., 1984． Use of partial dissolution techniques in geochemical exploration. J.Geochem. Explor., 20:101-125．
[21] Span, D., Gaillard, J.F., 1986． An investigation of a procedure for determining carbonate-bound trace metals. Chem. Geol. 56,135-141．
[22] Pickering, W.F., 1986． Metal ion speciation in soils and sediments (a review). Ore Geol. Rev.1,83-146．
[23] Schnitzer, M., Schuppli, P., 1989． Method for the sequential extraction of organic matter from soils and soil fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 1418-1424．
[24] Belzile, N., Lecornte, P., Tessier, A., 1989． Testing readsorption of trace elements during partial chemical extractions of bottom sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1015-1020．
[25] Kersten, M., Forstner, U. 1989． Speciation of trace elements in sediments. In: Batley, G. (Ed.), Trace Element Speciation: Analytical Methods and Problems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 245-317．
[26] Taylor, R.M., 1990． Some observations on the formation and transformation of iron oxides. In: De Boodt, M.F. (Ed.), Soil Colloids and Their Associations in Aggregates. Plenum Press,New York, pp. 85-103．
[27] Antropova, L.V., Goldberg, I.S., Voroshilov, N.A., Ryss. Ju.S., 1992． New methods of regional exploration for blind mineralization: application in the USSR. J. Geochem. Explor. 43,157-166．
[28] Butt, C.R.M., Zeegers, H., 1992． Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Tropical Terrains and Subtropical Terrains. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 607 pp.
[29] Clark,J.R,1992． Detection of bedrock-related geochemical anomalies at the surface of transported overburden. Explore (AEG Newslett.) 76． 4-11．
[30] Clark, J.R., 1993． Enzyme-induced leaching of B-horizon soils for mineral exploration in areas of glacial overburden: Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., 102:819-29．
[31] Qiang, T, Xiao-Quan, S., Jin, Q., Zhe-Ming, N., 1994． Trace element redistribution during extraction of model soils by acetic acid/sodium acetate. Anal. Chem. 66, 3562-3568．
[32] Hale, M., Plant, J.A., 1994． Drainage Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 766 pp.
[33] Clark,J.R,1995． Innovative enzyme leach provides cost-effective overburden penetration. In: Extended Abstracts, 17th IGES,15-19 May,Townsville,Qid.
[34] Hall, G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., Vaive, J.E., 1995． Readsorption of gold during the selective extraction of the 'soluble organic' phase of humus, soil and sediment samples. J. Geochem. Explor. 54,27-38．
[35] Watling, R. J., Herbert, H. K., and Abell, I.D., 1995． The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to the analysis of selected sulphide minerals. Chem. Geol. 124(1/2) :67-81．
[36] Hall,G. E. M., 1996． Twenty-five years in geoanalysis, 1970-1995． J. Geochem. Explor. 57,1-8 .
[37] Hall,G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., Pelchat, J.c., Gauthier, G., 1996a. Selective leaches revisited, with emphasis on the amorphous fe oxyhydroxide phase extraction. J. Geochem. Explor.56,59-78．
[38] Hall,G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., ., 1996b. Analytical aspects of the application of sodium pyrophosphate reagent in the specific extraction of the labile organic component of humus and soils. J. Geochem. Explor.56,23-36．
[39] Hall,G.E.M. and PeIchat,P., 1997a. Comparison of two reageants sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide, in the extraction of labile metal organic complexes. Water Air soil Pollut.,
[40] Hall,G.E.M. and Pelchat,P., 1997b. Comparability of results obtained by the use of different selective extraction schemes.two reageants sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide, in the extraction of labile metal organic complexes. Water Air soil Pollut.,
[41] Hall, G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., Pelchat, J.C., Gauthier, G., 1997a. Comparison of the techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the determination of Bi, Se and Te by hydride generation. Chem. Geol. 137,79-89．
[42] Hall, G.E.M., Vaive, J.E., Button, P., 1997b. Detection of past underground nuclear events by geochemical signatures in soils. Geochem. Explor. 59, 145-162．
[43] Hall, G.E.M., Pelchat, P., 1997a. Comparison of two reagents, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide, in the extraction of labile metal organic complexes. Water Air Soil Pollut., in press.
[44] Hall, G.E.M., Pelchat, P., 1997b. Comparabi'ity of results obtained by the use of different selective extraction schemes. Water Air Soil Pollut., in press.
[45] Gray,D.J., Lintern, M.J., Longman, G.D., 1998． Readsorption of gold during selective extraction observations and potential solutions. J. Geochem. Explor.61,21-38．
[46] Hall,G.E.M., 1998． Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration.. J. Geochem. Explor.61,1-20．
[47] Wang, X., 1998． Leaching of mobile forms of metals in overburden: development and application. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 39-56．
[48] Hall,G.E.M., 1998． Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration.. J. Geochem. Explor.61,1-20．
[49] Mann, A.W., Birell, Mann, A.T., Humphreys D.B. and Perdrix J.L., 1998． Application of the movile metal ion technique to routine geochemical exploration. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 57-86．
[50] Yeager, J.R., Clark J.R., Mitchell W. And Renshaw R., 1998． Enzyme leach anomalies associated with deep Mississippi Valley-type zinc ore bodies at the Elmwood Mine, Tennessee. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 88-103．
[51] Smee, B.W., 1998． A new theory to explain the formation of soil geochemical responses over deeply covered gold mineralization in arid environments. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 149-172．
[52] Cohen, D.R., Shen, X..C., Dunlop, A.C., and Rutherford, N.F., 1998． A comparison of selective extraction soil geochemistry and biogeochemistry in the Cobar area New South Wales. J. Geochem. Explor.61,173-190．
[53] Cardoso E., and Ferreira da Silva, E., 1998． Application of selective extraction techniques in metal-bearing phases identification: a South European case study. J .Geochem..Explor.61,
203-212．
[54] Bajc,A.F,1998． A comparative analysis of enzyme leach and mobile metal ion selective extractions; case studies from glaciated terrain, northern Ontario. J. Geochem. Explor. 61,113-148．
[55] Hall, G. E. M., MacLaurin, A. I., and Garrett, R. G., 1998． Assessment of the 1M NH4NO3 extraction protocal to identify Mobil forms of Cd in soils. J. Geochem. Explor. 64:153-159．
[56] Fedikow, M. A. F. And Ziehlke, D. V., 1998． Enzyme leach and Mobil metal ion B-horizon soil geochemical signatures of buried geophysical conductors, Assean Lake Area, northeast Manitoba; Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines, Mineral Resources Division, Open File Report OF98-3． 36P.
[57] Hamilton, S.M., 1998． Electrochemical mass-transport in overburden: a new model to account for the formation of selective leach geochemical anomalies in glacial terrain. J. Geochem. Explor. 63(3) : 155-172．
[58] Gray,DJ., Wildman, J.E., Longman, G.C., 1999． Selective and partial extraction analyses of transported overburden for gold exploration in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. J. Geochem. Explor. 67:51-66．
[59] Pwa, A., Mcqueen, K.G., Scott, K.M., and von Moort, J.C., 1999． Regolith geochemical exploration using acid insoluble residues as a sample medium for gold and base metal deposits in the Cobar region, N.S.W., Australia. J. Geochem. Explor. 67:15-31．
[60] Bendell-Young, L.,1999． Contrasting the sorption of Zn by oxyhydroxides of Mn and Fe, and organic matter along the mineral-poor to mineral-rich fen gradient. Applied geochemistry. 14(6) :719-734．
[61] Lis. J.,Pasieczna, A., and Taraskevicius, R.,1999． Total and partial extraction of selected elements in soils of the Poland-Lithuania borderland. J. Geochem. Ecplor. 66(1/2) :211-217．
[62] Pauwels, H. Baubron, J. C., Freyssinet, P., and Chesneau, M.,1999． Sorption of metallic compounds on activated carbon: applications for concealed deposits in southern Spain. J. Geochem. Explor. 66(1/2) 115-133．
[63] Pwa, A. And van Moort, J. C., 1999． Geochemical exploration using acid soluble residues of rocks from volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, Rosebery area, western Tasmania. J. Geochem. Explor. 66(1/2) 55-69．
[64] Xie, X., Wang, X., Xu, L., Krementsky, A. A., and Cheneau, M., 1999． Orientation study of strategic deep penetration geochemical methods in the central Kyzykum desert terrain, Uzbekistan. J. Geochem. Explor. 66(1/2) 135-143．
[65] Wang-Xueqiu, Xie-Xuejing, Cheng-Zhizhong and Liu-Dawen, 1999． Delineation of regional geochemical anomalies penetrating through thick cover in concealed terrains; a case history from the Olympic Dam deposit, Australia. Jour. Geochem. Explor., 66; 1-2, Pages 85-97．
[66] Smee, B. W., 1999． The effect of soil composition on weak leach solution pH: a potential exploration tool in arid environments. Explore, No 102:4-7．
[67] Li, X. D. and Thornton, I. 1994． Partitioning of heavy metals in soils contaminated by mining and smelting activities. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 16: 93．
[68] Li, X. D., Coles, B.J., Ramsey, M.H. and Thornton, 1． 1995． Sequential extraction of soils for
multielement analysis by ICP-AES. Chemical Geology, 124: 109-123．
[69] Li, X. D., Coles, B.J., Ramsey, M.H. and Thornton, I. 1995． Chemical partitioning of the new NIST SRMS (2709-2711) by sequential extraction using ICP-AES. Analyst 120: 1415-1419．
[70] Li, X.D., Wang, X.R., Sun, H., Poon, C.S., Zhang, H.S., 1999． Concentration and Chemical Partitioning of heavy Metals in Urban soils in Nanjing, China. Proceedings of International Conference on Urban Pollution Control Technology, pp. 589-594． October 1999, Hong Kong.
