东亚季风区8.2ka BP气候突变记录及其精细解剖
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摘要
全球气候正在经历着一次以变暖为主要特征的显著变化,温度的升高和冰川的消融将增大极端气候事件出现的概率和强度,对自然生态系统和人类社会生活造成巨大的负面影响。而人类活动对温室效应贡献的证实,更增加了人类对温室效应的忧虑。虽然对温室效应的气候触发机制已有一定了解,但气候变暖与气候突变事件之间的作用机制尚不明了而这对于未来气候突变的预测尤为重要。
8.2ka BP事件作为距人类社会最近的一次最为显著的急速降温事件,发生于早全新世末次冰期结束之后气候不断转暖的一个时期,与现代气候不断变暖的背景极为类似。因此其可为现代气候背景下的气候突变预测提供重要依据,同时还将有助于对其可能导致的后果进行评估。因此,较其它气候突变事件而言,8.2ka BP气候突变事件的研究具有不可替代的现实意义。此外,由于其突变幅度和突变速率均较全新世其它突变事件更为强烈,对8.2ka BP事件在不同地域的突变幅度、突变速率、发生年代、持续时间及其它行为特征的深入研究,不但可为气候突变的行为研究提供不可或缺的直接证据；而且可为其触发机制的研究奠定重要基础。
本文在长江中游清江和尚洞HS-4石笋δ18O约16a分辨率的前期研究基础之上,提高其8.2ka BP时段的取样分辨率(～6a),通过该分辨率δ18O记录中获得的更为显著的气候异常记录,确定235.7～231.7cm段为HS-4石笋8.2ka BP事件的分析时段。利用牛津大学地球科学系英国Nu公司产多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)对HS-4石笋237.2～228.4cm段重新进行加密U-Th同位素定年,并结合相对年层计数,获得了HS-4石笋该段精确的年代序列。
对石笋的235.7～231.7cm段,利用Photoshop和Image J软件进行年生长速率和季节分辨率灰度的分析；利用英国牛津大学地球科学系美国New Wave公司产MicroMill微区取样仪和美国热电公司产Delta V Advantage司位素质谱仪与Kiel Ⅳ固体碳酸盐预处理联机装置进行了季节分辨率(～40μm)的δ18O、δ13C同位素分析;利用英国牛津大学地球科学系日本电子光学株式会社(JEOL)产JXA8800R型电子探针仪进行了步长为10μm的Mg/Ca原位面扫描分析；利用中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室美国安捷伦公司产Agilent7500型等离子体质谱仪(ICPMS)与Coherent公司产GeoLasPro型激光烧蚀系统联用设备进行了步长为～4μm的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca原位线扫面分析。
在获得的HS-4石笋多代用指标季节分辨率8.2ka BP事件记录突变特征的基础之上,结合其不同指标的气候意义,对东亚季风区8.2ka BP事件记录的年际及季节性变化进行了精细表征；并根据HS-4石笋δ18O季节分辨率8.2ka BP i记录与同期格林兰冰芯δ18O间的高相似度,尝试对8.2ka BP事件的触发机制进行了探讨。获得的主要结论如下：
(1)利用季节分辨率多代用指标获得了东亚季风区可靠的8.2ka BP事件记录。HS-4石笋8.2ka BP时段,季节分辨率δ18O、δ13C指标均出现高值异常,升高幅皮分别达到了2.5‰和3.5%o；石笋年生长速率和季节分辨率灰度则出现了低值异常,其中生长速率的最低值仅为事件前峰值的1/9；季节分辨率的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比亦出现高值异常,其中以Mg/Ca比异常最为显著,其相对平均增幅达到了40%；说明HS-4石笋中的多项指标均清晰地记录了8.2ka BP事件。
(2)利用多代用指标,而非单一代用指标,对东亚季风区在8.2ka BP事件发生期间气候的年际及季节性变化进行了可靠的解译。HS-4石笋在8.2ka BP事件发生期,各项指标所指示的气候意义相互吻合：δ18O值的偏正指示东亚夏季风减弱；Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比值的升高指示长江中游降水减少,同时东亚风尘活动增强；生长速率和年层灰度降低,以及δ13C的偏正指示长江中游气温降低。即多气候代用指标共同指向气候转为干、冷；并均记录在中心事件发生阶段出现了两次极度干、冷期,持续时间为14±2a；而事件发生期间气候的季节性较事件发生前、后阶段有所减弱。
(3)获得了8.2ka BP事件在东亚季风区分辨率到年的突变行为特征及模式。综合HS-4石笋多指标记录,可获得8.2ka BP事件在东亚季风区的变化模式及突变特征：8.2ka BP整体及中心事件的持续时间分别为152±2a和70±2a；自整体事件进入中心事件用了47±1a,自中心事件步出整体事件用了35±3a；入整体事件的突变时间(3a±1a)是出整体事件时间(6±1a)的1/2,而其相对突变速率(6±2%/a)是出整体事件(3±1%/a)的2倍,说明气候向干冷转化的突变更为显著；入、出中心事件的平均突变时间和相对突变速率分别为9±5a和5%/a,说明入、出中心事件的突变时间比入、出整体事件的时间要长；事件发生期间,气候的年际及10a际的变化呈现出明显的双峰/双谷结构。