[71] Li, X.D., Shen, Z.G., Wai, W. H. O. and Li, Y.S. 2000． Chemical partitioning of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability,12, 17-25．
[72] Li, X.D., Shen, Z.G., Wai, W. H. O. and Li, Y.S. 2001． Chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in the sediment profiles of the Pearl River Estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42, 215-223．
[73] Li, X.D., Poon, C.S. and Liu, P.S. 2001． Concentration and chemical partitioning of road dusts and urban soils in Hong Kong. Applied Geochemistry, 16,1361-1368．
[74] Kelley, David,2001． Geochemical variations in postbimbo cover-implications for use of partial extraction geochemistry for porphyry copper exploration in Northern Chile. Explore 111:1-8．
[75] A. Chow, and R. D.; Chow, A. The separation and isolation of gold by selective extraction and transport through a polyurethane ether type membrane. Talanta (1996) 43(9 ... http://www.umanitoba.ca/chemistry/staff/staff_de/chow.html[More results from www.umanitoba.ca]
[76] Chemical & Energy Research Section Process Chemistry Group Demonstration of Solvent Extraction or Selective Leaching Treatment Technologies http://www.ornl.gov/divisions/ctd/Chem_Dev/leach.htm [More results from www.ornl.gov]
[77] Fabri Marsicano ... on structure-activity relations, to model metal-ligand systems used in the selective solvent extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution, with a view to the ... http://www.chem.wits.ac.za/staff/fm.shtml [More results from www.chem.wits.ac.za]
[78] Fifth P&T Information Exchange Meeting,... Selective Extraction of Ce(IV) as a First Step of the SESAME Process N. Faure, L. Donnet, JM Adnet. http://www.oecdnea.org/html/pt/docs/IEM/mol98/ [More results from www.oecdnea.org]
[79] Finch, James... option (lime treatment). Two approaches are being explored. A. Selective extraction using amine complexing agents (eg, diethylenetriamine, DETA) and subsequent... http://www.enviroaccess.ca/repertoire/page50． html [More results from www.enviroaccess.ca]
[80] JAAS, Recent Publications in AAS-January 1999,... Selective extraction of iron oxide associated arsenic species from sediments for speciation with coupled HPLC-HG-AAS. Gomez-Ariza, J. L., Sanchez-Rodas, D ... [More results from www.rsc.org]
[81] JAAS, Recent Publications in AAS-July 1998 ... 1757 Determination of heavy metals in lake and river sediments by selective leaching. Bodog, I., Polyak, K., Hlavay, J. Dept. Anal. Chem., Univ. Veszprem, 8201 ... http://www.rsc.org/is/journals/current/jaas/rp98_07． htm [More results from www.rsc.org]
[82] La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: ILE DE FRANCE-PETIT......target in nitric acid and continued with an original process of selective extraction of the different transuranic elements in an organic solvent" [CEANo v.70] . http://www.francenuc.org/en_sites/idfp_font_e.htm [More results from www.francenuc.org]
[83] MSc / Diploma in Analytical Chemistry-Module Information and extraction. Separations, pH control and masking reactions in selective extraction and suppression of analytical interference effects. Reviews of ... http://www.salford.ac.uk/chemist/mscfac.html [More results from www.salford.ac.uk]
[84] NCSU ChemE Publications: John H. van Zanten... Chang, I. Stanish & HG Monbouquette. "Selective Extraction of Pb2+ by Metal-Sorbing Vesicles Bearing lonophores of a New Class." J Membr Sci 99 (1995) : 49-56． ... http://www.che.ncsu.edu/faculty_staff/ jvz_pub.html [More results from www.che.ncsu.edu]
[85] On-site Analysis of Metals in Liquids-Title... Niton Corporation has developed a new filter for liquids designed for the selective extraction and XRF measurement of heavy metals down to ppb concentrations....
[86] Publications of M. Tsezos,... 4． Tsezos, M.,. " The Selective Extraction of Metals From Solution by Microorganisms. A brief. Overview ...
[87] SWT Biology McLean, Robert... RJC McLean. 1999． Partial leaching as an aid to slurry nebulization for the analysis of soils by ICP-MS with flow injection and mixed-gas plasmas. Can. J. Chem ... http://www.bio.swt.edu/aq/biocvs/mclean.html
[88] .. Gray, DJ, Lintern, MJ and Longman, GD-Readsorption of gold during selective extraction-observations and potential solutions. J. Geochem. Explor., 1998, 61 http://www.syd.dem.csiro.au/unrestricted/ dempublication/ 1998． htm [More results from www.syd.dem.csiro.au]
[89] ... 1154-1160． Kheboian, C. & Bauer, CF (1987) Accuracy of selective extraction procedures for metal speciation in model aquatic sediments. Anal. Chem., 59: 1417 ... http://www2． ima.kth.se/ImaExt/Exjobb/ exjobbO.cfm [More results from www2． ima.kth.se]
[90] ... CABE also develops in situ sensors and analytical systems based on the selective extraction and metal transport through supported liquid membranes. This http://www.unige.ch/cabe/research3． html [More results from www.unige.ch]
[91] ... CF Bauer and C. Kheboian, "Accuracy of Selective Extraction Procedures for Metal Speciation in Model Aquatic Sediments," Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1417 1423． CF ... http://www.unh.edu/chemistry/faculty.html [More results from www.unh.edu]
[92] ... of solutions containing precious metal ions. The selective extraction of copper from a copper / rhodium solution has been achieved. These membranes are well ... [More results from www.admin.ch]
[93] ... P., (1999) . "Comparability of Results obtained by the use of different selective extraction schemes for the determination of element forms in soils", Water Air ... http://www.cwr.uwa.edu.au/~linge/refs.html [More results from www.cwr.uwa.edu.au]
[94] ... Reabsorption of gold during the selective extraction of the 'soluble organic' phase of humus, soil, and sediment samples GEM Hall, AI MacLaurin, and JE Vaive. ... http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/mrd/mdag/pub/extechl_e.html
[95] ... Utterback, RA Bartsch, "Novel Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Crown Ethers for the
Selective Extraction and Determination of Hg (II) and Other Metal Ions", Analyt ... http://www.epsci.ameslab.gov/etd/scientists/bastiaans.html [More results from www.epsci.ameslab.gov]
[96] Enhanced Selective Leaching of Chromium from Radioactive Sludges-Lvnntech, Inc., 7610 Eastmark Drive, College Station, TX 77840-4023; (409) 693-0017 Dr ... http://sbir.er.doe.gov/sbir/ Awards_Abstracts/cyclel7/phasel/115． htm [More results from sbir.er.doe.gov]
[97] JW, and Z. Zhang. 1998． Selective extraction of pesticides from lipid-containing matrices using supercritical binary gas mixtures. Anal. Chem. 70:1431-1436． http://oldsite.nps.ars.usda.gov/sites/foodsaf/1998/ fsrmasaw984． htm [More results from oldsite.nps.ars.usda.gov]
[98] ... The use of selective extraction procedures for soil remediation by Mulligan (Concordia University, Canada), Yong & Gibbs.... http://tuocis.oc.u-tokai.ac.jp/~iss2001/ [More results from tuocis.oc.u-tokai.ac.jp]
[99] 3694-Second International Symposium on Extraction and ... focus on issues and recent advances in extraction and processing as applied to the ... Applications of Selective Solvent Extractants in Waste Minimization and ... Open Document [More results from doc.tms.org]
[100] 7． 0 SELECTIVE EXTRACTION/LEACHING OF URANIUM FROM SOIL. TASK DESCRIPTION To eliminate the ... http://www.nttc.edu/env/Uranium/Uranium_chap7． html [More results from www.nttc.edu]
[101] A METHOD FOR DETERMINING SUSPENDED... V.; Burchard, J.; and Ball, J. 1980． Sediment collection and processing for selective extraction and for total metals analysis. In: Baker, R., Contaminants and ... [More results from ibscore.dbs.umt.edu]
[102] Arsenic speciation: methodology and application to polluted ...... Apart from the development of a selective extraction methodology for arsenic speciation and the standardisation of a microprobe for valency determination http://cwisdb.cc.kuleuven.ac.be/research/P/3E97/project3E97Q334． htm.