(4)东亚季风区HS-4石笋和格林兰冰芯δ18O记录在8.2ka BP期间所表现出的高相似度的同步变化,为8.2ka BP气候触发机制的解译提供了新的证据。和在定年误差范围内,HS-4石笋δ18O(东亚夏季风强度指标)与格林兰冰芯δ18O记录(温度指标)在8.2ka BP事件期间的所有波峰和波谷均可一一对应,说明东亚季风区的气候可快速响应北大西洋气候变化。这种响应的高相似度指示,导致东亚季风区气候突变异常的原因,应主要为年际尺度气候变化的贡献。因此,两地气候在突变事件发生时所表现出的遥相关,应更多地受控于大气环流,而非洋流过程。
本项研究工作证明,长江中游清江和尚洞具有可靠年代的HS-4石笋中的多气候代用指标,均清晰地记录了8.2ka BP气候异常事件,各指标所指示的气候意义相互吻合,共同指向事件期间长江中游地区气候趋向干冷。这种非单一指标对事件的综合分析,增加了事件解译的可信度；同时U-Th同位素绝对定年与相对年层计数的结合,以及季节及年际分辨率代用指标的提取,使得对事件持续时间、突变行为的分析得以精度到年。这种具有可靠年代的多指标季节分辨率的分析,为东亚季风区对8.2ka BP事件的响应提供了坚实的证据,为8.2ka BP事件触发机制的深入探讨提供了难得的高分辨率记录。
The global climate is getting warmer with temperature increasing and ice melting, which would increase the possibility and the intensity of the extreme weather and would lead to huge negative impact on the nature ecosystem and the society. The human being's attribution to the greenhouse effect has been proved, which worries the mankind more. Although the mechanism of the greenhouse has been explored, the link between the global warming and the abrupt climate change is still not well-understood, which is very important to predicate the future abrupt climate changes. As the8.2ka BP cold event is the most prominent abrupt cooling anomaly during the Holocene, occupying when the climate got warming gradually after the Last Glacial which is similar to today's, it could provide important evidence for future abrupt climate predication under similar climate backgrounds and is helpful for estimating its impact on human being. Therefore, compared with other abrupt climate changes, there is a great realistic significance to research the8.2ka BP event. In addition, as the abrupt amplitude and transmission rate of the8.2ka BP event is much clearer than other abrupt climate changes, the deep research on its characteristics, such as abrupt amplitude, transmission rate, timing, duration, from different locations could not only provide indispensable direct evidences, but also establish important foundation for its mechanism research. According to the previous δ18O analysis with a resolution of-16a of stalagmite HS-4, collected from Heshang Cave, Qingjiang valley, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, more clearer single of δ18O anomaly during the8.2ka BP period was caught by higher resolution (-6a) sampling and the analysis section of HS-4covering the8.2ka BP event record was confirmed (235.7～231.7cm). The chronology of the section from depth237.2-228.4cm of stalagmite HS-4was established by the combination of layer counting and U-Th technique with dense sampling carried on MC-ICPMS produced by Nu instrument at Earth Science Department of Oxford University.
Then focusing on the section from depth235.7～231.7cm of HS-4, annual growth rate and seasonal grey scale were obtained by using the softwares of Photoshop and Image J. Seasonal δ18O and δ18C samples were obtained by micro-milling at a pace of～40μm on a MicroMill device produced by American New Wave Research and a Thermo Delta V advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer fitted with a Kiel carbonate device IV at the department of earth sciences of Oxford University. Mg/Ca plotting with a pace of10μm was achieved by a JEOL JXA8800R Electron Microprobe at Material Science Department of Oxford University. In-situ Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca analysis with a internal of4μm was conducted on Agilent7500ICP-MS fitted with GeoLasPro UV optical systems produced by Coherent.
Based on the seasonal multi-proxies analysis of stalagmite HS-4on the8.2ka BP event, combined with their interpretations, the seasonal and annual variations of the8.2ka BP event in East Asia area have been analyzed in detail. And the high similarity between the δ18O records from stalagmite HS-4and from Greenland ice cores during8.2ka BP period provides a new evidence for the mechanism exploration.
(1) Reliable8.2ka BP event records in East Asian monsoon area ware achieved by seasonal multi-proxies. During8.2ka BP period, HS-4δ18O、δ13C values increased by2.5‰and3.5‰respectively. The annual growth rate and grey scale vaules decreased greatly, especially for the growth rate, as the lowest value during8.2ka BP period decreased by9times compared with the peak value before the event. The Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca vaules increased as well, and the most anomaly is from Mg/Ca with a average increase by40%. All the proxies indicate that the8.2ka BP event is recorded clearly by stalagmite HS-4.
(2) The climate variation in East Asian monsoon area at yearly and seasonal scale during8.2ka BP period was achieved by multi-proxies instead of a single proxy. During the8.2ka BP period, the interpretation from all the proxies match each well with the increase of δ18O indicating the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon, the increase of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca vaules demonstrating the decrease of the rainfall around the middle reaches of Yangtze River and the strengthening of the wind and dust transferring; the decrease of the growth rate and grey scale vaules with increase of the δ13C vaule suggesting the decrease of the temperature along the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Therefore, all the proxies interpreted that the climate during8.2ka BP period became cold and dry with two extreme conditions lasting for14±2a and the seasonality became weaker compared to the period out of the event.
(3) The precise abrupt behavior of the8.2ka BP event in East Asian monsoon area was achieved. Combine all the multi-proxies' analysis of HS-4, the8.2ka BP event's abrupt model could be obtained. The whole and the central event duration of the event are152±2a and70±2a respectively with a cold and dry condition accompanied with weak EASM. It takes47±1a and35±3a for entering into and stepping out of the central event respectively. The abrupt change happened at the beginning of the whole event is shorter than it happened at the end of the whole event by1/2times and the shift rate at the beginning of the whole event is higher than it at the ending of the whole event by2times, which indicate that the shift to cold and dry conditions is more striking. Both the abrupt changes at the beginning and at the end of the central event occupied in9±5a with an relative abrupt shift rate of5%/a, that means the abrupt changes for the central event is a bit longer than it for the whole event. A double-peak/plunge structure could be observed during the central8.2ka BP event at seasonal, yearly and decade scales clearly.
(4) The synchronous high similarity between the δ18O records from the HS-4in East Asian monsoon area and those from Greenland ice cores provide a new evidence for the interpretation of the8.2ka BP event mechanism. Within dating errors, the δ18O records from stalagmite HS-4, an indicator of the EASM intensity and the δ18O records from Greenland ice cores, an indicator of the temperature, are comparable with each δ18O peak corresponding with another δ18O valley, which suggests that the climate in EAM area could respond to the climate change around North Atlantic area quickly. The highly similarity between the two proxies from the East Asian area and from the North Atlantic area indicate that abrupt anomaly happened in EAM areas was mainly caused by inter-annual scale climate changes. Therefore, the climate teleconnection between the two locations is influenced by the atmospheric circulation, instead of the ocean circulation.
This research demonstrates the8.2ka BP event is clearly recorded by multi-proxies of HS-4, a well-dated stalagmite. The climate conditions during8.2ka BP interpreted from all those multi-proxies of HS-4match each well and all of them suggest the climate turning cold and dry during the event. The multi-proxies analysis not only just by one indicator, give a much stronger evidence than other8.2ka BP event records. Furthermore, the U-Th isotope absolute dating combined with relative layer counting results with multi-proxies analysis on seasonal and annual resolution, make it possible to obtain the event's yearly and seasonal abrupt change behaviours. The methods based on seasonal multi-proxies with a reliable chronology sequence provide a solid evidence for the EAM area responding to the8.2ka BP event and a critical record for deep understanding the mechanism of the8.2ka BP event.