[103] Civil Engineering... Yong, RN, Galvez-Cloutier, R. and Phadungchewit, Y.) Selective sequential extraction analysis of heavy metal retention in soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v ...http://www.mcgill.ca/upo/patres/ por93/civileng.htm [More results from www.mcgill.ca]
[104] Donald P. Weston... sediment-associated toxicants, and to use this technique for the selective extraction of a bioavailable contaminant fraction; (2) development of an amphipod ... http://ib.berkeley.edu/faculty/westond.html [More results from ib.berkeley.edu]
[105] Dr Justin Perry... Selective solvent extraction of tetrahedrally-coordinating transition metal ions from acidic aqueous media using benzimidazole-phosphinate ligands http://www.unn.ac.uk/academic/est/cls/Pages/ s~jpresb.htm [More results from www.unn.ac.uk]
[106] Dr. John Morse-Personal,... Geochemistry, 5, 75-85． 111) Cooper, DC and JW Morse, 1999, Selective extraction chemistry of toxic metal sulfides from sediments. Aquatic Geochemistry, 5, 87 ... http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~mcrse/biog.htm [More results from www-
ocean.tamu.edu]
[107] Effect of Alkyl Substituents on the Selective Extraction of Copper (II), Palladium (II), Gallium (III) and Molybdenum (VI) with Novel 8-Quinolinol Derivatives. ... http://www.nimc.go.jp/ publication/annual97/04/04_13． html.
[108] ELECTROREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL FROM A CHLOR-ALKALI...... Selective leaching. ... The iron in the soil is redistributed, resulting in higher concentrations near the cathode (not shown). Selective leaching. ... http://www.sph.umich.edu /eih/heavymetals / Manuscripts/SuerP.htm.
[109] Environmental chemical analysis of total elemental concentrations; Selective extraction procedures available for evaluation of element mobilities and mode of occurrence-ammonium acetate and ... http://www.gsf.fi/chemlab2． htm [More results from www.gsf.fi] [110] Euresco-Natural Waters 2 ... 10． 00, Allan M. Ure (Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK) Selective extraction methods for metal speciation in soils, sludges, and related solid materials.... http://www.esf.org/euresco/00/lc00002b.htm [More results from www.esf.org]
[111] Genesis of arseniferous groundwater in the alluvial aquifers ... Studies on selective extraction of these sediments using oxalate and pyrophosphate media has been carried out to understand the relationship of As with the ... http://www.bicn.com/acic/infobank/dch98-02conf/bp1． htm [More results from www.bicn.com]
[112] Jim Brainard joined Los Alamos National Laboratory as a ...... Selective Extraction/Leaching of Uranium from Soil, DOE/OTD, Principle Investigator, S1． 45M, 1992-1996． ... http://bdiv.lanl.gov/biographies/brainard.htm [More results from bdiv.lanl.gov]
[113] Jim Brainard joined Los Alamos National Laboratory as a ... Selective Extraction/Leaching of Uranium from Soil, DOE/OTD, Principle Investigator, S1． 45M, 1992-1996． ... http://bdiv.lanl.gov/biographies/brainard.htm [More results from bdiv.lanl.gov]
[114] KTH-Dhaka University Collaborative Research Programme... studies include a) analyses of the sediments by total extraction; b) selective extraction methods, with an emphasis on the quantification of arsenic released ... http://www.ce.kth.se/aom/AMOV/PEOPLE/Prosun/ Pb_sidasarec_Dhaka.htm [More results from www.ce.kth.se]
[115] mercury in peat and its drainage waters in eastern North ...... 2． How is the mercury associated with peat as determined by selective chemical extraction and how might the distribution among these extractable forms of http://www2． ncsu.edu/ncsu/wrri/reports/report218． html.
[116] Meredith Newman's Home Page... OV Barker and ME Newman, Selective Extraction of Metals from Contaminated Soils Using Organic Complexants, 219 the American Chemical Society National Meeting ... http://www.hartwick.edu/envirsci/ Resume.html [More results from www.hartwick.edu]
[117] Natural ARD... A study by Williamson and Parnell (1994) , demonstrates the use of selective, sequential extraction of metals from lake sediments and its implications for ... http://www.enviromine.com/ard/ Introduction/Natural .htm [More results from www.enviromine.com]
[118] program... time. Protocol showing innovative sequential and selective extraction procedures for mine wastes materials and determination of their acid generating capacity. ...
http://www.unica.it/ricerca/waquaminar/prog.httn [More results from www.unica.it]
[119] RAPIC Soil & Groundwater Studies Bullet in... basic conditions in the sludge. In accordance with selective sequential extraction results, a low migration of Zn and Cu was obtained. In the anode region, Zn ... http://www.em.doe.gov/rapic/7cabsgl.html [More results from www.em.doe.gov]
[120] Resource Recovery Contacts-Acid Mine Drainage... Solvent extraction and selective separation, . Selective recovery of Zn, Co, Mn, and Ni from leach solutions of an AMD sludge by solvent extraction. Sludge was ... http://www.ctcnet.net/scrip/Technolo.htm [More results from www.ctcnet.net]
[121] Selective extraction procedures for arsenic were utilized to obtain information concerning the dominant bonding modes for various arsenic species. ... [More results from twri.tamu.edu]
[122] TEKTRAN. SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF PESTICIDES FROM LIPID-CONTAINING MATRICES USING SUPERCRITICAL BINARY GAS MIXTURES. http://www.nal.usda.gov/ ttic/tektran/data/000008/54/0000085460． html [More results from www.nal.usda.gov]
[123] Y. Deng, RA Sachleben, JH Burns, and BA Moyer, 1995． "Selective Solvent Extraction of Cesium by Crown Ethers," Extended Abstract, Division of Environmental ... http://128． 219． 152． 164/divisions/casd/csg/csgpubs.htm [More results from 128． 219． 152． 164]
[124] ... Amacher, MC, and J. Kotuby-Amacher. 1994． Selective extraction of arsenic from mine spoils, soils, and sediments. Agronomy Abstracts 86:. http://tal.agsci.usu.edu/~tal/pages/kotuby/ publications.html [More results from tal.agsci.usu.edu]
[125] .. G. (1998) . Use of selective sequential extraction technique as a tool in the study of heavy metal retention and release by soils with low clay contents. Water ... http://www.gci.usherb.ca/ geotech/liste.htm [More results from www.gci.usherb.ca]
[126] ... Inorganic contaminants, Selective chemical extraction of metal species in particulate phases (eg by hydroxylamine, oxalate, H2O2, dithionite, ammonium acetate). ... [More results from www.ices.dk]
[127] ... Selective extraction of toxic metal cations (Hg 2+ , Pb2+ , Cd2+ ) from aqueous solution by calix(4) areneamine derivatives.... http://www.ucsm.edu.pe/usrhtm/farmacia/publica.htm [More results from www.ucsm.edu.pe]
[128] ... Selective Extraction Techniques to Investigate the Influence of Water Saturation on the Environmental Availability of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals. http://www.unlv.edu/Colleges/ Health_Sciences/Health_Physics/research.html [More results from www.unlv.edu]
[129] ... Selective iron leaching and treatment of the resulting iron-bearing solutions/suspensions by precipitation and neutralisation was studied to provide data on http://www.huxley.ic.ac.uk/ research/envmin/mineng/rifim.html [More results from www.huxley.ic.ac.uk]
[130] ... Using Selective Extraction of Metals in the Sediments of the Suva Lagoon (Fiji) to Assess the Main Sources of Terrigeneous and Anthropogenic Influences.