8.2ka BP事件作为距人类社会最近的一次最为显著的急速降温事件,发生于早全新世末次冰期结束之后气候不断转暖的一个时期,与现代气候不断变暖的背景极为类似。因此其可为现代气候背景下的气候突变预测提供重要依据,同时还将有助于对其可能导致的后果进行评估。因此,较其它气候突变事件而言,8.2ka BP气候突变事件的研究具有不可替代的现实意义。此外,由于其突变幅度和突变速率均较全新世其它突变事件更为强烈,对8.2ka BP事件在不同地域的突变幅度、突变速率、发生年代、持续时间及其它行为特征的深入研究,不但可为气候突变的行为研究提供不可或缺的直接证据；而且可为其触发机制的研究奠定重要基础。
本文在长江中游清江和尚洞HS-4石笋δ18O约16a分辨率的前期研究基础之上,提高其8.2ka BP时段的取样分辨率(～6a),通过该分辨率δ18O记录中获得的更为显著的气候异常记录,确定235.7～231.7cm段为HS-4石笋8.2ka BP事件的分析时段。利用牛津大学地球科学系英国Nu公司产多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)对HS-4石笋237.2～228.4cm段重新进行加密U-Th同位素定年,并结合相对年层计数,获得了HS-4石笋该段精确的年代序列。
对石笋的235.7～231.7cm段,利用Photoshop和Image J软件进行年生长速率和季节分辨率灰度的分析；利用英国牛津大学地球科学系美国New Wave公司产MicroMill微区取样仪和美国热电公司产Delta V Advantage司位素质谱仪与Kiel Ⅳ固体碳酸盐预处理联机装置进行了季节分辨率(～40μm)的δ18O、δ13C同位素分析;利用英国牛津大学地球科学系日本电子光学株式会社(JEOL)产JXA8800R型电子探针仪进行了步长为10μm的Mg/Ca原位面扫描分析；利用中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室美国安捷伦公司产Agilent7500型等离子体质谱仪(ICPMS)与Coherent公司产GeoLasPro型激光烧蚀系统联用设备进行了步长为～4μm的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca原位线扫面分析。
在获得的HS-4石笋多代用指标季节分辨率8.2ka BP事件记录突变特征的基础之上,结合其不同指标的气候意义,对东亚季风区8.2ka BP事件记录的年际及季节性变化进行了精细表征；并根据HS-4石笋δ18O季节分辨率8.2ka BP i记录与同期格林兰冰芯δ18O间的高相似度,尝试对8.2ka BP事件的触发机制进行了探讨。获得的主要结论如下：
(1)利用季节分辨率多代用指标获得了东亚季风区可靠的8.2ka BP事件记录。HS-4石笋8.2ka BP时段,季节分辨率δ18O、δ13C指标均出现高值异常,升高幅皮分别达到了2.5‰和3.5%o；石笋年生长速率和季节分辨率灰度则出现了低值异常,其中生长速率的最低值仅为事件前峰值的1/9；季节分辨率的Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比亦出现高值异常,其中以Mg/Ca比异常最为显著,其相对平均增幅达到了40%；说明HS-4石笋中的多项指标均清晰地记录了8.2ka BP事件。
(2)利用多代用指标,而非单一代用指标,对东亚季风区在8.2ka BP事件发生期间气候的年际及季节性变化进行了可靠的解译。HS-4石笋在8.2ka BP事件发生期,各项指标所指示的气候意义相互吻合：δ18O值的偏正指示东亚夏季风减弱；Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比值的升高指示长江中游降水减少,同时东亚风尘活动增强；生长速率和年层灰度降低,以及δ13C的偏正指示长江中游气温降低。即多气候代用指标共同指向气候转为干、冷；并均记录在中心事件发生阶段出现了两次极度干、冷期,持续时间为14±2a；而事件发生期间气候的季节性较事件发生前、后阶段有所减弱。
(3)获得了8.2ka BP事件在东亚季风区分辨率到年的突变行为特征及模式。综合HS-4石笋多指标记录,可获得8.2ka BP事件在东亚季风区的变化模式及突变特征：8.2ka BP整体及中心事件的持续时间分别为152±2a和70±2a；自整体事件进入中心事件用了47±1a,自中心事件步出整体事件用了35±3a；入整体事件的突变时间(3a±1a)是出整体事件时间(6±1a)的1/2,而其相对突变速率(6±2%/a)是出整体事件(3±1%/a)的2倍,说明气候向干冷转化的突变更为显著；入、出中心事件的平均突变时间和相对突变速率分别为9±5a和5%/a,说明入、出中心事件的突变时间比入、出整体事件的时间要长；事件发生期间,气候的年际及10a际的变化呈现出明显的双峰/双谷结构。
(4)东亚季风区HS-4石笋和格林兰冰芯δ18O记录在8.2ka BP期间所表现出的高相似度的同步变化,为8.2ka BP气候触发机制的解译提供了新的证据。和在定年误差范围内,HS-4石笋δ18O(东亚夏季风强度指标)与格林兰冰芯δ18O记录(温度指标)在8.2ka BP事件期间的所有波峰和波谷均可一一对应,说明东亚季风区的气候可快速响应北大西洋气候变化。这种响应的高相似度指示,导致东亚季风区气候突变异常的原因,应主要为年际尺度气候变化的贡献。因此,两地气候在突变事件发生时所表现出的遥相关,应更多地受控于大气环流,而非洋流过程。
本项研究工作证明,长江中游清江和尚洞具有可靠年代的HS-4石笋中的多气候代用指标,均清晰地记录了8.2ka BP气候异常事件,各指标所指示的气候意义相互吻合,共同指向事件期间长江中游地区气候趋向干冷。这种非单一指标对事件的综合分析,增加了事件解译的可信度；同时U-Th同位素绝对定年与相对年层计数的结合,以及季节及年际分辨率代用指标的提取,使得对事件持续时间、突变行为的分析得以精度到年。这种具有可靠年代的多指标季节分辨率的分析,为东亚季风区对8.2ka BP事件的响应提供了坚实的证据,为8.2ka BP事件触发机制的深入探讨提供了难得的高分辨率记录。
The global climate is getting warmer with temperature increasing and ice melting, which would increase the possibility and the intensity of the extreme weather and would lead to huge negative impact on the nature ecosystem and the society. The human being's attribution to the greenhouse effect has been proved, which worries the mankind more. Although the mechanism of the greenhouse has been explored, the link between the global warming and the abrupt climate change is still not well-understood, which is very important to predicate the future abrupt climate changes. As the8.2ka BP cold event is the most prominent abrupt cooling anomaly during the Holocene, occupying when the climate got warming gradually after the Last Glacial which is similar to today's, it could provide important evidence for future abrupt climate predication under similar climate backgrounds and is helpful for estimating its impact on human being. Therefore, compared with other abrupt climate changes, there is a great realistic significance to research the8.2ka BP event. In addition, as the abrupt amplitude and transmission rate of the8.2ka BP event is much clearer than other abrupt climate changes, the deep research on its characteristics, such as abrupt amplitude, transmission rate, timing, duration, from different locations could not only provide indispensable direct evidences, but also establish important foundation for its mechanism research. According to the previous δ18O analysis with a resolution of-16a of stalagmite HS-4, collected from Heshang Cave, Qingjiang valley, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, more clearer single of δ18O anomaly during the8.2ka BP period was caught by higher resolution (-6a) sampling and the analysis section of HS-4covering the8.2ka BP event record was confirmed (235.7～231.7cm). The chronology of the section from depth237.2-228.4cm of stalagmite HS-4was established by the combination of layer counting and U-Th technique with dense sampling carried on MC-ICPMS produced by Nu instrument at Earth Science Department of Oxford University.
Then focusing on the section from depth235.7～231.7cm of HS-4, annual growth rate and seasonal grey scale were obtained by using the softwares of Photoshop and Image J. Seasonal δ18O and δ18C samples were obtained by micro-milling at a pace of～40μm on a MicroMill device produced by American New Wave Research and a Thermo Delta V advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer fitted with a Kiel carbonate device IV at the department of earth sciences of Oxford University. Mg/Ca plotting with a pace of10μm was achieved by a JEOL JXA8800R Electron Microprobe at Material Science Department of Oxford University. In-situ Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca analysis with a internal of4μm was conducted on Agilent7500ICP-MS fitted with GeoLasPro UV optical systems produced by Coherent.