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ 9icrs/poster_e.html [More results from www.nova.edu]
[131] ... Yong, RN, Bentley, SP, Harris, C and Yaacob, WZW-Selective Sequential Extraction (SSE) on Estuarine alluvium soils, Geoenvironmental Engng: Pollutant http://www.cf.ac.uk/research/ pubs99/engcs.html [More results from www.cf.ac.uk]
[132] Food Product Design: SFE for Food Analysis: Extracting the SFE techniques. He says SFE provides clean, selective extraction of pesticides without extracting other interfering chemicals from the food matrix. According ... [More results from www.foodproductdesign.com]
[133] L. Dale Snow Publications,... Biochem. Archives 10, 133-139． YS Ahn and LD Snow (1993) Selective extraction of alkaline phosphates and 5'-nucleotidase from milk fat globule membranes by a ... http://www.chem.latech.edu/-snowchern/SNOW_RES.HTM [More results from www.chem.latech.edu]
[134] Smee & Associates | Seminars & Workshops,... The Use and Abuse of Selective Extraction Methods in Geochemical Exploration. Seminar presented by: http://www.geochemist.com/ selextracsem.htm [More results from www.geochemist.com]
[135] Actlabs Group of Companies-Corporate History,... immediately recognized a major advance in exploration technology was unfolding. This selective extraction on surface soil had the ability to "see through" and ... [More results from www.actlabs.com]
[136] ARC Small Grants-2000 ... Rate, Rohl, Selective extraction of metals in soils for improved detection of geochemical anomalism, $10,600． 00． ... http://www.acs.uwa.edu.au/research/ arcsg2000/success.html [More results from www.acs.uwa.edu.au]
[137] Bibliography of Snowlake-Mineral Resources Library-... Carter, GF, Galley, AG, Hall, GEM 1996． Application of phase selective and sequential extraction methodologies in surficial geochemistry; in EXTECH 1 : A ... http://www.gov.mb.ca/em/information/ library/bibsnow.html [More results from www.gov.mb.ca]
[138] Cominco Exploration... digested and analyzed. In addition, selective extraction techniques have been developed and are employed to enhance anomalies. Another important function is ... http://www.cominco.com/explore/research-lab.htm [More results from www.cominco.com]
[139] CRC LEME Seminar Series... during exploration programs. Partial/selective leaching techniques also enabled the determination of the host minerals for the ore-forming elements. In the ... http://leme.anu.edu.au/research/ seminars/tonui98． html [More results from leme.anu.edu.au]
[140] Exploration Geochemistry,... description of MMI as a very weak partial extraction, comparisons with other partial/selective extractions, MMI analysis and QCQA, data interpretation, case ... http://www.laurentian.ca/www/ geology/courses/5806． htm [More results from www.laurentian.ca]
[141] Exploration Under Cover... Partial leach methods (Regoleach, MMI and Enzyme Leach) and aqua ... appears to be the most aggressive of the leaching procedures, at least for Mn and the
base ... http://www.aig.asn.au/ abstract.htm [More results from www.aig.asn.au]
[142] IJ Fairchild... Killawee, JA 1995． Selective leaching in glacialized terrains and implications for retention of primary chemical signals in carbonate rocks. In: Kharaka, YK & ... http://www.esci.keele.ac.uk/staff/ijf/ [More results from www.esci.keele.ac.uk]
[143] MINING SUPPLIERS,... also from SE.Asia and South America. Actlabs proprietary "Enzyme Leach" selective extraction is being used world-wide to discover blind mineral deposits under ... http://polaris.digistar.mb.ca/minsci/links/suppa-c.htm [More results from polaris.digistar.mb.ca]
[144] October 1998-List of Informal Reports ... Compatibility of data derived from different selective extraction schemes, by GE Hall. p. 33-34． http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/1998-10/informal.shtml [More results from pubs.usgs.gov]
[145] Smee & Associates Data Interpretation... Hall, GEM, 1998b: Selective leaching-a tool in identifying an element's provenance. Explore, 101: 12． http://www.geochemist.com/exploreppr3． htm [More results from www.geochemist.com]
[146] Technical Program... Alternate Geochemical Methods 1． Soil Geochemistry Anomalies using selective leaching methods at the Stock Mine East Zone and the Shoot Zone gold deposits: Case ... http://206． 231． 196． 20/mm2000tp/Public/IndexbyClass.cfm [More results from 206． 231． 196． 20]
[147] The importance of the Yandal belt is highlighted by the 14 ... Partial and selective extraction studies at selected sites in the Yandal belt. MD PAINE, MFP FOO, C. PHANG & A. COX. ... http://www.aeg.org/yandal.htm [More results from www.aeg.org]
[148] ... Effective Mineral Exploration for the next Millennium : The Application of Selective Extraction Geochemistry to Deep Cover Prospecting in South America, Peter ... http://206． 231． 196． 20/mm2000tp/Public/ IndexbyClass.cfm [More results from 206． 231． 196． 20]
[149] ... Room 127, at 11:30 am Gwendy EM Hall, Geological Survey of Canada Selective leaching-a tool in identifying an element's provenance Thursday, Feb 03, 2000 OU ... [More results from www.science.uottawa.ca]
[150] Australian Laboratory Services-Minerals: Newsletters/ ... in Australia. 5/2, Jun 1996, Selective extraction methods revisited. 5/1, Feb 1996, Getting it right. 4 ... http://www.als.com.au/minerals/news.asp [More results from www.als.com.au]
[151] ICP-MS at Cardiff University... a local harbour. We also use selective leaching techniques for example, to look at the contamination potential of Turkish fly ashes. Our microwave preparation ... http://servant.geol.cf.ac.uk/ asg/icp.htm [More results from servant.geol.cf.ac.uk]
[152] ICP-OES geochemical analysis, Saint Etienne School of Mines... fractions of a rock (carbonate, sulfide, etc.), ie in solutions obtained by selective leaching. For example, ICP-AES plays a major role in the following http://www.emse.fr/ECOLE/ENGLISH/SPIN/geochim/ competech/enplasma/ [More results from www.emse.fr]
[153] UBC Student Services - 2000/2001 Calendar... processing circuits; degree of liberation; coal macerais; selective chemical extraction; heavy liquid separation; instrumental analysis; optical microscopy ... http: //www. student-services. ubc. ca/publications/pub/calreg/35133. htm [More results from www. student-services. ubc. ca]
[154] Zbigniew Brzozka - Division of Analytical Chemistry... ligands. Based on my previous progress in the development of a selective extraction by heteroatom ligands, I am interested in the selectivity study of ... http://www. ch. pw. edu.pl/persons/zbrzozka. htm [More results from www. ch. pw. edu. pl]
[154] 秦锡江等，甘肃省庄浪—静宁多金属黄铁矿成矿带专题研究报告(内部资料)，1986年。
[155] 甘肃省地质一队，甘肃省庄浪县蛟龙掌多金属黄铁矿床详查报告(内部资料)，1980。
[156] 文启忠等，中国黄土的地球化学环境，地球化学文集、资料出版社，1986年。
[157] 易惟熙，沈承德，刘东生。洛川黄土微粒级至纳米级物质颗粒度分布规律。地球化学，1995年第四卷第四期。
[159] 任天祥、张华，特殊地质地理条件下区域化探工作方法研究报告。地矿部物化探所(内部资料)，1990年。
[158] 余素华，黄河中游地区马兰黄土及其上部土壤的平均化学成分，1982年环境科学第三期。
[159] 文启忠等，中国黄土地球化学。科学出版社，1989年。
[160] 武改玲等，土壤对铜离子专性吸附初步研究。环境科学，1984年第二卷1期，61-67．
[161] 虞锁富，土壤对重金属离子的竞争吸附。土壤学报，Vol．28，No．1，1991年．
[162] 冉勇、刘铮，稀土元素在土壤和氧化物表面的吸附和解吸研究。环境科学学报，Vol．13，No3，1993．
[163] 邵孝侯、侯文华和邢光熹，土壤固相不同组分对镉锌吸持的研究。环境化学，Vol．13，No．4，1994。
[164] Elliott H A, 1983. Adsorption behavior of Cd in Response to soil surface charge. Soil Science, 136(5): 317-321.
[165] Padmanabham, M, 1983. Comparative study of the adsorption-deporption behavior of Cu, Zn, Co and Pb at the gothite-solution interface. Aust. J. Soil Rws., 21: 515-525.
[166] Hitoshi Mukal, Naoki Furuta and Oshihiro Fujii et al., Characterization of Sources of Lead in the Urban Air of Asia Ratio of Stable Lead Isotopes. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1993, 27, 1347-1356.
[167] 张巽，谢智，杨志柏．古陶产地同位素示踪的初步研究．地球学报——中国地质科学院院报，1997：18／增刊总47：307～309．
[168] 陈好寿，裴辉东，张霄宇，王林森．杭州大气铅主要污染源的铅同位素示踪．矿物岩石地球化学通报，1998：17／3：146～149．
[169] 陈好寿，裴辉东，张霄宇．杭州市区土壤铅、锶同位素示踪研究．浙江地质，1999：15／1总29：43～48。
[170] Gulson B. L., 1986. Lead isotope in mineral exploration, Developments in Economic Geology, No. 23, Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, 1986, 245pp.
[171] 汪明启，铅同位素地球化学勘查方法及其应用。地质地球化学，1991年第六期。
[2] 吴传璧，施俊法，上置晕与物质的“类气相”垂向迁移，地学前缘，第5卷，第1～2期．
[3] 龚美菱著，《相态分析与地质找矿》，地质出版社，1994年4月。
[4] Zeissink, H.E., 1971． Trace element behaviour in two nickeliferous laterite profile. Chem. Geol.7, 25-36．
[5] Chao, T.T., 1972． Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and sediments withacidified hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. 36,764-
[6] Loganathan, P., Burau, R.G., 1973． Sorption of metal ions by a hydrous manganese oxide.Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37,1277-1293．
[7] Anderson, B.J., Jenne, E.A., Chao, T.T., 1973． The sorption of silver by poorly crystallised manganese oxides. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37,611-622．
[8] Bradshaw, P.M.D., Thomson, 1． , Smee, B.W., Larsson, J.O., 1974． The application of different analytical extractions and soil profile sampling in exploration geochemistry. J. Geochem. Explor. 3,209-225．
[9] Chao, T.T., Theobald, P.K., 1976． The significance of iron and manganese oxides in geochemical exploration. Econ. Geol. 71,1560-1569．
[10] Gatehouse, S., Russell, D.W., Van Moort, J.C., 1977． Sequential soil analysis in exploration geochemistry. J. Geochem. Explor. 8,483-494．
[11] Bascomb. C.L., Thanigasalam, K., 1978． Comparison of aqueous acetylacetone and potassium pyrophosphate solution for selective extraction of organic-bound Fe from soils. J. Soil Sci. 29,382-387．
[12] Thompson, M., Howarth, R.J., 1978． A new approach to the estimation of analytical precision. J. Geochem. Explor. 9,23-30．
[13] Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Bisson, M., 1979． Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem. 51,844-850．
[14] Hoffman, S.J. and Fletcher, W. K., 1979． Selective sequential extraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Mo from soils and sediments. In: J. R. Watterson and P.K. Theobald (editors), Geochemical Exploration 1978, Rexdate, Ont., pp. 289-299．
[15] Rendell, P.S., Batley, G.E., Cameron, AJ., 1980． Adsorption as a control of metal concentrations in sediment extracts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14,314-318． Jeanroy, E., Guillet, B., 1981． The occurrence of suspended ferruginous particles in pyrophosphate extracts of some soil horizons. Geoderma 26,95-105．
[16] Sondag, F. 1981． Selective extraction procedures applied to geochemical prospecting in an area of old mine workings. J. Geochem. Explor. 15,645-652．
[17] Borggaard. O.K., 1982． Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxides by EDTA from selected silicates and mixtures of amorphous and crystalline iron oxides. Clay Miner. 17, 365-368．
[18] Chao, T.T., Zhou, L., 1983． Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron
oxides from soils and sediments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Proc. 47, 225-232．
[19] Robbins, J.M., Lyie, M. Heath, G.R., 1984． A sequential extraction procedure for partitioning elements among coexisting phases in marine sediments. College of Oceanography, Rep.84-3, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
[20] Chao T. T., 1984． Use of partial dissolution techniques in geochemical exploration. J.Geochem. Explor., 20:101-125．
[21] Span, D., Gaillard, J.F., 1986． An investigation of a procedure for determining carbonate-bound trace metals. Chem. Geol. 56,135-141．
[22] Pickering, W.F., 1986． Metal ion speciation in soils and sediments (a review). Ore Geol. Rev.1,83-146．
[23] Schnitzer, M., Schuppli, P., 1989． Method for the sequential extraction of organic matter from soils and soil fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 1418-1424．
[24] Belzile, N., Lecornte, P., Tessier, A., 1989． Testing readsorption of trace elements during partial chemical extractions of bottom sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1015-1020．
[25] Kersten, M., Forstner, U. 1989． Speciation of trace elements in sediments. In: Batley, G. (Ed.), Trace Element Speciation: Analytical Methods and Problems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 245-317．
[26] Taylor, R.M., 1990． Some observations on the formation and transformation of iron oxides. In: De Boodt, M.F. (Ed.), Soil Colloids and Their Associations in Aggregates. Plenum Press,New York, pp. 85-103．
[27] Antropova, L.V., Goldberg, I.S., Voroshilov, N.A., Ryss. Ju.S., 1992． New methods of regional exploration for blind mineralization: application in the USSR. J. Geochem. Explor. 43,157-166．
[28] Butt, C.R.M., Zeegers, H., 1992． Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Tropical Terrains and Subtropical Terrains. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 607 pp.
[29] Clark,J.R,1992． Detection of bedrock-related geochemical anomalies at the surface of transported overburden. Explore (AEG Newslett.) 76． 4-11．
[30] Clark, J.R., 1993． Enzyme-induced leaching of B-horizon soils for mineral exploration in areas of glacial overburden: Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., 102:819-29．
[31] Qiang, T, Xiao-Quan, S., Jin, Q., Zhe-Ming, N., 1994． Trace element redistribution during extraction of model soils by acetic acid/sodium acetate. Anal. Chem. 66, 3562-3568．
[32] Hale, M., Plant, J.A., 1994． Drainage Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 766 pp.
[33] Clark,J.R,1995． Innovative enzyme leach provides cost-effective overburden penetration. In: Extended Abstracts, 17th IGES,15-19 May,Townsville,Qid.
[34] Hall, G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., Vaive, J.E., 1995． Readsorption of gold during the selective extraction of the 'soluble organic' phase of humus, soil and sediment samples. J. Geochem. Explor. 54,27-38．
[35] Watling, R. J., Herbert, H. K., and Abell, I.D., 1995． The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to the analysis of selected sulphide minerals. Chem. Geol. 124(1/2) :67-81．
[36] Hall,G. E. M., 1996． Twenty-five years in geoanalysis, 1970-1995． J. Geochem. Explor. 57,1-8 .
[37] Hall,G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., Pelchat, J.c., Gauthier, G., 1996a. Selective leaches revisited, with emphasis on the amorphous fe oxyhydroxide phase extraction. J. Geochem. Explor.56,59-78．
[38] Hall,G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., ., 1996b. Analytical aspects of the application of sodium pyrophosphate reagent in the specific extraction of the labile organic component of humus and soils. J. Geochem. Explor.56,23-36．
[39] Hall,G.E.M. and PeIchat,P., 1997a. Comparison of two reageants sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide, in the extraction of labile metal organic complexes. Water Air soil Pollut.,
[40] Hall,G.E.M. and Pelchat,P., 1997b. Comparability of results obtained by the use of different selective extraction schemes.two reageants sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide, in the extraction of labile metal organic complexes. Water Air soil Pollut.,
[41] Hall, G.E.M., MacLaurin, A.I., Pelchat, J.C., Gauthier, G., 1997a. Comparison of the techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the determination of Bi, Se and Te by hydride generation. Chem. Geol. 137,79-89．
[42] Hall, G.E.M., Vaive, J.E., Button, P., 1997b. Detection of past underground nuclear events by geochemical signatures in soils. Geochem. Explor. 59, 145-162．
[43] Hall, G.E.M., Pelchat, P., 1997a. Comparison of two reagents, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide, in the extraction of labile metal organic complexes. Water Air Soil Pollut., in press.
[44] Hall, G.E.M., Pelchat, P., 1997b. Comparabi'ity of results obtained by the use of different selective extraction schemes. Water Air Soil Pollut., in press.
[45] Gray,D.J., Lintern, M.J., Longman, G.D., 1998． Readsorption of gold during selective extraction observations and potential solutions. J. Geochem. Explor.61,21-38．
[46] Hall,G.E.M., 1998． Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration.. J. Geochem. Explor.61,1-20．
[47] Wang, X., 1998． Leaching of mobile forms of metals in overburden: development and application. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 39-56．
[48] Hall,G.E.M., 1998． Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration.. J. Geochem. Explor.61,1-20．
[49] Mann, A.W., Birell, Mann, A.T., Humphreys D.B. and Perdrix J.L., 1998． Application of the movile metal ion technique to routine geochemical exploration. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 57-86．
[50] Yeager, J.R., Clark J.R., Mitchell W. And Renshaw R., 1998． Enzyme leach anomalies associated with deep Mississippi Valley-type zinc ore bodies at the Elmwood Mine, Tennessee. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 88-103．
[51] Smee, B.W., 1998． A new theory to explain the formation of soil geochemical responses over deeply covered gold mineralization in arid environments. J. Geochem. Explor.61, 149-172．
[52] Cohen, D.R., Shen, X..C., Dunlop, A.C., and Rutherford, N.F., 1998． A comparison of selective extraction soil geochemistry and biogeochemistry in the Cobar area New South Wales. J. Geochem. Explor.61,173-190．
[53] Cardoso E., and Ferreira da Silva, E., 1998． Application of selective extraction techniques in metal-bearing phases identification: a South European case study. J .Geochem..Explor.61,
203-212．
[54] Bajc,A.F,1998． A comparative analysis of enzyme leach and mobile metal ion selective extractions; case studies from glaciated terrain, northern Ontario. J. Geochem. Explor. 61,113-148．
[55] Hall, G. E. M., MacLaurin, A. I., and Garrett, R. G., 1998． Assessment of the 1M NH4NO3 extraction protocal to identify Mobil forms of Cd in soils. J. Geochem. Explor. 64:153-159．
[56] Fedikow, M. A. F. And Ziehlke, D. V., 1998． Enzyme leach and Mobil metal ion B-horizon soil geochemical signatures of buried geophysical conductors, Assean Lake Area, northeast Manitoba; Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines, Mineral Resources Division, Open File Report OF98-3． 36P.