Based on the seasonal multi-proxies analysis of stalagmite HS-4on the8.2ka BP event, combined with their interpretations, the seasonal and annual variations of the8.2ka BP event in East Asia area have been analyzed in detail. And the high similarity between the δ18O records from stalagmite HS-4and from Greenland ice cores during8.2ka BP period provides a new evidence for the mechanism exploration.
(1) Reliable8.2ka BP event records in East Asian monsoon area ware achieved by seasonal multi-proxies. During8.2ka BP period, HS-4δ18O、δ13C values increased by2.5‰and3.5‰respectively. The annual growth rate and grey scale vaules decreased greatly, especially for the growth rate, as the lowest value during8.2ka BP period decreased by9times compared with the peak value before the event. The Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca vaules increased as well, and the most anomaly is from Mg/Ca with a average increase by40%. All the proxies indicate that the8.2ka BP event is recorded clearly by stalagmite HS-4.
(2) The climate variation in East Asian monsoon area at yearly and seasonal scale during8.2ka BP period was achieved by multi-proxies instead of a single proxy. During the8.2ka BP period, the interpretation from all the proxies match each well with the increase of δ18O indicating the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon, the increase of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca vaules demonstrating the decrease of the rainfall around the middle reaches of Yangtze River and the strengthening of the wind and dust transferring; the decrease of the growth rate and grey scale vaules with increase of the δ13C vaule suggesting the decrease of the temperature along the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Therefore, all the proxies interpreted that the climate during8.2ka BP period became cold and dry with two extreme conditions lasting for14±2a and the seasonality became weaker compared to the period out of the event.
(3) The precise abrupt behavior of the8.2ka BP event in East Asian monsoon area was achieved. Combine all the multi-proxies' analysis of HS-4, the8.2ka BP event's abrupt model could be obtained. The whole and the central event duration of the event are152±2a and70±2a respectively with a cold and dry condition accompanied with weak EASM. It takes47±1a and35±3a for entering into and stepping out of the central event respectively. The abrupt change happened at the beginning of the whole event is shorter than it happened at the end of the whole event by1/2times and the shift rate at the beginning of the whole event is higher than it at the ending of the whole event by2times, which indicate that the shift to cold and dry conditions is more striking. Both the abrupt changes at the beginning and at the end of the central event occupied in9±5a with an relative abrupt shift rate of5%/a, that means the abrupt changes for the central event is a bit longer than it for the whole event. A double-peak/plunge structure could be observed during the central8.2ka BP event at seasonal, yearly and decade scales clearly.
(4) The synchronous high similarity between the δ18O records from the HS-4in East Asian monsoon area and those from Greenland ice cores provide a new evidence for the interpretation of the8.2ka BP event mechanism. Within dating errors, the δ18O records from stalagmite HS-4, an indicator of the EASM intensity and the δ18O records from Greenland ice cores, an indicator of the temperature, are comparable with each δ18O peak corresponding with another δ18O valley, which suggests that the climate in EAM area could respond to the climate change around North Atlantic area quickly. The highly similarity between the two proxies from the East Asian area and from the North Atlantic area indicate that abrupt anomaly happened in EAM areas was mainly caused by inter-annual scale climate changes. Therefore, the climate teleconnection between the two locations is influenced by the atmospheric circulation, instead of the ocean circulation.
This research demonstrates the8.2ka BP event is clearly recorded by multi-proxies of HS-4, a well-dated stalagmite. The climate conditions during8.2ka BP interpreted from all those multi-proxies of HS-4match each well and all of them suggest the climate turning cold and dry during the event. The multi-proxies analysis not only just by one indicator, give a much stronger evidence than other8.2ka BP event records. Furthermore, the U-Th isotope absolute dating combined with relative layer counting results with multi-proxies analysis on seasonal and annual resolution, make it possible to obtain the event's yearly and seasonal abrupt change behaviours. The methods based on seasonal multi-proxies with a reliable chronology sequence provide a solid evidence for the EAM area responding to the8.2ka BP event and a critical record for deep understanding the mechanism of the8.2ka BP event.
引文
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