[57] Hamilton, S.M., 1998． Electrochemical mass-transport in overburden: a new model to account for the formation of selective leach geochemical anomalies in glacial terrain. J. Geochem. Explor. 63(3) : 155-172．
[58] Gray,DJ., Wildman, J.E., Longman, G.C., 1999． Selective and partial extraction analyses of transported overburden for gold exploration in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. J. Geochem. Explor. 67:51-66．
[59] Pwa, A., Mcqueen, K.G., Scott, K.M., and von Moort, J.C., 1999． Regolith geochemical exploration using acid insoluble residues as a sample medium for gold and base metal deposits in the Cobar region, N.S.W., Australia. J. Geochem. Explor. 67:15-31．
[60] Bendell-Young, L.,1999． Contrasting the sorption of Zn by oxyhydroxides of Mn and Fe, and organic matter along the mineral-poor to mineral-rich fen gradient. Applied geochemistry. 14(6) :719-734．
[61] Lis. J.,Pasieczna, A., and Taraskevicius, R.,1999． Total and partial extraction of selected elements in soils of the Poland-Lithuania borderland. J. Geochem. Ecplor. 66(1/2) :211-217．
[62] Pauwels, H. Baubron, J. C., Freyssinet, P., and Chesneau, M.,1999． Sorption of metallic compounds on activated carbon: applications for concealed deposits in southern Spain. J. Geochem. Explor. 66(1/2) 115-133．
[63] Pwa, A. And van Moort, J. C., 1999． Geochemical exploration using acid soluble residues of rocks from volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, Rosebery area, western Tasmania. J. Geochem. Explor. 66(1/2) 55-69．
[64] Xie, X., Wang, X., Xu, L., Krementsky, A. A., and Cheneau, M., 1999． Orientation study of strategic deep penetration geochemical methods in the central Kyzykum desert terrain, Uzbekistan. J. Geochem. Explor. 66(1/2) 135-143．
[65] Wang-Xueqiu, Xie-Xuejing, Cheng-Zhizhong and Liu-Dawen, 1999． Delineation of regional geochemical anomalies penetrating through thick cover in concealed terrains; a case history from the Olympic Dam deposit, Australia. Jour. Geochem. Explor., 66; 1-2, Pages 85-97．
[66] Smee, B. W., 1999． The effect of soil composition on weak leach solution pH: a potential exploration tool in arid environments. Explore, No 102:4-7．
[67] Li, X. D. and Thornton, I. 1994． Partitioning of heavy metals in soils contaminated by mining and smelting activities. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 16: 93．
[68] Li, X. D., Coles, B.J., Ramsey, M.H. and Thornton, 1． 1995． Sequential extraction of soils for
multielement analysis by ICP-AES. Chemical Geology, 124: 109-123．
[69] Li, X. D., Coles, B.J., Ramsey, M.H. and Thornton, I. 1995． Chemical partitioning of the new NIST SRMS (2709-2711) by sequential extraction using ICP-AES. Analyst 120: 1415-1419．
[70] Li, X.D., Wang, X.R., Sun, H., Poon, C.S., Zhang, H.S., 1999． Concentration and Chemical Partitioning of heavy Metals in Urban soils in Nanjing, China. Proceedings of International Conference on Urban Pollution Control Technology, pp. 589-594． October 1999, Hong Kong.
[71] Li, X.D., Shen, Z.G., Wai, W. H. O. and Li, Y.S. 2000． Chemical partitioning of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability,12, 17-25．
[72] Li, X.D., Shen, Z.G., Wai, W. H. O. and Li, Y.S. 2001． Chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in the sediment profiles of the Pearl River Estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42, 215-223．
[73] Li, X.D., Poon, C.S. and Liu, P.S. 2001． Concentration and chemical partitioning of road dusts and urban soils in Hong Kong. Applied Geochemistry, 16,1361-1368．
[74] Kelley, David,2001． Geochemical variations in postbimbo cover-implications for use of partial extraction geochemistry for porphyry copper exploration in Northern Chile. Explore 111:1-8．
[75] A. Chow, and R. D.; Chow, A. The separation and isolation of gold by selective extraction and transport through a polyurethane ether type membrane. Talanta (1996) 43(9 ... http://www.umanitoba.ca/chemistry/staff/staff_de/chow.html[More results from www.umanitoba.ca]
[76] Chemical & Energy Research Section Process Chemistry Group Demonstration of Solvent Extraction or Selective Leaching Treatment Technologies http://www.ornl.gov/divisions/ctd/Chem_Dev/leach.htm [More results from www.ornl.gov]
[77] Fabri Marsicano ... on structure-activity relations, to model metal-ligand systems used in the selective solvent extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution, with a view to the ... http://www.chem.wits.ac.za/staff/fm.shtml [More results from www.chem.wits.ac.za]
[78] Fifth P&T Information Exchange Meeting,... Selective Extraction of Ce(IV) as a First Step of the SESAME Process N. Faure, L. Donnet, JM Adnet. http://www.oecdnea.org/html/pt/docs/IEM/mol98/ [More results from www.oecdnea.org]
[79] Finch, James... option (lime treatment). Two approaches are being explored. A. Selective extraction using amine complexing agents (eg, diethylenetriamine, DETA) and subsequent... http://www.enviroaccess.ca/repertoire/page50． html [More results from www.enviroaccess.ca]
[80] JAAS, Recent Publications in AAS-January 1999,... Selective extraction of iron oxide associated arsenic species from sediments for speciation with coupled HPLC-HG-AAS. Gomez-Ariza, J. L., Sanchez-Rodas, D ... [More results from www.rsc.org]
[81] JAAS, Recent Publications in AAS-July 1998 ... 1757 Determination of heavy metals in lake and river sediments by selective leaching. Bodog, I., Polyak, K., Hlavay, J. Dept. Anal. Chem., Univ. Veszprem, 8201 ... http://www.rsc.org/is/journals/current/jaas/rp98_07． htm [More results from www.rsc.org]
[82] La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: ILE DE FRANCE-PETIT......target in nitric acid and continued with an original process of selective extraction of the different transuranic elements in an organic solvent" [CEANo v.70] . http://www.francenuc.org/en_sites/idfp_font_e.htm [More results from www.francenuc.org]
[83] MSc / Diploma in Analytical Chemistry-Module Information and extraction. Separations, pH control and masking reactions in selective extraction and suppression of analytical interference effects. Reviews of ... http://www.salford.ac.uk/chemist/mscfac.html [More results from www.salford.ac.uk]
[84] NCSU ChemE Publications: John H. van Zanten... Chang, I. Stanish & HG Monbouquette. "Selective Extraction of Pb2+ by Metal-Sorbing Vesicles Bearing lonophores of a New Class." J Membr Sci 99 (1995) : 49-56． ... http://www.che.ncsu.edu/faculty_staff/ jvz_pub.html [More results from www.che.ncsu.edu]
[85] On-site Analysis of Metals in Liquids-Title... Niton Corporation has developed a new filter for liquids designed for the selective extraction and XRF measurement of heavy metals down to ppb concentrations....
[86] Publications of M. Tsezos,... 4． Tsezos, M.,. " The Selective Extraction of Metals From Solution by Microorganisms. A brief. Overview ...
[87] SWT Biology McLean, Robert... RJC McLean. 1999． Partial leaching as an aid to slurry nebulization for the analysis of soils by ICP-MS with flow injection and mixed-gas plasmas. Can. J. Chem ... http://www.bio.swt.edu/aq/biocvs/mclean.html
[88] .. Gray, DJ, Lintern, MJ and Longman, GD-Readsorption of gold during selective extraction-observations and potential solutions. J. Geochem. Explor., 1998, 61 http://www.syd.dem.csiro.au/unrestricted/ dempublication/ 1998． htm [More results from www.syd.dem.csiro.au]
[89] ... 1154-1160． Kheboian, C. & Bauer, CF (1987) Accuracy of selective extraction procedures for metal speciation in model aquatic sediments. Anal. Chem., 59: 1417 ... http://www2． ima.kth.se/ImaExt/Exjobb/ exjobbO.cfm [More results from www2． ima.kth.se]
[90] ... CABE also develops in situ sensors and analytical systems based on the selective extraction and metal transport through supported liquid membranes. This http://www.unige.ch/cabe/research3． html [More results from www.unige.ch]
[91] ... CF Bauer and C. Kheboian, "Accuracy of Selective Extraction Procedures for Metal Speciation in Model Aquatic Sediments," Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1417 1423． CF ... http://www.unh.edu/chemistry/faculty.html [More results from www.unh.edu]
[92] ... of solutions containing precious metal ions. The selective extraction of copper from a copper / rhodium solution has been achieved. These membranes are well ... [More results from www.admin.ch]
[93] ... P., (1999) . "Comparability of Results obtained by the use of different selective extraction schemes for the determination of element forms in soils", Water Air ... http://www.cwr.uwa.edu.au/~linge/refs.html [More results from www.cwr.uwa.edu.au]
[94] ... Reabsorption of gold during the selective extraction of the 'soluble organic' phase of humus, soil, and sediment samples GEM Hall, AI MacLaurin, and JE Vaive. ... http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/gsc/mrd/mdag/pub/extechl_e.html
[95] ... Utterback, RA Bartsch, "Novel Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Crown Ethers for the
Selective Extraction and Determination of Hg (II) and Other Metal Ions", Analyt ... http://www.epsci.ameslab.gov/etd/scientists/bastiaans.html [More results from www.epsci.ameslab.gov]
[96] Enhanced Selective Leaching of Chromium from Radioactive Sludges-Lvnntech, Inc., 7610 Eastmark Drive, College Station, TX 77840-4023; (409) 693-0017 Dr ... http://sbir.er.doe.gov/sbir/ Awards_Abstracts/cyclel7/phasel/115． htm [More results from sbir.er.doe.gov]
[97] JW, and Z. Zhang. 1998． Selective extraction of pesticides from lipid-containing matrices using supercritical binary gas mixtures. Anal. Chem. 70:1431-1436． http://oldsite.nps.ars.usda.gov/sites/foodsaf/1998/ fsrmasaw984． htm [More results from oldsite.nps.ars.usda.gov]
[98] ... The use of selective extraction procedures for soil remediation by Mulligan (Concordia University, Canada), Yong & Gibbs.... http://tuocis.oc.u-tokai.ac.jp/~iss2001/ [More results from tuocis.oc.u-tokai.ac.jp]
[99] 3694-Second International Symposium on Extraction and ... focus on issues and recent advances in extraction and processing as applied to the ... Applications of Selective Solvent Extractants in Waste Minimization and ... Open Document [More results from doc.tms.org]
[100] 7． 0 SELECTIVE EXTRACTION/LEACHING OF URANIUM FROM SOIL. TASK DESCRIPTION To eliminate the ... http://www.nttc.edu/env/Uranium/Uranium_chap7． html [More results from www.nttc.edu]
[101] A METHOD FOR DETERMINING SUSPENDED... V.; Burchard, J.; and Ball, J. 1980． Sediment collection and processing for selective extraction and for total metals analysis. In: Baker, R., Contaminants and ... [More results from ibscore.dbs.umt.edu]
[102] Arsenic speciation: methodology and application to polluted ...... Apart from the development of a selective extraction methodology for arsenic speciation and the standardisation of a microprobe for valency determination http://cwisdb.cc.kuleuven.ac.be/research/P/3E97/project3E97Q334． htm.
[103] Civil Engineering... Yong, RN, Galvez-Cloutier, R. and Phadungchewit, Y.) Selective sequential extraction analysis of heavy metal retention in soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v ...http://www.mcgill.ca/upo/patres/ por93/civileng.htm [More results from www.mcgill.ca]
[104] Donald P. Weston... sediment-associated toxicants, and to use this technique for the selective extraction of a bioavailable contaminant fraction; (2) development of an amphipod ... http://ib.berkeley.edu/faculty/westond.html [More results from ib.berkeley.edu]
[105] Dr Justin Perry... Selective solvent extraction of tetrahedrally-coordinating transition metal ions from acidic aqueous media using benzimidazole-phosphinate ligands http://www.unn.ac.uk/academic/est/cls/Pages/ s~jpresb.htm [More results from www.unn.ac.uk]
[106] Dr. John Morse-Personal,... Geochemistry, 5, 75-85． 111) Cooper, DC and JW Morse, 1999, Selective extraction chemistry of toxic metal sulfides from sediments. Aquatic Geochemistry, 5, 87 ... http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~mcrse/biog.htm [More results from www-
ocean.tamu.edu]
[107] Effect of Alkyl Substituents on the Selective Extraction of Copper (II), Palladium (II), Gallium (III) and Molybdenum (VI) with Novel 8-Quinolinol Derivatives. ... http://www.nimc.go.jp/ publication/annual97/04/04_13． html.
[108] ELECTROREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL FROM A CHLOR-ALKALI...... Selective leaching. ... The iron in the soil is redistributed, resulting in higher concentrations near the cathode (not shown). Selective leaching. ... http://www.sph.umich.edu /eih/heavymetals / Manuscripts/SuerP.htm.
[109] Environmental chemical analysis of total elemental concentrations; Selective extraction procedures available for evaluation of element mobilities and mode of occurrence-ammonium acetate and ... http://www.gsf.fi/chemlab2． htm [More results from www.gsf.fi] [110] Euresco-Natural Waters 2 ... 10． 00, Allan M. Ure (Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK) Selective extraction methods for metal speciation in soils, sludges, and related solid materials.... http://www.esf.org/euresco/00/lc00002b.htm [More results from www.esf.org]
[111] Genesis of arseniferous groundwater in the alluvial aquifers ... Studies on selective extraction of these sediments using oxalate and pyrophosphate media has been carried out to understand the relationship of As with the ... http://www.bicn.com/acic/infobank/dch98-02conf/bp1． htm [More results from www.bicn.com]
[112] Jim Brainard joined Los Alamos National Laboratory as a ...... Selective Extraction/Leaching of Uranium from Soil, DOE/OTD, Principle Investigator, S1． 45M, 1992-1996． ... http://bdiv.lanl.gov/biographies/brainard.htm [More results from bdiv.lanl.gov]
[113] Jim Brainard joined Los Alamos National Laboratory as a ... Selective Extraction/Leaching of Uranium from Soil, DOE/OTD, Principle Investigator, S1． 45M, 1992-1996． ... http://bdiv.lanl.gov/biographies/brainard.htm [More results from bdiv.lanl.gov]
[114] KTH-Dhaka University Collaborative Research Programme... studies include a) analyses of the sediments by total extraction; b) selective extraction methods, with an emphasis on the quantification of arsenic released ... http://www.ce.kth.se/aom/AMOV/PEOPLE/Prosun/ Pb_sidasarec_Dhaka.htm [More results from www.ce.kth.se]
[115] mercury in peat and its drainage waters in eastern North ...... 2． How is the mercury associated with peat as determined by selective chemical extraction and how might the distribution among these extractable forms of http://www2． ncsu.edu/ncsu/wrri/reports/report218． html.
[116] Meredith Newman's Home Page... OV Barker and ME Newman, Selective Extraction of Metals from Contaminated Soils Using Organic Complexants, 219 the American Chemical Society National Meeting ... http://www.hartwick.edu/envirsci/ Resume.html [More results from www.hartwick.edu]
[117] Natural ARD... A study by Williamson and Parnell (1994) , demonstrates the use of selective, sequential extraction of metals from lake sediments and its implications for ... http://www.enviromine.com/ard/ Introduction/Natural .htm [More results from www.enviromine.com]
[118] program... time. Protocol showing innovative sequential and selective extraction procedures for mine wastes materials and determination of their acid generating capacity. ...
http://www.unica.it/ricerca/waquaminar/prog.httn [More results from www.unica.it]
[119] RAPIC Soil & Groundwater Studies Bullet in... basic conditions in the sludge. In accordance with selective sequential extraction results, a low migration of Zn and Cu was obtained. In the anode region, Zn ... http://www.em.doe.gov/rapic/7cabsgl.html [More results from www.em.doe.gov]
[120] Resource Recovery Contacts-Acid Mine Drainage... Solvent extraction and selective separation, . Selective recovery of Zn, Co, Mn, and Ni from leach solutions of an AMD sludge by solvent extraction. Sludge was ... http://www.ctcnet.net/scrip/Technolo.htm [More results from www.ctcnet.net]
[121] Selective extraction procedures for arsenic were utilized to obtain information concerning the dominant bonding modes for various arsenic species. ... [More results from twri.tamu.edu]
[122] TEKTRAN. SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF PESTICIDES FROM LIPID-CONTAINING MATRICES USING SUPERCRITICAL BINARY GAS MIXTURES. http://www.nal.usda.gov/ ttic/tektran/data/000008/54/0000085460． html [More results from www.nal.usda.gov]
[123] Y. Deng, RA Sachleben, JH Burns, and BA Moyer, 1995． "Selective Solvent Extraction of Cesium by Crown Ethers," Extended Abstract, Division of Environmental ... http://128． 219． 152． 164/divisions/casd/csg/csgpubs.htm [More results from 128． 219． 152． 164]
[124] ... Amacher, MC, and J. Kotuby-Amacher. 1994． Selective extraction of arsenic from mine spoils, soils, and sediments. Agronomy Abstracts 86:. http://tal.agsci.usu.edu/~tal/pages/kotuby/ publications.html [More results from tal.agsci.usu.edu]
[125] .. G. (1998) . Use of selective sequential extraction technique as a tool in the study of heavy metal retention and release by soils with low clay contents. Water ... http://www.gci.usherb.ca/ geotech/liste.htm [More results from www.gci.usherb.ca]
[126] ... Inorganic contaminants, Selective chemical extraction of metal species in particulate phases (eg by hydroxylamine, oxalate, H2O2, dithionite, ammonium acetate). ... [More results from www.ices.dk]
[127] ... Selective extraction of toxic metal cations (Hg 2+ , Pb2+ , Cd2+ ) from aqueous solution by calix(4) areneamine derivatives.... http://www.ucsm.edu.pe/usrhtm/farmacia/publica.htm [More results from www.ucsm.edu.pe]
[128] ... Selective Extraction Techniques to Investigate the Influence of Water Saturation on the Environmental Availability of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals. http://www.unlv.edu/Colleges/ Health_Sciences/Health_Physics/research.html [More results from www.unlv.edu]
[129] ... Selective iron leaching and treatment of the resulting iron-bearing solutions/suspensions by precipitation and neutralisation was studied to provide data on http://www.huxley.ic.ac.uk/ research/envmin/mineng/rifim.html [More results from www.huxley.ic.ac.uk]
[130] ... Using Selective Extraction of Metals in the Sediments of the Suva Lagoon (Fiji) to Assess the Main Sources of Terrigeneous and Anthropogenic Influences.
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ 9icrs/poster_e.html [More results from www.nova.edu]
[131] ... Yong, RN, Bentley, SP, Harris, C and Yaacob, WZW-Selective Sequential Extraction (SSE) on Estuarine alluvium soils, Geoenvironmental Engng: Pollutant http://www.cf.ac.uk/research/ pubs99/engcs.html [More results from www.cf.ac.uk]
[132] Food Product Design: SFE for Food Analysis: Extracting the SFE techniques. He says SFE provides clean, selective extraction of pesticides without extracting other interfering chemicals from the food matrix. According ... [More results from www.foodproductdesign.com]
[133] L. Dale Snow Publications,... Biochem. Archives 10, 133-139． YS Ahn and LD Snow (1993) Selective extraction of alkaline phosphates and 5'-nucleotidase from milk fat globule membranes by a ... http://www.chem.latech.edu/-snowchern/SNOW_RES.HTM [More results from www.chem.latech.edu]
[134] Smee & Associates | Seminars & Workshops,... The Use and Abuse of Selective Extraction Methods in Geochemical Exploration. Seminar presented by: http://www.geochemist.com/ selextracsem.htm [More results from www.geochemist.com]
[135] Actlabs Group of Companies-Corporate History,... immediately recognized a major advance in exploration technology was unfolding. This selective extraction on surface soil had the ability to "see through" and ... [More results from www.actlabs.com]
[136] ARC Small Grants-2000 ... Rate, Rohl, Selective extraction of metals in soils for improved detection of geochemical anomalism, $10,600． 00． ... http://www.acs.uwa.edu.au/research/ arcsg2000/success.html [More results from www.acs.uwa.edu.au]
[137] Bibliography of Snowlake-Mineral Resources Library-... Carter, GF, Galley, AG, Hall, GEM 1996． Application of phase selective and sequential extraction methodologies in surficial geochemistry; in EXTECH 1 : A ... http://www.gov.mb.ca/em/information/ library/bibsnow.html [More results from www.gov.mb.ca]
[138] Cominco Exploration... digested and analyzed. In addition, selective extraction techniques have been developed and are employed to enhance anomalies. Another important function is ... http://www.cominco.com/explore/research-lab.htm [More results from www.cominco.com]
[139] CRC LEME Seminar Series... during exploration programs. Partial/selective leaching techniques also enabled the determination of the host minerals for the ore-forming elements. In the ... http://leme.anu.edu.au/research/ seminars/tonui98． html [More results from leme.anu.edu.au]
[140] Exploration Geochemistry,... description of MMI as a very weak partial extraction, comparisons with other partial/selective extractions, MMI analysis and QCQA, data interpretation, case ... http://www.laurentian.ca/www/ geology/courses/5806． htm [More results from www.laurentian.ca]
[141] Exploration Under Cover... Partial leach methods (Regoleach, MMI and Enzyme Leach) and aqua ... appears to be the most aggressive of the leaching procedures, at least for Mn and the
base ... http://www.aig.asn.au/ abstract.htm [More results from www.aig.asn.au]
[142] IJ Fairchild... Killawee, JA 1995． Selective leaching in glacialized terrains and implications for retention of primary chemical signals in carbonate rocks. In: Kharaka, YK & ... http://www.esci.keele.ac.uk/staff/ijf/ [More results from www.esci.keele.ac.uk]
[143] MINING SUPPLIERS,... also from SE.Asia and South America. Actlabs proprietary "Enzyme Leach" selective extraction is being used world-wide to discover blind mineral deposits under ... http://polaris.digistar.mb.ca/minsci/links/suppa-c.htm [More results from polaris.digistar.mb.ca]
[144] October 1998-List of Informal Reports ... Compatibility of data derived from different selective extraction schemes, by GE Hall. p. 33-34． http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/1998-10/informal.shtml [More results from pubs.usgs.gov]
[145] Smee & Associates Data Interpretation... Hall, GEM, 1998b: Selective leaching-a tool in identifying an element's provenance. Explore, 101: 12． http://www.geochemist.com/exploreppr3． htm [More results from www.geochemist.com]
[146] Technical Program... Alternate Geochemical Methods 1． Soil Geochemistry Anomalies using selective leaching methods at the Stock Mine East Zone and the Shoot Zone gold deposits: Case ... http://206． 231． 196． 20/mm2000tp/Public/IndexbyClass.cfm [More results from 206． 231． 196． 20]
[147] The importance of the Yandal belt is highlighted by the 14 ... Partial and selective extraction studies at selected sites in the Yandal belt. MD PAINE, MFP FOO, C. PHANG & A. COX. ... http://www.aeg.org/yandal.htm [More results from www.aeg.org]
[148] ... Effective Mineral Exploration for the next Millennium : The Application of Selective Extraction Geochemistry to Deep Cover Prospecting in South America, Peter ... http://206． 231． 196． 20/mm2000tp/Public/ IndexbyClass.cfm [More results from 206． 231． 196． 20]
[149] ... Room 127, at 11:30 am Gwendy EM Hall, Geological Survey of Canada Selective leaching-a tool in identifying an element's provenance Thursday, Feb 03, 2000 OU ... [More results from www.science.uottawa.ca]
[150] Australian Laboratory Services-Minerals: Newsletters/ ... in Australia. 5/2, Jun 1996, Selective extraction methods revisited. 5/1, Feb 1996, Getting it right. 4 ... http://www.als.com.au/minerals/news.asp [More results from www.als.com.au]
[151] ICP-MS at Cardiff University... a local harbour. We also use selective leaching techniques for example, to look at the contamination potential of Turkish fly ashes. Our microwave preparation ... http://servant.geol.cf.ac.uk/ asg/icp.htm [More results from servant.geol.cf.ac.uk]
[152] ICP-OES geochemical analysis, Saint Etienne School of Mines... fractions of a rock (carbonate, sulfide, etc.), ie in solutions obtained by selective leaching. For example, ICP-AES plays a major role in the following http://www.emse.fr/ECOLE/ENGLISH/SPIN/geochim/ competech/enplasma/ [More results from www.emse.fr]
[153] UBC Student Services - 2000/2001 Calendar... processing circuits; degree of liberation; coal macerais; selective chemical extraction; heavy liquid separation; instrumental analysis; optical microscopy ... http: //www. student-services. ubc. ca/publications/pub/calreg/35133. htm [More results from www. student-services. ubc. ca]
[154] Zbigniew Brzozka - Division of Analytical Chemistry... ligands. Based on my previous progress in the development of a selective extraction by heteroatom ligands, I am interested in the selectivity study of ... http://www. ch. pw. edu.pl/persons/zbrzozka. htm [More results from www. ch. pw. edu. pl]
[154] 秦锡江等，甘肃省庄浪—静宁多金属黄铁矿成矿带专题研究报告(内部资料)，1986年。
[155] 甘肃省地质一队，甘肃省庄浪县蛟龙掌多金属黄铁矿床详查报告(内部资料)，1980。
[156] 文启忠等，中国黄土的地球化学环境，地球化学文集、资料出版社，1986年。
[157] 易惟熙，沈承德，刘东生。洛川黄土微粒级至纳米级物质颗粒度分布规律。地球化学，1995年第四卷第四期。
[159] 任天祥、张华，特殊地质地理条件下区域化探工作方法研究报告。地矿部物化探所(内部资料)，1990年。
[158] 余素华，黄河中游地区马兰黄土及其上部土壤的平均化学成分，1982年环境科学第三期。
[159] 文启忠等，中国黄土地球化学。科学出版社，1989年。
[160] 武改玲等，土壤对铜离子专性吸附初步研究。环境科学，1984年第二卷1期，61-67．
[161] 虞锁富，土壤对重金属离子的竞争吸附。土壤学报，Vol．28，No．1，1991年．
[162] 冉勇、刘铮，稀土元素在土壤和氧化物表面的吸附和解吸研究。环境科学学报，Vol．13，No3，1993．
[163] 邵孝侯、侯文华和邢光熹，土壤固相不同组分对镉锌吸持的研究。环境化学，Vol．13，No．4，1994。
[164] Elliott H A, 1983. Adsorption behavior of Cd in Response to soil surface charge. Soil Science, 136(5): 317-321.
[165] Padmanabham, M, 1983. Comparative study of the adsorption-deporption behavior of Cu, Zn, Co and Pb at the gothite-solution interface. Aust. J. Soil Rws., 21: 515-525.
[166] Hitoshi Mukal, Naoki Furuta and Oshihiro Fujii et al., Characterization of Sources of Lead in the Urban Air of Asia Ratio of Stable Lead Isotopes. Environ. Sci. Technol.,1993, 27, 1347-1356.
[167] 张巽，谢智，杨志柏．古陶产地同位素示踪的初步研究．地球学报——中国地质科学院院报，1997：18／增刊总47：307～309．
[168] 陈好寿，裴辉东，张霄宇，王林森．杭州大气铅主要污染源的铅同位素示踪．矿物岩石地球化学通报，1998：17／3：146～149．
[169] 陈好寿，裴辉东，张霄宇．杭州市区土壤铅、锶同位素示踪研究．浙江地质，1999：15／1总29：43～48。
[170] Gulson B. L., 1986. Lead isotope in mineral exploration, Developments in Economic Geology, No. 23, Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, 1986, 245pp.
[171] 汪明启，铅同位素地球化学勘查方法及其应用。地质地球化学，1991年第六期。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |